Cited by 123Circadian rhythm and melatoninBipolar Disorder and TreatmentSleep and related disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The circadian system of patients with bipolar disorder differs in episodes of mania and depression

Nováková, Marta, Praško, Ján, Látalová, Klára, Sládek, Martin, Sumová, Alena·2015·Bipolar Disorders

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disease characterized by mood disturbances with alternating episodes of mania and depression. Moreover, disturbances in the sleep/wake cycle are prevalent. We tested a hypothesis that the function of the circadian system, which drives the sleep/wake cycle, may differ in patients with bipolar disorder depending on whether they are experiencing an episode of mania or depression. METHODS: To assess the functional state of the central circadian clock, daily profiles of melatonin levels in saliva were determined. The functional state of the peripheral clocks was assessed by determining daily profiles of Per1 and Nr1d1 clock gene expression in buccal mucosa cells. Sixteen patients with bipolar disorder in a manic episode, 22 patients in a depressive episode, and 19 healthy control subjects provided samples at regular intervals during a 24-hour cycle. RESULTS: During episodes of mania, the daily profiles of melatonin differed compared with healthy controls and patients in an episode of depression, mainly due to elevated melatonin levels during the daytime. No difference was found between melatonin profiles of control subjects and patients in depression. The Per1 and Nr1d1 profiles were advanced in patients in mania compared with those in depression. Compared with controls, a trend toward an advance was apparent in the profiles of patients during an episode of mania but not depression. The amplitude of the Nr1d1 expression profile was higher in mania than in depression. CONCLUSIONS: The data revealed differences in the functional state of the circadian system in patients with bipolar disorder depending on whether they were experiencing a manic or a depressive episode.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/bdi.12270

Cites

69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A rating scale for depression
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Untitled work
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899
A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity
Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429 · Cited by 8,744
Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale
BERNSTEIN, E. M., & PUTNAM, F. W. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004 · Cited by 3,793 · cited 2×
“, GAPDH and B2M, separately, and the mean of the relative expression was calculated, as in our previously published data (24).”
Method
The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI
Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D., Weiller, E., Amorim, P., Bonora, I., Sheehan, K. H., Janavs, J., & Dunbar, G. (1997) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(97)83296-8 · Cited by 3,513
The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks
Dibner, C., Schibler, U., & Albrecht, U. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821 · Cited by 2,421
A molecular mechanism for the effect of lithium on development.
Klein, P. S., & Melton, D. A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8455 · Cited by 2,334
Suprachiasmatic nucleus : the mind's clock
Klein, D. C., Moore, R. Y., & Reppert, S. M. (1991) · Cited by 1,715
Methods for cosinor-rhythmometry.
Nelson, W. E., Tong, Y. L., Lee, J. K., & Franz Halberg, A. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 1,701
The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: implications for physiology and disease
Takahashi, J. S., Hong, H.-K., Ko, C. H., & McDearmon, E. L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2430 · Cited by 1,611
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation
Borb, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000894 · Cited by 1,546
A clockwork web: circadian timing in brain and periphery, in health and disease
Hastings, M. H., Reddy, A. B., & Maywood, E. S. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1177 · Cited by 1,223
Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK
Roybal, K., Theobold, D., Graham, A., DiNieri, J. A., Russo, S. J., Krishnan, V., Chakravarty, S., Peevey, J., Oehrlein, N., Birnbaum, S., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609625104 · Cited by 803
Sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder: seeking synchrony, harmony, and regulation
Harvey, A. G. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010098 · Cited by 601
Circadian patterns of gene expression in the human brain and disruption in major depressive disorder
Li, J. Z., Bunney, B. G., Meng, F., Hagenauer, M. H., Walsh, D. M., Vawter, M. P., Evans, S. J., Choudary, P. V., Cartagena, P., Barchas, J. D., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1305814110 · Cited by 589
Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Is a Critical Lithium-Sensitive Component of the Circadian Clock
Yin, L., Wang, J., Klein, P. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1121613 · Cited by 563
Lithium Inhibits Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 by Competition for Magnesium
Ryves, W. J., & Harwood, A. J. (2001) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4169 · Cited by 514
The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings.
Waller, N. G., & Ross, C. A. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.4.499 · Cited by 465
Melatonin and Human Rhythms
Arendt, J. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520500464361 · Cited by 383
The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings.
Waller, N. G., & Ross, C. A. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.4.499 · Cited by 362
Untitled work
(1978) · PubMed · Cited by 355
A chemical biology approach reveals period shortening of the mammalian circadian clock by specific inhibition of GSK-3β
Hirota, T., Lewis, W. G., Liu, A. C., Lee, J. W., Schultz, P. G., & Kay, S. A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0811410106 · Cited by 285
Supersensitivity to light: possible trait marker for manic-depressive illness
Lewy, A. J., Nürnberger, J. I., Wehr, T. A., Pack, D., Becker, L. E., Powell, R. L., & Newsome, D. A. (1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.6.725 · Cited by 284
Properties, Entrainment, and Physiological Functions of Mammalian Peripheral Oscillators
Stratmann, M., & Schibler, U. (2006) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730406293889 · Cited by 277
Circadian rhythm abnormalities of melatonin in Smith-Magenis syndrome
Potocki, L., Glaze, D., Tan, D.-X., Park, S.-S., Kashork, C. D., Shaffer, L. G., Reiter, R. J., & Lupski, J. R. (2000) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.37.6.428 · Cited by 244
Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients
Nürnberger, J. I. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.6.572 · Cited by 243
Circadian Phase Variation in Bipolar I Disorder
Mansour, H. A., Wood, J., Chowdari, K. V., Dayal, M., Thase, M. E., Kupfer, D. J., Monk, T. H., Devlin, B., & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200062413 · Cited by 204
Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome
Leersnyder, H. D., de Blois, M., Claustrat, B., Romana, S. P., Albrecht, U., von Kleist-Retzow, J., Delobel, B., Viot, G., Lyonnet, S., Vekemans, M. J. J., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.115018 · Cited by 198
When Clocks Go Bad: Neurobehavioural Consequences of Disrupted Circadian Timing
Barnard, A. R., & Nolan, P. M. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000040 · Cited by 191
Replicable differences in preferred circadian phase between bipolar disorder patients and control individuals
Wood, J. A., Birmaher, B. B., Axelson, D., Ehmann, M., Kalas, C., Monk, K., Turkin, S. R., Kupfer, D. J., Brent, D. A., Monk, T. H., et al. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.03.003 · Cited by 174
A Survey of Genomic Studies Supports Association of Circadian Clock Genes with Bipolar Disorder Spectrum Illnesses and Lithium Response
McCarthy, M. J., Nievergelt, C. M., Kelsoe, J. R., & Welsh, D. K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032091 · Cited by 172
Lithium Impacts on the Amplitude and Period of the Molecular Circadian Clockwork
Li, J., Lu, W., Beesley, S., Loudon, A. S. I., & Meng, Q. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033292 · Cited by 171
Circadian secretion of cortisol in bipolar disorder.
Cervantes, P., Gelber, S., Kin, F. N. K. N. Y., Nair, V. N. P., & Schwartz, G. J. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 163
Sleep-wake cycle and melatonin rhythms in adolescents and young adults with mood disorders: Comparison of unipolar and bipolar phenotypes
Robillard, R., Naismith, S. L., Rogers, N. L., Scott, E. M., Ip, T. K. C., Hermens, D. F., & Hickie, I. B. (2013) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.04.001 · Cited by 145
Chronotype distribution in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia in a Korean sample
Ahn, Y. M., Chang, J., Joo, Y. H., Kim, S. C., Lee, K. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2008) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00573.x · Cited by 138
Genetic and clinical factors predict lithium’s effects on PER2 gene expression rhythms in cells from bipolar disorder patients
McCarthy, M. J., Wei, H., Marnoy, Z., Darvish, R. M., McPhie, D. L., Cohen, B. M., & Welsh, D. K. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.90 · Cited by 137
Nocturnal melatonin and 24-hour 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels in various phases of bipolar affective disorder
Kennedy, S. H., Kutcher, S., Ralevski, E., & Brown, G. M. (1996) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(96)02910-1 · Cited by 133
β1-adrenergic antagonists and melatonin reset the clock and restore sleep in a circadian disorder, Smith-Magenis syndrome
De Leersnyder, H., Bresson, J. L., de Blois, M.-C., Souberbielle, J.-C., Mogenet, A., Delhotal-Landes, B., Salefranque, F., & Munnich, A. (2003) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.40.1.74 · Cited by 126
Fluoxetine Modulates the Circadian Biological Clock via Phase Advances of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neuronal Firing
Sprouse, J., Braselton, J., & Reynolds, L. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.003 · Cited by 122
Smith-Magenis Syndrome Results in Disruption of CLOCK Gene Transcription and Reveals an Integral Role for RAI1 in the Maintenance of Circadian Rhythmicity
Williams, S. R., Zies, D., Mullegama, S. V., Grotewiel, M. S., & Elsea, S. H. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.013 · Cited by 115
Assessment of circadian function in fibroblasts of patients with bipolar disorder
Yang, S., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Wang, K., Berrettini, W., & Bućan, M. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.10 · Cited by 113
Melatonin suppression in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders
Lam, R. W. M., Berkowitz, A., Berga, S. L., Clark, C. M., Kripke, D. F., & Gillin, J. C. (1990) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(90)90066-e · Cited by 112
The circadian Clock mutation increases exploratory activity and escape-seeking behavior
Easton, A., Arbuzova, J., & Turek, F. W. (2003) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00002.x · Cited by 107
Sleep disturbance and cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder: Toward an integrated examination of disorder maintenance and functional impairment
Boland, E. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.001 · Cited by 101
Valproic Acid Phase Shifts the Rhythmic Expression of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE
Johansson, A.-S., Brask, J., Owe-Larsson, B., Hetta, J., & Lundkvist, G. B. S. (2011) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730411419775 · Cited by 97
Lithium- and Valproate-Induced Alterations in Circadian Locomotor Behavior in Drosophila
Dokucu, M. E., Yu, L., & Taghert, P. H. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300764 · Cited by 96
Circadian biomarkers, circadian genes and bipolar disorders
Milhiet, V., Étain, B., Boudebesse, C., & Bellivier, F. (2011) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.07.002 · Cited by 91
Effect of Sodium Valproate on Nocturnal Melatonin Sensitivity to Light in Healthy Volunteers
Hallam, K. T., Olver, J. S., & Norman, T. R. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300739 · Cited by 86
Melatonin and Cortisol “Switches” during Mania, Depression, and Euthymia in a Drug-Free Bipolar Patient
Kennedy, S. H., Tighe, S. A., McVey, G. L., & Brown, G. M. (1989) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198905000-00009 · Cited by 78
Altered expression of circadian rhythm genes among individuals with a history of depression
Gouin, J., Connors, J., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Glaser, R., Malarkey, W. B., Atkinson, C., Beversdorf, D. Q., & Quan, N. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.002 · Cited by 72
Diurnal alterations in circadian genes and peptides in major depressive disorder before and after escitalopram treatment
Li, S., Liu, L.-J., Xu, L., Gao, L., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Lü, L. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.009 · Cited by 71
Photic Entrainment of the Mammalian Rhythm in Melatonin Production
Illnerová, H., & Sumová, A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049701200609 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Salivary Melatonin Rhythm as a Marker of the Circadian System in Healthy Children and Those With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Nováková, M., Paclt, I., Ptáček, R., Kuželová, H., Hájek, I., & Sumová, A. (2011) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.596983 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Alterations to Plasma Melatonin and Cortisol After Evening Alprazolam Administration in Humans
McIntyre, I. M., Norman, T. R., Burrows, G. D., & Armstrong, S. M. (1993) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529309073889 · Cited by 60
Effect of antidepressants on melatonin metabolite in depressed patients
Carvalho, L. A., Gorenstein, C., Moreno, R. A., Pariante, C. M., & Markus, R. P. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108089871 · Cited by 59
Human Chronotype Is Determined in Bodily Cells Under Real-Life Conditions
Nováková, M., Sládek, M., & Sumová, A. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.754455 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Circadian rhythm disorder in a rare disease: Smith–Magenis syndrome
De Leersnyder, H., Claustrat, B., Munnich, A., & Verloes, A. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.043 · Cited by 56
Further evidence for ClockΔ19 mice as a model for bipolar disorder mania using cross-species tests of exploration and sensorimotor gating
van Enkhuizen, J., Minassian, A., & Young, J. W. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.023 · Cited by 54
Preliminary Observations on the Suppression of Nocturnal Plasma Melatonin Levels by Short‐Term Administration of Diazepam in Humans
Monteleone, P., Forziati, D., Orazzo, C., & Maj, M. (1989) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1989.tb00421.x · Cited by 52
Salivary and plasma measures of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Leibenluft, E., Feldman‐Naim, S., Turner, E. H., Schwartz, P. J., & Wehr, T. A. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00488-2 · Cited by 51
Alteration of the Circadian Clock in Children with Smith-Magenis Syndrome
Nováková, M., Nevšímalová, S., Příhodová, I., Sládek, M., & Sumová, A. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2750 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Circadian abnormalities as markers of susceptibility in bipolar disorders
Étain, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar · doi:10.2741/s419 · Cited by 49
Evaluation of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitors on light-induced phase advances in hamster circadian activity rhythms
Gannon, R. L., & Millan, M. J. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0903-z · Cited by 47
Different mechanisms of phase delays and phase advances of the circadian rhythm in rat pineal N-acetyltransferase activity.
Illnerová, H., Vanĕcek, J., & Hoffmann, K. H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 42
Different Mechanisms of Phase Delays and Phase Advances of the Circadian Rhythm in Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase Activity
Illnerová, H., Vaněčk, J., & Hoffmann, K. H. (1989) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873048900400207 · Cited by 40
Egr1 regulates lithium-induced transcription of the Period 2 (PER2) gene
Kim, S. H., Yu, H. S., Park, H. G., Ahn, Y. M., Kim, Y. S., Lee, Y. H., Ha, K., & Shin, S. Y. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.010 · Cited by 27
Effects of Diazepam and Its Metabolites on Nocturnal Melatonin Secretion in the Rat Pineal and Harderian Glands. A Comparative In Vivo and In Vitro Study
Djeridane, Y., & Touitou, Y. (2003) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120018579 · Cited by 18
Effects of Diazepam Administration on Melatonin Synthesis in the Rat Pineal Gland in Vivo.
WAKABAYASHI, H., Shimada, K., & Satoh, T. (1991) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.39.2674 · Cited by 13
Effect of fluoxetine on circadian rhythm of melatonin in patients with major depressive disorder.
Muli, J. M., Seckova, S., Sladeckova, V., Steno, J., Adamcova, J., Rabarova, L., Takacova, M., Polonova, J., Dudasova, T., Pauerova, K., et al. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 10

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field
Abi‐Dargham, A., Moeller, S. J., Ali, F., DeLorenzo, C., Domschke, K., Horga, G., Jutla, A., Kotov, R., Paulus, M. P., Rubio, J. M., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21078 · Cited by 421
Chronotype and circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Melo, M. C. A., Abreu, R. L. C., Linhares Neto, V. B., de Bruin, P. F. C., & de Bruin, V. M. S. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.007 · Cited by 324
Chronotype and mental health: recent advances
Taylor, B. J., & Hasler, B. P. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0925-8 · Cited by 289
Biological hypotheses and biomarkers of bipolar disorder
Sigitova, E., Fišar, Z., Hroudová, J., Cikánková, T., & Raboch, J. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12476 · Cited by 257
Circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A review of the literature
Takaesu, Y. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12688 · Cited by 239

See all 123

Authors: Nováková, M., Praško, J., Látalová, K., Sládek, M., & Sumová, A.
Affiliations: Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
University Hospital Olomouc (CZ)
Corresponding author: Sumová, Alena
ORCID: Praško, Ján
Látalová, Klára
Sládek, Martin
Sumová, Alena
Venue: Bipolar Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-10-31
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 303-314
ISSN: 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12270
OpenAlex: W2037434269
Cited by: 123
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10
FWCI: 5.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 305 d)
Locations: Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ASEP (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders: Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (NT11474-4/2010)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: bipolar disorder, circadian system, mania, depression, melatonin, saliva melatonin, Per1, NR1D1, clock genes, buccal mucosa, sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm
MeSH terms: Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Mouth Mucosa, RNA, Messenger, Saliva, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Chronobiology Disorders, Period Circadian Proteins, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1, Circadian Clocks, Transcriptome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The circadian system of patients with bipolar disorder differs in episodes of mania and depression

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks