Trauma, stress, and preconscious threat processing in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Purpose: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) have long been considered as paroxysmal dissociative symptoms characterized by an alteration of attentional functions caused by severe stress or trauma. Although interpersonal trauma is common in PNES, the proposed relation between trauma and attentional functions remains under explored. We examined the attentional processing of social threat in PNES in relation to interpersonal trauma and acute psychological stress. Methods: A masked emotional Stroop test, comparing color‐naming latencies for backwardly masked angry, neutral, and happy faces, was administered to 19 unmedicated patients with PNES and 20 matched healthy controls, at baseline and in a stress condition. Stress was induced by means of the Trier Social Stress Test and physiologic stress parameters, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol, were measured throughout the experiment. Results: No group differences related to the acute stress induction were found. Compared to controls, however, patients displayed a positive attentional bias for masked angry faces at baseline, which was correlated to self‐reported sexual trauma. Moreover, patients showed lower HRV at baseline and during recovery. Discussion: These findings are suggestive of a state of hypervigilance in patients with PNES. The relation with self‐reported trauma, moreover, offers the first evidence linking psychological risk factors to altered information processing in PNES.
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Some people with FND show deficits in sensory processing, interoceptive accuracy, biased attention and impairments in motor learning.
“While individual differences are important, data indicate that some people with FND show deficits in sensory processing, interoceptive accuracy, biased attention and impairments in motor learning.90,91,[179][180][181][182][183][184]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [181]
The Discussion reports that patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures showed an attentional bias toward masked angry faces and describes impaired emotional information processing. This supports the biased-attention part of the claim, but the paper does not establish deficits in interoceptive accuracy or motor learning, or a general sensory-processing deficit. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Bakvis, P., Roelofs, K., Kuyk, J., Edelbroek, P. M., Swinkels, W. A. M., & Spinhoven, P.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bakvis, Patricia
- ORCID
- Spinhoven, Philip
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1001-1011
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W2044099053
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, interpersonal trauma, sexual trauma, acute psychological stress, attentional bias, Trier Social Stress Test, heart rate variability, cortisol, hypervigilance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Awareness, Emotions, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Reaction Time, Saliva, Seizures, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Wounds and Injuries, Trauma Severity Indices, Young Adult
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