Beyond Stimulus Deprivation: Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Deficits in Postinstitutionalized Children
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Children adopted from institutions have been studied as models of the impact of stimulus deprivation on cognitive development (Nelson, Bos, Gunnar, & Sonuga-Barke, 2011), but these children may also suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Fuglestad et al., 2008). The contributions of iron deficiency (ID) and duration of deprivation on cognitive functioning in children adopted from institutions between 17 and 36 months of age were examined. ID was assessed in 55 children soon after adoption, and cognitive functioning was evaluated 11–14.6 months postadoption when the children averaged 37.4 months old ( SD = 4.9). ID at adoption and longer duration of institutional care independently predicted lower IQ scores and executive function (EF) performance. IQ did not mediate the association between ID and EF.
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Experiences of neglect in physical and psychosocial domains are independently associated with child outcomes.
“there is evidence that experiences of neglect in physical and psychosocial domains are independently associated with child outcomes (Doom et al., 2014).”
From The neglect–enrichment continuum: Characterizing variation in early caregiving environments (2019) · cites this paper as Doom et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Doom, J. R., Gunnar, M. R., Georgieff, M. K., Kroupina, M. G., Frenn, K., Fuglestad, A. J., & Carlson, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Doom, Jenalee R
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1805-1812
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- PMC
- PMC4156571
- OpenAlex
- W2021094194
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Minnesota (MH080905, MH078105, R01HD051495)
- NIMH (T32MH015755)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Keywords
- iron deficiency, institutionalized children, cognitive impairment, executive function, IQ, micronutrient deficiency, stimulus deprivation, adoption, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Iron Deficiencies, Adoption, Child, Institutionalized, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Infant, Intelligence, Iron, Sensory Deprivation, Time Factors, Executive Function
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