Cited by 856Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsEpilepsy research and treatmentPain Management and Placebo Effect

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Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force

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LaFrance, W. Curt, Baker, Gus A., Duncan, Rod, Goldstein, Laura H., Reuber, Markus·2013·Epilepsia

DOI 10.1111/epi.12356

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Abstract

An international consensus group of clinician-researchers in epilepsy, neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry collaborated with the aim of developing clear guidance on standards for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Because the gold standard of video electroencephalography (vEEG) is not available worldwide, or for every patient, the group delineated a staged approach to PNES diagnosis. Using a consensus review of the literature, this group evaluated key diagnostic approaches. These included: history, EEG, ambulatory EEG, vEEG/monitoring, neurophysiologic, neurohumoral, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, hypnosis, and conversation analysis. Levels of diagnostic certainty were developed including possible, probable, clinically established, and documented diagnosis, based on the availability of history, witnessed event, and investigations, including vEEG. The aim and hope of this report is to provide greater clarity about the process and certainty of the diagnosis of PNES, with the intent to improve the care for people with epilepsy and nonepileptic seizures.

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“Histories of urinary incontinence and injury (Luther et al., 1982; Wilkus et al., 1984; Gumnit & Gates, 1986; Meierkord et al., 1991; Peguero et al., 1995; Reuber et al., 2003a) are poor discriminators, and PNES are just as likely to be stereotyped as ES (Gulick et al., 1982; Devinsky et al., 1996).”
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Authors: LaFrance, W. C., Baker, G. A., Duncan, R., Goldstein, L. H., & Reuber, M.
Affiliations: Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Rhode Island Hospital Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
University of Liverpool (GB)
Christchurch Hospital (NZ)
King's College London (GB)
Royal Hallamshire Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Baker, Gus A.
Goldstein, Laura H.
Reuber, Markus
Venue: Epilepsia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-09-20
Volume: 54
Issue: 11
Pages: 2005-2018
ISSN: 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
1528-1167
DOI: 10.1111/epi.12356
OpenAlex: W1946832819
Cited by: 856
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 4.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
Licence: other-oa
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords: psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, diagnosis, video electroencephalography, diagnostic certainty, hypnosis, conversation analysis, neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment, medical history, non-epileptic seizures
MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential, Electroencephalography, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Neuropsychological Tests, Seizures, Advisory Committees

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Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force

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