Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Web-based smoking cessation interventions have high reach, but low effectiveness. To address this problem, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of the first web-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention for smoking cessation. The aims were to determine design feasibility, user receptivity, effect on 30-day point prevalence quit rate at 3 months post-randomization, and mediation by ACT theory-based processes of acceptance. METHODS: Adult participants were recruited nationally into the double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial (N = 222), which compared web-based ACT for smoking cessation (WebQuit.org) with the National Cancer Institute's Smokefree.gov-the U.S. national standard for web-based smoking cessation interventions. RESULTS: We recruited 222 participants in 10 weeks. Participants spent significantly longer on the ACT WebQuit.org site per login (18.98 vs. 10.72 min; p = .001) and were more satisfied with the site (74% vs. 42%; p =.002). Using available follow-up data, more than double the fraction of participants in the ACT WebQuit.org arm had quit smoking at the 3-month follow-up (23% vs. 10%; OR = 3.05; 95% CI = 1.01-9.32; p = .050). Eighty percent of this effect was mediated by ACT theory-based increases in total acceptance of physical, cognitive, and emotional cues to smoke (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The trial design was feasible. Compared with Smokefree.gov, ACT had higher user receptivity and short-term cessation, and strong evidence of theory-based mechanisms of change. While results were promising, they were limited by the pilot design (e.g., limited follow-up), and thus a full-scale efficacy trial is now being conducted.
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RCTs have found ACT to be effective in a web-based self-help format for depression, smoking, and chronic pain.
“For example, RCTs have found ACT to be effective in a web-based self-help format for depression (e.g., Lappalainen et al., 2014), smoking (e.g., Bricker et al., 2013) and chronic pain (e.g., Trompetter et al., 2015).”
From Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Mental Health Problems in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017) · cites this paper as Bricker et al., 2013
There is growing evidence for the efficacy of web-based ACT interventions.
“In addition, there is growing evidence for the efficacy of web-based ACT interventions [6–11].”
From How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
The number of studies doing formal mediational analyses of psychological flexibility and mindfulness in web-based ACT interventions is small.
“For mediators of change, the number of studies doing formal mediational analyses of psychological flexibility and mindfulness in web-based ACT interventions is small [7, 30].”
From How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Bricker et al. found that acceptance processes mediated the effects on smoking cessation through greater acceptance of physical urges, cognitions, and emotions.
“Also, Bricker et al. [7] found that acceptance processes mediated the effects on smoking cessation through greater acceptance of physical urges, cognitions, and emotions.”
From How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Of the five RCTs of ACT for smoking cessation that Lee et al. analyzed, three were conducted by Bricker et al., who have continued to publish in this area since that time.
“Of the five RCTs of ACT for smoking cessation that Lee et al. [30] analyzed, three were conducted by Bricker et al. [35–37], who have continued to publish in this area since that time [38, 39].”
From A Randomized Feasibility/Acceptability Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People with HIV Who Drink at Unhealthy Levels. (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Work by Bricker et al. has demonstrated that ACT interventions in various delivery formats (face-to-face, online, smartphone app, telephone) have led to greater smoking cessation rates than gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy comparison interventions.
“Work by Bricker et al. [53 -56] has demonstrated that ACT interventions in various delivery formats (face-to-face, online, smartphone app, telephone) have led to greater smoking cessation rates than gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy comparison interventions.”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Transdiagnostic Behavioral Intervention for Mental Health and Medical Conditions. (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
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Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation
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“ACT has been administered successfully in 1-day workshops [45], telehealth coaching calls [52, 55], online and smartphone interventions [53], and 20-min sessions integrated into primary care visits [51], demonstrating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of brief ACT interventions.”
MethodAn initial meta-analysis of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating substance use disorders
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InfluentialEfficacy of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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“For example, RCTs have found ACT to be effective in a web-based self-help format for depression (e.g., Lappalainen et al., 2014), smoking (e.g., Bricker et al., 2013) and chronic pain (e.g., Trompetter et al., 2015).”
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“Bricker et al. (2013) Acceptance of … Physical urges Cognitions Emotions Participants who received ACT exhibited greater acceptance of physical urges, cognitions and emotions when compared to those receiving CBT, which in turn was associated with improvements in 30-day smoking cessation rates”
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Get with the program: Adherence to a smartphone app for smoking cessation
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“Several recent randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of web-based self-help using ACT for depression (e.g., Lappalainen et al., 2014), chronic pain (e.g., Trompetter et al., 2015), smoking (e.g., Bricker et al., 2013), and tinnitus (e.g., Hesser et al., 2012).”
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Feature-level analysis of a novel smartphone application for smoking cessation
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“physical urges, anxiety, or thoughts about smoking) that accompany smoking cessation while committing to engage in values-based behavior change (8,9).”
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“Regarding assessment timing, the 3-month follow-up was when we expected acceptance to increase the most, as consistent with past ACT smoking cessation studies (Bricker et al., 2010, 2013).”
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Self-citationA New Frontier: Integrating Behavioral and Digital Technology to Promote Health Behavior
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“In addition, Bricker et al. (2013) developed and tested the first web-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention for smoking cessation (WebQuit.org).”
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“…between consent and downloading the app, were very similar to our first app-delivered (Bricker et al., 2014) and web-delivered intervention trials (Bricker et al., 2013), and a large web-based smoking cessation trial that used recruitment methods similar to the current study (Muñoz et al., 2006).”
MethodSelf-citationThe Use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Oncology Settings: A Narrative Review
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“One crucial factor in effective chatbot interventions is engagement, which has proved to be a significant predictor of improved outcomes for health behavior change in general and for smoking cessation in particular [5–8].”
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Predictors of utilization of a novel smoking cessation smartphone app
Zeng, E. Y., Vilardaga, R., Heffner, J. L., Mull, K. E., & Bricker, J. B. (2015) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2014.0232 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“36,37 The app includes exercises designed to increase willingness to experience trigger situations without smoking, increase recovery skills for smoking lapses, and develop self-compassion.”
Self-citationThe Use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Literature
Osaji, J., Ojimba, C., & Ahmed, S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr4311 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Studies also show its effectiveness as a monotherapy or in combination with other therapies for the treatment of people with SUD [8, 10-13].”
BackgroundBarrett, K., & Stewart, I. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13074 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A contextual model of self-regulation change mechanisms among individuals with addictive disorders
Roos, C. R., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The promise of third-wave behavioral therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders
Stotts, A. L., & Northrup, T. F. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.028 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Given the chronic, relapsing nature of substance use disorders, novel treatment modalities to deliver or augment ACT and DBT are also being explored, such as texting [30], mobile phone/ computer applications [28], and computer/web-based programs [31].”
BackgroundMattila, E., Lappalainen, R., Välkkynen, P., Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, P., Karhunen, L., Peuhkuri, K., Korpela, R., Kolehmainen, M., & Ermes, M. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5241 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“In comparison, in the study by Bricker et al [23] the average total usage time of the Web-based smoking cessation intervention was about 2.9 hours, and in the study by Carlbring et al [24] a depression intervention was used, on average, for 3.5 hours.”
InfluentialHeffner, J. L., Wyszynski, C. M., Comstock, B., Mercer, L. D., & Bricker, J. B. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.05.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationFiorillo, D., McLean, C., Pistorello, J., Hayes, S. C., & Follette, V. M. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
O’Connor, M., Whelan, R., Bricker, J., & McHugh, L. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness in Treatment Approaches for Addiction — Underlying Mechanisms and Future Directions
Rosenthal, A., Levin, M. E., Garland, E. L., & Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00372-w · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Comparing an online-based ACT intervention with a widely accessed smoking cessation website, ACT participants exhibited significantly larger cessation rates that were mediated by increase of acceptance of physical, cognitive, and emotional smoking cues [100].”
MethodMcClure, J. B., Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., & Heffner, J. L. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty268 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationBricker, J. B., Watson, N. L., Heffner, J. L., Sullivan, B., Mull, K., Kwon, D., Westmaas, J. L., & Ostroff, J. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/16652 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Our original recruitment goal was 200 participants (100 per arm) based on our experience with recruiting 200 participants in prior pilot randomized trials of mobile health (mHealth) and electronic health (eHealth) for smoking cessation for the general population of smokers [51,52].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPots, W. T. M., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0841-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“[7] found that acceptance processes mediated the effects on smoking cessation through greater acceptance of physical urges, cognitions, and emotions.”
BackgroundKrafft, J., Potts, S., Schoendorff, B., & Levin, M. E. (2019) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517748561 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…found ACT to be effective when delivered through self-help books (e.g., Ritzert et al., 2016), websites (e.g., Lappalainen et al., 2014; Levin, Haeger, Pierce, & Twohig, 2017), and most recently, mobile apps (e.g., Bricker, Wyszynski, Comstock, & Heffner, 2013; Torous, Levin, Ahern, & Oser, 2017).”
Ashe, M. L., Newman, M. G., & Wilson, S. J. (2015) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.122 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Farris, S. G., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.026 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Smoking-specific experiential avoidance has primarily been examined as a mechanism of change in smoking cessation treatment (Bricker, 2011; Bricker, Mann, Marek, Liu, & Peterson, 2010; Bricker et al., 2013; Gifford et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMindfulness-based interventions for addictive behaviors: implementation issues on the road ahead
Wilson, A. D., Roos, C. R., Robinson, C. S., Stein, E. R., Manuel, J. A., Enkema, M. C., Bowen, S., & Witkiewitz, K. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000319 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Roche, A. I., Kroska, E. B., & Denburg, N. L. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.06.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Atkins, P. W. B., Ciarrochi, J., Gaudiano, B. A., Bricker, J. B., Donald, J. N., Rovner, G., Smout, M., Livheim, F., Lundgren, T., & Hayes, S. C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.016 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSchuck, K., Otten, R., Kleinjan, M., Bricker, J. B., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.033 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationYıldız, E. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12482 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cattivelli, R., Castelnuovo, G., Musetti, A., Varallo, G., Spatola, C. A. M., Riboni, F. V., Usubini, A. G., Tosolin, F., Manzoni, G. M., Capodaglio, P., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2968-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The tradition of behavioral sciences has developed models of interpretation, explanation, and pragmatic operation supported by evidence of effectiveness and efficiency in the promotion of desired behaviors in various contexts, for example, smoke cessation [10, 81], pathological Internet use [69, 70], the ability to li…”
BackgroundBothelius, K., Jernelöv, S., Fredrikson, M., McCracken, L. M., & Kaldo, V. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5170 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kelly, M. M., Sido, H., Forsyth, J. P., Ziedonis, D. M., Kalman, D., & Cooney, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2014.992201 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Feasibility of biochemical verification in a web-based smoking cessation study
Cha, S., Ganz, O., Cohn, A. M., Ehlke, S. J., & Graham, A. L. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.020 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Several recent trials have included such measures (11-14), while others that have relied on self-report have noted the lack of biochemical verification as a limitation of their findings (15-23).”
BackgroundVilardaga, R., Rizo, J. L., Ries, R. K., Kientz, J. A., Ziedonis, D. M., Hernandez, K., & McClernon, F. J. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/iby097 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Davis, J. M., Manley, A. R., Goldberg, S. B., Stankevitz, K. A., & Smith, S. S. (2015) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0618-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“[50] who report a 3-month post-quit 30 day continuous abstinence rate of 22.”
BackgroundJuarascio, A. S., Parker, M. N., Manasse, S. M., Barney, J. L., Wyckoff, E. P., & Dochat, C. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104634 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Jones, H. A., Heffner, J. L., Mercer, L., Wyszynski, C. M., Vilardaga, R., & Bricker, J. B. (2015) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2014.992588 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Consistent with the methods of handling missing smoking outcome data in the larger study (Bricker et al., 2013), complete case analysis was used for the primary outcome.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationBricker, J. B., Sullivan, B. M., Mull, K. E., Santiago‐Torres, M., & Ferres, J. L. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/57318 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Instead, the sample sizes were based on comparable sample sizes from prior pilot studies we had conducted in our laboratory [72,73].”
Self-citationMechanisms of change associated with technology-based interventions for substance use
Dallery, J., Jarvis, B. P., Marsch, L. A., & Xie, H. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.036 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“In several studies, the potential mechanisms and outcomes were measured at the same time point (Bricker et al., 2013; Buller et al., 2008; Doumas et al., 2009; Neighbors et al., 2009, 2006; Walters et al., 2007), which”
InfluentialCook, A. J., Meyer, E. C., Evans, L. D., Vowles, K. E., Klocek, J. W., Kimbrel, N. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of distress tolerance treatment for smoking cessation.
Brown, R. A., Reed, K. M. P., Bloom, E. L., Minami, H., Strong, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Hayes, S. C. (2018) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000372 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The literature is not yet extensive enough to directly compare our DT treatment to related treatments, including ACT-based treatments for general populations of smokers (i.e., not limited to early lapsers; Bricker et al., 2014, 2010, 2013; Gifford et al., 2004, 2011; Hernández-López et al., 2009).”
InfluentialBricker, J. B., Levin, M., Lappalainen, R., Mull, K., Sullivan, B., & Santiago-Torres, M. (2021) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/32847 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Eight prior ACT RCTs showed either formal statistical mediation or higher levels of acceptance of internal cues to smoke in the ACT intervention arm [14,15,44-49].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKarekla, M., Constantinou, P., Ioannou, M., Gloster, A. T., & Kareklas, I. (2019) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.v1i3.33058 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Santiago‐Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Kwon, D. M., Henderson, P. N., Nelson, L. A., Patten, C. A., & Bricker, J. B. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab213 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationHeffner, J. L., Watson, N. L., Serfozo, E., Kelly, M. M., Reilly, E. D., Kim, D., Baker, K. K., Scout, N., & Karekla, M. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/30241 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This included (1) changes in acceptance of smoking triggers (emotional and physical subscales of the adapted Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale [16,17], 18 items), (2) overall psychological flexibility (24-item short version of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory [18], which has 2 composite scores…”
InfluentialSelf-citationKarekla, M., & Savvides, S. N. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz128 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hermann, B. A., Meyer, E. C., Schnurr, P. P., Batten, S. V., & Walser, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.07.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sullivan, M. D., Langford, D. J., Davies, P. S., Tran, C. N., Vilardaga, R., Cheung, G. K., Yoo, D., McReynolds, J., Lober, W. B., Tauben, D. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.03.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Minami, H., Bloom, E., Reed, K. M. P., Hayes, S., & Brown, R. A. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000030 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mak, Y. W., Leung, D. Y. P., & Loke, A. Y. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09820-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The increase in psychological flexibility following ACT is clinically meaningful, as previous studies found that increasing psychological flexibility serves as an essential element in smoking cessation treatments [21, 22, 25].”
BackgroundHeffner, J. L., McClure, J. B., Mull, K. E., Anthenelli, R. M., & Bricker, J. B. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12300 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHeckman, B. W., Dahne, J., Germeroth, L. J., Mathew, A. R., Ana, E. J. S., Saladin, M. E., & Carpenter, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000338 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mak, Y. W., & Loke, A. Y. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1485-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“As there has been no study that included a brief ACT for smoking cessation in HK, the sample size estimation was taken reference from available ACT studies for smoking cessation [17-20].”
BackgroundMethodDeBeer, B. B., Meyer, E. C., Kimbrel, N. A., Kittel, J. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12388 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Krotter, A., Diego, G. A., Menéndez, A. G., González‐Roz, A., Secades‐Villa, R., & Pérez, Á. G. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100773 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Santiago‐Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Kwon, D., Nollen, N. L., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bricker, J. B. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15721 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationRosen, G. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2015) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-015-9319-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Even ACT researchers have acknowledged this important point, with Bricker et al. (2013) commenting on one of the publications: ‘‘In that study the intervention was supplemented with online support from a therapist, making it difficult to disentangle the effects of the self-guided web program from…”
BackgroundGuildford, B. J., Daly-Eichenhardt, A., Hill, B., Sanderson, K., & McCracken, L. M. (2017) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463717734016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Contextual behavioral science and global mental health: synergies and opportunities
White, R. G., Gregg, J., Batten, S., Hayes, L. L., & Kasujja, R. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.07.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Han, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39182 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“%) involved active control groups, including web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [25], web-based smoking cessation interventions [26,27], web-based discussion forums [44,45,57], web-based mental health education [30], in-person behavioral support [35], web-based expressive writing [48,55],…”
Misra, A., Bryan, A., S. Faber, N., Printz Pereira, D., Faber, S., T. Williams, M., & D. Skinta, M. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mujcic, A., Blankers, M., Boon, B. J. F., Engels, R. C. M. E., & van Laar, M. (2018) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4206-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Unlike traditional CBT, ACT does not teach methods to avoid or control these triggers, but it focuses on changing one’s relationship with them by allowing them to be present without acting on them [42, 49, 54].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBhattacharya, A., Vilardaga, R., Kientz, J. A., & Munson, S. A. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025725 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Interventions may be also tailored based on the individual’s willingness to change (MI), Experiential Avoidance (ACT), or stages of change in Transtheoretical model [53].”
MethodInfluentialVilardaga, R., Heffner, J. L., Mercer, L. D., & Bricker, J. B. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, E. C., Galloway-Williams, N., Cox, M. G., & Winett, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.10.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Why We Are Not Acting to Save Ourselves: ACT, Health, and Culture
Rehfeldt, R. A., & Tyndall, I. T. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00592-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Acceptance: A Research Overview and Application of This Core ACT Process in ABA
Bordieri, M. J. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00575-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mujcic, A., Blankers, M., Boon, B. J. F., Leeuw, I. M. V., Smit, F., van Laar, M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/27588 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“These approaches have been incorporated into effective SC interventions in the general population [22-24].”
InfluentialDanaher, B. G., Severson, H. H., Crowley, R. N., van Meter, N., Tyler, M. S., Widdop, C., Lichtenstein, E., & Ebbert, J. O. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Olinder, A. L., Fischier, J., Fries, J., Alfonsson, S., Elvingson, V., Eriksson, J. W., & Leksell, J. K. (2015) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-015-0101-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bricker, J. B., Sullivan, B. M., Mull, K. E., Torres, A. J., & Carpenter, K. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac052 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationACTonFOOD: opportunities of ACT to address food addiction
Cattivelli, R., Pietrabissa, G., Ceccarini, M., Spatola, C. A. M., Villa, V., Caretti, A., Gatti, A., Manzoni, G. M., & Castelnuovo, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00396 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Recent findings show excellent results in this area (Bricker et al., 2013; Schuck et al., 2014).”
ResultSairanen, E., Lappalainen, R. I., Lappalainen, P., & Hiltunen, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Previous analyses of mediators in web-based ACT have supported psychological flexibility as a process of change, such as when psychological flexibility was assessed with population-targeted measures with respect to smoking cessation (Bricker et al., 2013) and concerning chronic pain (Trompetter et al.”
BackgroundJuarascio, A. S., Felonis, C. R., Manasse, S. M., Srivastava, P., Boyajian, L. E., Forman, E. M., & Zhang, F. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23426 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-05-23
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1756-1764
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-994X
- PMC
- PMC3768336
- OpenAlex
- W2000457378
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 14.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K23DA026517)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA166646, P30CA015704)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- acceptance and commitment therapy, smoking cessation, online intervention, e-health, quit rates
- MeSH terms
- Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking Cessation, Internet
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