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Cited by 153Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Brain energy metabolism: Astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Chen, Zhenlei, Yuan, Ziqi, Yang, Shangchen, Zhu, Yufei, Xue, Maoqiang, Zhang, Jie, Leng, Lige·2023·CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
DOI 10.1111/cns.13982PMC PMC9804080
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Abstract

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain. They have many important functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including the maintenance of glutamate and ion homeostasis, the elimination of oxidative stress, energy storage in glycogen, tissue repair, regulating synaptic activity by releasing neurotransmitters, and participating in synaptic formation. Astrocytes have special highly ramified structure. Their branches contact with synapses of neurons inwardly, with fine structure and wrapping synapses; their feet contact with blood vessels of brain parenchyma outward, almost wrapping the whole brain. The adjacent astrocytes rarely overlap and communicate with each other through gap junction channels. The ideal location of astrocytes enables them to sense the weak changes of their surroundings and provide the structural basis for the energy supply of neurons. Neurons and astrocytes are closely coupled units of energy metabolism in the brain. Neurons consume a lot of ATPs in the process of neurotransmission. Astrocytes provide metabolic substrates for neurons, maintain high activity of neuron, and facilitate information transmission of neurons. This article reviews the characteristics of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism of astrocytes. The metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, astrocytes and microglia were also detailed discussed. Finally, we classified analyzed the role of metabolic disorder of astrocytes in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases.

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  • As neurons acquire maturity and brain total cholesterol reaches a plateau, astrocytes become largely responsible for maintaining lipid homeostasis in the brain.

    “Neurons and astrocytes synthesize cholesterol in development, but as neurons acquire maturity and brain total cholesterol reaches a plateau stage, astrocytes become largely responsible for maintaining lipid homeostasis in the brain (Jin et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2023).”

    From Astrocytes in fragile X syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2023

    The “Lipid metabolism of astrocytes” section describes astrocytes as a main site of cholesterol synthesis and essential to brain lipid homeostasis. It does not describe a developmental shift in responsibility as neurons mature or say that total brain cholesterol reaches a plateau; the “Metabolic interaction between astrocytes and neurons” section does not establish that timing either. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Glucose can follow other fates besides lactate.

    “Accordingly, glucose can follow other fates besides lactate [54,55].”

    From Proliferating Astrocytes in Primary Culture Do Not Depend upon Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I Activity or Oxidative Phosphorylation (2023) · cites this paper as [54]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Chen, Z., Yuan, Z., Yang, S., Zhu, Y., Xue, M., Zhang, J., & Leng, L.
Affiliations
Xiamen University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Jie
  • Leng, Lige
ORCID
Venue
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-10-03
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
24-36
ISSN
  • 1755-5930 (ISSN-L)
  • 1755-5949
DOI
10.1111/cns.13982
PMC
PMC9804080
OpenAlex
W4301392022
Cited by
153
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 2
FWCI
4.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801337, 82071520)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
astrocytes, brain energy metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, astrocyte-microglia interaction, glutamate homeostasis, oxidative stress, glycogen
MeSH terms
Astrocytes, Brain, Central Nervous System, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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