Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Individuals with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To synthesize the evidence about the main intervention characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) for individuals with cerebral palsy and identify barriers and facilitators to their success, focusing on aspects of feasibility and markers of success. METHOD: A scoping review methodology informed a literature search for papers published between 1991 and 2021. Articles were screened, reviewed, and categorized using the DistillerSR systematic review software, and critically appraised for quantitative and/or qualitative criteria. RESULTS: Out of 1265 publications identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Elements associated with the specific study participant characteristics (46% female; aged 6-65 years), type of CBT techniques used (third-wave [n = 6], cognitive [n = 3], cognitive and behavioral [n = 2], biofeedback training [n = 2]), and features of the study context and methodological quality (two randomized clinical trials and small sample sizes [n ≤ 12]), were identified. Most studies had psychological targets of intervention (n = 10) and secondary physiological (n = 3) or social (n = 2) objectives. Feasibility indicators were described in nearly one-third of the papers. INTERPRETATION: This study highlights the high flexibility within CBT interventions, enabling their adaptation for individuals with cerebral palsy. However, relatively little, and only low-certainty evidence was identified. More high-quality research in terms of specific CBT techniques, optimal treatment doses, and detailed population characteristics are needed.
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The literature base on CBT for individuals with CP is limited by small sample sizes and a wide age range within the available studies.
“The literature base on CBT for this group is limited by small sample sizes and a wide age range within the available studies [61].”
From The Mental Health of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Last Five Years of Research (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
In a scoping review, Silberg et al. [61] reported that CBT can be adapted for the CP population.
“In a scoping review on Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) for individuals with CP, Silberg et al. [61] reported that CBT can be adapted for the CP population.”
From The Mental Health of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Last Five Years of Research (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
Positive outcomes were reported on various objectives in all studies in a scoping review on CBT for individuals with CP, but no concrete determination on the evidence of CBT for individuals with CP could be drawn.
“Positive outcomes were reported on various objectives in all studies in a scoping review on this subject, but no concrete determination on the evidence of CBT for individuals with CP could be drawn [61].”
From The Mental Health of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Last Five Years of Research (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Silberg, T., Kapil, N., Caven, I., Levac, D., & Fehlings, D.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Silberg, Tamar
- Fehlings, Darcy
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-02
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1012-1028
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- OpenAlex
- W4318928762
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine
- Bloorview Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, cerebral palsy, third-wave therapies, biofeedback training, psychological intervention, feasibility, barriers and facilitators, treatment outcomes, intervention adaptation, treatment dose
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Palsy, Female, Humans, Male, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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