Emotion awareness and regulation in individuals with schizophrenia: Implications for social functioning
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Successful social functioning requires adaptive forms of emotion awareness and regulation. However, despite well-documented deficits in social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia, little is known about emotion awareness and regulation in this population. Therefore, we compared emotion awareness and regulation in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and then, within the schizophrenia group, we examined their impact on social functioning. Forty-four individuals with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls completed measures of emotion awareness, emotion regulation, and social functioning, in addition to control measures, including neurocognitive functioning. Compared to controls, individuals with schizophrenia displayed significant deficits describing and identifying their emotions and used significantly less reappraisal and more suppression to regulate their emotions. Among the schizophrenia group, better social functioning was associated with the ability to identify, and in particular to describe emotions, better emotion management, as well as greater use of reappraisal and less use of suppression. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for age and neurocognition, difficulties describing feelings accounted for 35% of the social functioning variance. The present study highlights the importance of emotion awareness and regulation in schizophrenia, pointing to their substantial influence on social functioning above and beyond the impact of neurocognitive functioning.
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Emotion-related factors such as reduced emotional awareness, emotional regulation, negative affect and emotional suppression are associated with poor social functioning in psychosis.
“Furthermore, emotion‐related factors included reduced emotional awareness (Kimhy et al. 2012; Kimhy et al. 2016), and emotional regulation (Vines et al. 2022), negative affect (Grove et al. 2016) and emotional suppression (Perry et al. 2011).”
From Social Functioning Interventions in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. (2025) · cites this paper as Kimhy et al. 2012
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kimhy, D., Vakhrusheva, J., Jobson-Ahmed, L., Tarrier, N., Malaspina, D., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kimhy, David
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 193-201
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3469754
- OpenAlex
- W2108602008
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, emotional awareness, emotion regulation, social functioning, emotion recognition, emotion description, cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, emotional management, neurocognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Awareness, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Social Control, Informal
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