The puzzling construction of the conidial outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus
Abstract
If the mycelium of Aspergillus fumigatus is very short-lived in the laboratory, conidia can survive for years. This survival capacity and extreme resistance to environmental insults is a major biological characteristic of this fungal species. Moreover, conidia, which easily reach the host alveola, are the infective propagules. Earlier studies have shown the role of some molecules of the outer conidial layer in protecting the fungus against the host defense. The outer layer of the conidial cell wall, directly in contact with the host cells, consists of α-(1,3)-glucan, melanin, and proteinaceous rodlets. This study is focused on the global importance of this outer layer. Single and multiple mutants without one to three major components of the outer layer were constructed and studied. The results showed that the absence of the target molecules resulting from multiple gene deletions led to unexpected phenotypes without any logical additivity. Unexpected compensatory cell wall surface modifications were indeed observed, such as the synthesis of the mycelial virulence factor galactosaminogalactan, the increase in chitin and glycoprotein concentration or particular changes in permeability. However, sensitivity of the multiple mutants to killing by phagocytic host cells confirmed the major importance of melanin in protecting conidia.
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The presence of these molecules on the conidial surface is responsible for stimulation of the immune response.
“The presence of these molecules on the conidial surface also is responsible for stimulation of the immune response (241, 477, 478).”
From Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019 (2019) · cites this paper as [478]
All single and multiple mutants are characterized by emergence on the conidial surface of a layer of (glyco)proteins covering the rodlets, responsible for conidial hydrophilicity even though rodlets are present.
“All of these single and multiple mutants are characterized by the emergence on the conidial surface of a layer of (glyco)proteins covering the rodlets, which is responsible for conidial hydrophilicity, even though the rodlets are present.”
From Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019 (2019) · cites this paper as [478]
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Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019
Latgé, J.-P., & Chamilos, G. (2019) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00140-18 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Valsecchi, I., Dupres, V., Michel, J., Duchateau, M., Matondo, M., Chamilos, G., Saveanu, C., Guijarro, J. I., Aimanianda, V., Lafont, F., Latgé, J., & Beauvais, A.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Centre for Infection and Immunity of LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille‐CNRS UMR8204‐INSERM U1019‐ CHRU Lille‐University Lille France
- University of Crete (GR)
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Beauvais, Anne
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cellular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-18
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e12994
- ISSN
- 1462-5814 (ISSN-L)
- 1462-5822
- OpenAlex
- W2903969552
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Cellular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR‐10‐EQPX‐04‐01, FUNHYDRO ANR‐16S‐CE110020‐01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- Aspergillus fumigatus, melanin, α-1,3-glucan, galactosaminogalactan, chitin, fungal virulence, conidial survival, phagocytosis, deletion mutants
- MeSH terms
- Caspofungin, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Azoles, Benzenesulfonates, Cell Wall, Chitin, Congo Red, Fungal Proteins, Glucans, Glycoproteins, Humans, Melanins, Monocytes, Phagocytes, Polysaccharides, Pyocyanine, Spores, Fungal, Mycelium, Virulence Factors, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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