Basal perfusion of the cutaneous microcirculation: Measurements as a function of anatomic position
Open accessAbstract
Noninvasive optical techniques of photopulse plethysmography (PPG) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) have been used to identify regional variations in the basal skin blood flow of humans. The procedures assess either the volume (PPG) or the volume-velocity product (LDV) of cutaneous blood vessel perfusion. Fifty-two anatomic positions have been studied in 10 normal subjects resting horizontally. The mean perfusion levels were ranked to reveal the variations in cutaneous blood flow as a function of body site. Groups of data were collected into cohorts and average perfusion values for the subjects within each cohort were compared by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. Most transparently, the results reveal a collection of regions (fingers, palms, face, ears) for which cutaneous perfusion is much higher than all other positions. More subtle differences and some unexpected similarities, however, are also apparent and, in some cases, agree or, in others, conflict, with previously published information. With some exceptions, good general agreement between the two techniques was observed.
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The hand and the face had significantly higher (p < 0.01) perfusion values than the trunk, upper, and lower limb.
“It was found that the hand and the face had significantly higher (p < 0.01) perfusion values than the trunk, upper, and lower limb.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
The back of the ear and earlobe yielded significantly higher PPG signal amplitude than the hand and postauricular region, but LDV values and comparisons to the fingertips and the rest of the face were not significant.
“The back of the ear and earlobe yielded significantly higher PPG signal amplitude than the hand and postauricular region (i.e., neck behind the ear), but LDV values and comparisons to the fingertips and the rest of the face were not significant.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
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“The perfusion values of 52 anatomical sites in healthy subjects showed that the fingers, palm, face, and ears offer much higher perfusion values compared with other measurement sites [33]; the transmitted PPG signal amplitude from the earlobe provides the largest perfusion value.”
BackgroundSources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring
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- Authors
- Tur, E., Tur, M., Maibach, H. I., & Guy, R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Guy, Richard H.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-11
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 442-446
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999558969
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- skin microcirculation, laser Doppler anemometry, skin blood flow, finger, Arecaceae, face, ear
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Lasers, Male, Microcirculation, Perfusion, Plethysmography, Regional Blood Flow, Skin
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