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Cited by 30Schizophrenia research and treatmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

Elevated emotion reactivity and emotion regulation in individuals at clinical high risk for developing psychosis and those diagnosed with a psychotic disorder

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Vines, Leah, Bridgwater, Miranda, Bachman, Peter, Hayes, Rebecca, Catalano, Sabrina, Jalbrzikowski, Maria·2022·Early Intervention in Psychiatry
DOI 10.1111/eip.13212PMC PMC10282844
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Abstract

Aims: Disrupted affective processes are core features of psychosis; yet emotion reactivity and emotion regulation impairments have not been fully characterized in individuals at clinical high‐risk for developing psychosis (CHR) or adolescents diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (AOP). Characterizing these impairments may provide a fuller understanding of factors contributing to psychosis risk and psychosis onset. Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal data, we evaluated (1) group‐level effects of emotion reactivity and regulation, (2) stability of group‐level effects over time and age, (3) relationships between emotion reactivity and regulation, and (4) associations between these measures and psychosocial functioning and clinical symptomatology. Methods: Eighty‐seven participants (CHR = 32, TD = 42, AOP = 13; 12–25 years, 1–5 visits) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We assessed psychotic symptoms with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and measured real‐world functioning with the Global Functioning: Social and Role Scales. We used analysis of variance to assess Aim 1 and linear mixed models to address Aims 2–4. Results: CHR and AOP endorsed experiencing heightened levels of emotion reactivity and greater difficulty utilizing emotion regulation strategies compared to TD. These impairments were stable across time and adolescent development. Greater levels of emotion reactivity were associated with greater emotion regulation impairments. Greater impairments in emotion regulation were associated with lower social functioning and greater negative symptom severity. Conclusion: Therapeutic interventions designed to reduce emotion reactivity and improve one's ability to utilize emotion regulation strategies may be effective in reducing clinical symptomatology and improving real‐world functioning in CHR and AOP.

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  • Emotion-related factors such as reduced emotional awareness, emotional regulation, negative affect and emotional suppression are associated with poor social functioning in psychosis.

    “Furthermore, emotion‐related factors included reduced emotional awareness (Kimhy et al. 2012; Kimhy et al. 2016), and emotional regulation (Vines et al. 2022), negative affect (Grove et al. 2016) and emotional suppression (Perry et al. 2011).”

    From Social Functioning Interventions in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. (2025) · cites this paper as Vines et al. 2022

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Vines, L., Bridgwater, M., Bachman, P., Hayes, R., Catalano, S., & Jalbrzikowski, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Jalbrzikowski, Maria
ORCID
Venue
Early Intervention in Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-09-15
Volume
16
Issue
7
Pages
724-735
ISSN
  • 1751-7885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-7893
DOI
10.1111/eip.13212
PMC
PMC10282844
OpenAlex
W3200276881
Cited by
30
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Early Intervention in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (K01MH112774, K23MH097040)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords
emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, clinical high risk for psychosis, psychosis, adolescents, social functioning, negative symptoms, prodromal psychosis, emotion regulation strategies, longitudinal stability
MeSH terms
Emotional Regulation, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Prodromal Symptoms

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