Development and initial testing of mindful journey: a digital mindfulness-based intervention for promoting recovery from Substance use disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is a great unmet need for accessible adjunctive interventions to promote long-term recovery from substance use disorder (SUD). This study aimed to iteratively develop and test the initial feasibility and acceptability of Mindful Journey, a novel digital mindfulness-based intervention for promoting recovery among individuals with SUD. PATIENTS/MATERIALS: Ten adults receiving outpatient treatment for SUD. METHODS: = 5) and involved testing all 15 digital lessons (each 30- to 45-minutes) over a 6-week period, while also receiving weekly brief phone coaching for motivational/technical support. RESULTS: Across both phases, quantitative ratings (rated on a 5-point scale) were all at or above a 4 (corresponding with 'agree') for key acceptability dimensions, such as usability, understandability, appeal of visual content, how engaging the content was, and helpfulness for recovery. Additionally, in both phases, qualitative feedback indicated that participants particularly appreciated the BOAT (Breath, Observe, Accept, Take a Moment) tool for breaking down mindfulness into steps. Qualitative feedback was used to iteratively refine the intervention. For example, based on feedback, we added a second core mindfulness tool, the SOAK (Stop, Observe, Appreciate, Keep Curious), and we added more example clients and group therapy videos. In Phase 2, 4 out of 5 participants completed all 15 lessons, providing initial evidence of feasibility. Participants reported that the phone coaching motivated them to use the app. The final version of Mindful Journey was a smartphone app with additional features, including brief on-the-go audio exercises and a library of mindfulness practices. Although, participants used these additional features infrequently. CONCLUSIONS: Based on promising initial findings, future acceptability and feasibility testing in a larger sample is warranted. Future versions might include push notifications to facilitate engagement in the additional app features.
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The high acceptability and feasibility of the simple email delivery of the meditation videos reflects the growing recognition of the power of digital platforms for delivery of evidence-based mindfulness interventions.
“The high acceptability and feasibility of the simple email delivery of the meditation videos reflects the growing recognition of the power of digital platforms for delivery of evidence-based mindfulness interventions [14,33,34,45,46].”
From Mindful moms: acceptability and impact of co-designed and digitally delivered video meditations for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Roos, C. R., Kiluk, B., Carroll, K. M., Bricker, J. B., Mun, C. J., Sala, M., Kirouac, M., Stein, E., John, M., Palmer, R., DeBenedictis, A., Frisbie, J., Haeny, A. M., Barry, D., Fucito, L. M., Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., & Kober, H.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Yeshiva University (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US)
- Boston College (US)
- Frisbie Tutoring, Branford, CT, USA
- Pacific University (IN)
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding author
- Roos, Corey R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2024-02-21
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2315228-2315228
- ISSN
- 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2060
- PMC
- PMC10883107
- OpenAlex
- W4391993542
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K23AT011342)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, addiction recovery, mobile application, adjunctive therapy, feasibility, acceptability, phone coaching, outpatient care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Humans, Motivation, Substance-Related Disorders, Mobile Applications, Mindfulness
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