The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parent Praise to 1- to 3-Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later
Open accessAbstract
In laboratory studies, praising children's effort encourages them to adopt incremental motivational frameworks—they believe ability is malleable, attribute success to hard work, enjoy challenges, and generate strategies for improvement. In contrast, praising children's inherent abilities encourages them to adopt fixed-ability frameworks. Does the praise parents spontaneously give children at home show the same effects? Although parents' early praise of inherent characteristics was not associated with children's later fixed-ability frameworks, parents' praise of children's effort at 14–38 months (N = 53) did predict incremental frameworks at 7–8 years, suggesting that causal mechanisms identified in experimental work may be operating in home environments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
Self-citationMindset: The New Psychology of Success
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2397 · Cited by 7,804
Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x · Cited by 3,784
Self-citationAronson, J., Fried, C. B., & Good, C. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1491 · Cited by 1,889
Early vocabulary growth: relation to language input and gender
Huttenlocher, J., Haight, W., Bryk, A., Seltzer, M., & Lyons, T. (1991) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.236 · Cited by 1,783
Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance.
Mueller, C. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33 · Cited by 1,709 · cited 12×
“…that the person praise parents give their children when they are young toddlers may differ from the kinds of person praise given to school-aged children and from the kinds of person praise given in experimental studies (e.g., Kamins & Dweck, 1999; Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Cimpian et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationImplicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.
Hong, Y.-Y., Chiu, C.-Y., Dweck, C. S., Lin, D. M.-S., & Wan, W. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588 · Cited by 1,358
Self-citationGood, C., Aronson, J., & Inzlicht, M. (2003) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002 · Cited by 1,096
Stereotype formation and endorsement: The role of implicit theories.
Levy, S. R., Stroessner, S. J., & Dweck, C. S. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1421 · Cited by 968
Self-citationMeece, J. L., Glienke, B. B., & Burg, S. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.004 · Cited by 743
The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis.
Corpus, J. H., & Lepper, M. R. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.774 · Cited by 664
Person versus process praise and criticism: Implications for contingent self-worth and coping.
Kamins, M. L., & Dweck, C. S. (1999) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.3.835 · Cited by 659 · cited 9×
“…that the person praise parents give their children when they are young toddlers may differ from the kinds of person praise given to school-aged children and from the kinds of person praise given in experimental studies (e.g., Kamins & Dweck, 1999; Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Cimpian et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationDweck, C. S., Davidson, W. B., Nelson, S. A., & Enna, B. (1978) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.14.3.268 · Cited by 580
Self-citationParents explain more often to boys than to girls during shared scientific thinking
Crowley, K., Callanan, M. A., Tenenbaum, H. R., & Allen, E. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00347 · Cited by 482
What counts in the development of young children's number knowledge?
Levine, S. C., Suriyakham, L. W., Rowe, M. L., Huttenlocher, J., & Gunderson, E. A. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019671 · Cited by 480
Self-citationSubtle Linguistic Cues Affect Children's Motivation
Cimpian, A., Arce, H.-M. C., Markman, E. M., & Dweck, C. S. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01896.x · Cited by 364 · cited 9×
“…that the person praise parents give their children when they are young toddlers may differ from the kinds of person praise given to school-aged children and from the kinds of person praise given in experimental studies (e.g., Kamins & Dweck, 1999; Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Cimpian et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe Pace of Vocabulary Growth Helps Predict Later Vocabulary Skill
Rowe, M. L., Raudenbush, S. W., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01710.x · Cited by 350
Self-citationIndividual Differences in Achievement Goals among Young Children
Smiley, P. A., & Dweck, C. S. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00845.x · Cited by 326
Self-citationThe Perils and Promises of Praise
Dweck, C. S. (2007) · Educational leadership · Cited by 311
Self-citationChildren's Implicit Personality Theories as Predictors of Their Social Judgments
Erdley, C. A., & Dweck, C. S. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02948.x · Cited by 295
Self-citationPredictors of Depressive Cognitions in Young Adolescents
Garber, J., & Flynn, C. (2001) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005530402239 · Cited by 278
Stipek, D. J., & Gralinski, J. H. (1991) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.83.3.361 · Cited by 276
(2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.0037-976x.2004.00296.x · Cited by 251
Dweck, C. S., & Bush, E. S. (1976) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.12.2.147 · Cited by 235
Self-citationThe Impact of Children's Static versus Dynamic Conceptions of People on Stereotype Formation
Levy, S. R., & Dweck, C. S. (1999) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00085 · Cited by 191
Self-citationChildren's Thinking about Traits: Implications for Judgments of the Self and Others
Heyman, G. D., & Dweck, C. S. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1132173 · Cited by 190
Self-citationNg, F. F.-Y., Pomerantz, E. M., & Lam, S.-F. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1239 · Cited by 182
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Tashman, N. A., Berrebbi, D. S., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Crossfield, A. G., & Morocco, A. (2001) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005534503148 · Cited by 174
Children's thinking about traits: implications for judgments of the self and others.
Heyman, G. D., & Dweck, C. S. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 174
Self-citation(2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2004.06901001.x · Cited by 152
Corpus, J. H., & Lepper, M. R. (2007) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410601159852 · Cited by 143
Zentall, S. R., & Morris, B. J. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.04.015 · Cited by 126
Ng, F. F. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e517202010-002 · Cited by 116
Gender Differences in Attributions for Success and Failure Situations Across/Subject Areas
Ryckman, D. B., & Peckham, P. D. (1987) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.1987.10885808 · Cited by 79
The impact of generic language about ability on children's achievement motivation.
Cimpian, A. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019665 · Cited by 72
Children's Theories of Intelligence: Beliefs, Goals, and Motivation in the Elementary Years
Kinlaw, C. R., & Kurtz‐Costes, B. (2007) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.3200/genp.134.3.295-312 · Cited by 66
Gelman (2004) · doi:10.1111/j.0037-976x.2004.00274.x · Cited by 59
Giles, J. W., & Heyman, G. D. (2003) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00228 · Cited by 59
The role of mothers' control in children's mastery orientation: A time frame analysis.
Kim, E. M., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2008) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.5.734 · Cited by 57
Academic attribution of secondary students: gender, year level and achievement level
Mok, M. M. C., Kennedy, K. J., & Moore, P. J. (2010) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2010.518596 · Cited by 44
GENDERED LANGUAGE AND SEXIST THOUGHT
Leaper, C., & Bigler, R. S. (2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.0037-976x.2004.00283.x · Cited by 32
Cited by
Mindsets: A View From Two Eras
Dweck, C. S., & Yeager, D. S. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618804166 · Cited by 1,259
Self-citationPutting Education in “Educational” Apps: Lessons From the Science of Learning
Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., & Kaufman, J. (2015) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100615569721 · Cited by 1,049
Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices: a content map to guide future research
Vaughn, A. E., Ward, D. S., Fisher, J. O., Faith, M. S., Hughes, S. O., Kremers, S. P. J., Musher-Eizenman, D. R., O’Connor, T. M., Patrick, H., & Power, T. G. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv061 · Cited by 649
Wise interventions: Psychological remedies for social and personal problems.
Walton, G. M., & Wilson, T. D. (2018) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000115 · Cited by 617
Parents’ Views of Failure Predict Children’s Fixed and Growth Intelligence Mind-Sets
Haimovitz, K., & Dweck, C. S. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616639727 · Cited by 383
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gunderson, E. A., Gripshover, S. J., Romero, C., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Levine, S. C.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1526-1541
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2139138901
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 32.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.