Improving quit rates of web‐delivered interventions for smoking cessation: full‐scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov

Bricker, Jonathan B.; Mull, Kristin E.; McClure, Jennifer B.; Watson, Noreen L.; Heffner, Jaimee L.

doi:10.1111/add.14127

Cited by 91Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Improving quit rates of web‐delivered interventions for smoking cessation: full‐scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov

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Bricker, Jonathan B., Mull, Kristin E., McClure, Jennifer B., Watson, Noreen L., Heffner, Jaimee L.·2018·Addiction

DOI 10.1111/add.14127PMC PMC5930021

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Abstract

Background and aims: Millions of people world‐wide use websites to help them quit smoking, but effectiveness trials have an average 34% follow‐up data retention rate and an average 9% quit rate. We compared the quit rates of a website using a new behavioral approach called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; WebQuit.org) with the current standard of the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Smokefree.gov website. Design: A two‐arm stratified double‐blind individually randomized trial (n = 1319 for WebQuit; n = 1318 for Smokefree.gov) with 12‐month follow‐up. Setting: United States. Participants: Adults (n = 2637) who currently smoked at least five cigarettes per day were recruited from March 2014 to August 2015. At baseline, participants were mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 46.2 years (13.4), 79% women and 73% white. Interventions: WebQuit.org website (experimental) provided ACT for smoking cessation; Smokefree.gov website (comparison) followed US Clinical Practice Guidelines for smoking cessation. Measurements: The primary outcome was self‐reported 30‐day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months. Findings: The 12‐month follow‐up data retention rate was 88% (2309 of 2637). The 30‐day point prevalence abstinence rates at the 12‐month follow‐up were 24% (278 of 1141) for WebQuit.org and 26% (305 of 1168) for Smokefree.gov [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76, 1.10; P = 0.334] in the a priori complete case analysis. Abstinence rates were 21% (278 of 1319) for WebQuit.org and 23% (305 of 1318) for Smokefree.gov (OR = 0.89 (0.74, 1.07; P = 0.200) when missing cases were imputed as smokers. The Bayes factor comparing the primary abstinence outcome was 0.17, indicating ‘substantial’ evidence of no difference between groups. Conclusions: WebQuit.org and Smokefree.gov had similar 30‐day point prevalence abstinence rates at 12 months that were descriptively higher than those of prior published website‐delivered interventions and telephone counselor‐delivered interventions.

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Of the five RCTs of ACT for smoking cessation that Lee et al. analyzed, three were conducted by Bricker et al., who have continued to publish in this area since that time.
“Of the five RCTs of ACT for smoking cessation that Lee et al. [30] analyzed, three were conducted by Bricker et al. [35–37], who have continued to publish in this area since that time [38, 39].”
From A Randomized Feasibility/Acceptability Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People with HIV Who Drink at Unhealthy Levels. (2026) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors: Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., McClure, J. B., Watson, N. L., & Heffner, J. L.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Bricker, Jonathan B.
ORCID: Bricker, Jonathan B.
Mull, Kristin E.
McClure, Jennifer B.
Watson, Noreen L.
Heffner, Jaimee L.
Venue: Addiction
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-01-26
Volume: 113
Issue: 5
Pages: 914-923
ISSN: 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
1360-0443
DOI: 10.1111/add.14127
PMC: PMC5930021
OpenAlex: W2773563881
Cited by: 91
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 5.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Addiction (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (R01 CA166646, R01 CA192849)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA038411)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: smoking cessation, acceptance and commitment therapy, quit rates, abstinence, data retention, follow-up retention, treatment effectiveness comparison, Bayes factor, missing data imputation
MeSH terms: Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

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