Alpha‐Synuclein as a Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized pathologically by the presence of α‐synuclein (α‐syn)‐rich Lewy bodies. As clinical diagnosis of PD is challenging, misdiagnosis is common, highlighting the need for disease‐specific and early stage biomarkers. Both early diagnosis of PD and adequate tracking of disease progression could significantly improve outcomes for patients, particularly in regard to existing and future disease modifying treatments. Given its critical roles in PD pathogenesis, α‐syn may be useful as a biomarker of PD. The aim of this review is, therefore, to summarize the efficacy of tissue and body fluid α‐syn measurements in the detection of PD as well as monitoring disease progression. In comparison to solid tissue specimens and biopsies, biofluid α‐syn levels may be the most promising candidates in PD diagnosis and progression based on specificity, sensitivity and availability. Although α‐syn has been tested most extensively in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the relatively invasive procedure for collecting CSF is not suitable in most clinical settings, leading to investigation of plasma, blood and saliva as alternatives. The exploration of combined biomarkers, along with α‐syn, to improve diagnostic accuracy is also likely required.
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Although elevated concentrations of α-syn in blood have been proposed as an early biomarker of Parkinson's disease, identifying brain-derived α-syn is challenging due to its ubiquitous presence in different tissues, such as CSF, blood, saliva, tears, and peripheral tissues.
“Although elevated concentrations of α-syn in blood have been proposed as an early biomarker of Parkinson’s disease, identifying brain-derived α-syn is challenging due to its ubiquitous presence in different tissues, such as CSF, blood, saliva, tears, and peripheral tissues [145, 146].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [146]
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- Authors
- Atik, A., Stewart, T., & Zhang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Zhang, Jing
- Venue
- Brain Pathology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-04-25
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 410-418
- ISSN
- 1015-6305 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-3639
- PMC
- PMC6245641
- OpenAlex
- W2289901196
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Pathology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) (U01 NS082137, P30 ES007033-6364, R01 AG033398, R01 ES016873, R01 ES019277, R01 NS057567, and P50 NS062684-6221)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- alpha-synuclein, Parkinson's disease, biomarkers, Lewy bodies, early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood, saliva, combined biomarkers, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Parkinson Disease, Biomarkers, alpha-Synuclein
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