Behaviour change techniques associated with adherence to prescribed exercise in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Systematic review

Meade, Laura B.; Bearne, Lindsay M.; Sweeney, Louise H.; Alageel, Samah H.; Godfrey, Emma L.

doi:10.1111/bjhp.12324

Cited by 152Behavioral Health and InterventionsMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationHealth Policy Implementation Science

Behaviour change techniques associated with adherence to prescribed exercise in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Systematic review

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Meade, Laura B., Bearne, Lindsay M., Sweeney, Louise H., Alageel, Samah H., Godfrey, Emma L.·2019·British Journal of Health Psychology

DOI 10.1111/bjhp.12324PMC PMC6585717

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Exercise (planned, structured, repetitive movement) improves pain and function in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain (PMSK), but adherence is often poor. This systematic review evaluates the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of interventions to improve exercise adherence in people with PMSK and describes the content, context, and theoretical underpinning of behaviour change interventions designed to increase adherence. METHODS: Nine electronic databases were searched from inception dates to August 2017. Studies were included if they were RCTs that included adults with PMSK ≥3 months; ≥one measure of exercise adherence, exercise prescribed to both groups, and employed ≥one behaviour change technique (BCT) in the treatment group. Independent data extraction, theory coding, BCT taxonomy coding, and quality assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool was conducted by two reviewers. RESULTS: Eight RCTs (five low, three high RoB) met inclusion criteria. Five trials reported between-group differences in exercise adherence, favouring the treatment group. Three trials reported theoretical underpinning. There was moderate evidence that five BCTs, social support, goal setting, instruction of behaviour, demonstration of behaviour, and practice/rehearsal, improved exercise adherence. Interventions employing ≤seven BCTs, unique to those included in the control group, were most effective at enhancing exercise adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Limited moderate-quality evidence supports using a small number of BCTs to enhance exercise adherence in people with PMSK. Further research should explore the associations and synergies between BCTs and explicitly report how theory was utilized. This may inform recommendations for health care professionals working with this population. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Exercise (i.e., planned, structured, repetitive movements) improves pain and function in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain (PMSK). Many people with PMSK do not adhere to exercises prescribed by a health care professional. Little research has explored how to enhance adherence to prescribed exercise in people with PMSK. What does this study add? Moderate-quality evidence from eight trials suggests behaviour change interventions enhance exercise adherence. Social support, goal setting, demonstration, instruction, and rehearsal were employed in effective interventions. Interventions with ≤7 behaviour change techniques were more effective at improving adherence than those employing >7.

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The labor of psychologists may enhance adherence to exercise by conducting different behavioral change techniques or cognitive-behavioral programs.
“Furthermore, the labor of psychologists may enhance adherence to exercise by conducting different behavioral change techniques or cognitive-behavioral programs [49,50,55,56,60,65].”
From Key Factors Associated with Adherence to Physical Exercise in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Older Adults: An Umbrella Review (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports moderate-quality evidence that interventions incorporating behaviour change techniques can improve adherence to prescribed exercise in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain. The Results, ‘Context of the interventions’ (page unavailable), include one psychologist-delivered trial with greater adherence, but the Discussion says there is minimal evidence favoring one provider over another. The review therefore supports the possible benefit of these techniques, not a distinct benefit from psychologists’ involvement or from cognitive-behavioral programs specifically. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Enhancing exercise adherence in a population with persistent musculoskeletal pain : the development and preliminary testing of a complex behaviour change intervention
Meade, L. B. (2020)

Authors: Meade, L. B., Bearne, L. M., Sweeney, L. H., Alageel, S. H., & Godfrey, E. L.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Meade, Laura B.
Godfrey, Emma L.
ORCID: Meade, Laura B.
Bearne, Lindsay M.
Sweeney, Louise H.
Alageel, Samah H.
Godfrey, Emma L.
Venue: British Journal of Health Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-06-17
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 10-30
ISSN: 1359-107X (ISSN-L)
2044-8287
DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12324
PMC: PMC6585717
OpenAlex: W2803407939
Cited by: 152
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 1.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: British Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Repository (Kingston University London) (acceptedVersion)
St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Keywords: behaviour change techniques, exercise adherence, chronic musculoskeletal pain, behaviour change interventions, social support, goal setting, BCT taxonomy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult, Musculoskeletal Pain

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Behaviour change techniques associated with adherence to prescribed exercise in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Systematic review

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