Seizure detection using wearable sensors and machine learning: Setting a benchmark
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Tracking seizures is crucial for epilepsy monitoring and treatment evaluation. Current epilepsy care relies on caretaker seizure diaries, but clinical seizure monitoring may miss seizures. Wearable devices may be better tolerated and more suitable for long‐term ambulatory monitoring. This study evaluates the seizure detection performance of custom‐developed machine learning (ML) algorithms across a broad spectrum of epileptic seizures utilizing wrist‐ and ankle‐worn multisignal biosensors. Methods: We enrolled patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit and asked them to wear a wearable sensor on either their wrists or ankles. The sensor recorded body temperature, electrodermal activity, accelerometry (ACC), and photoplethysmography, which provides blood volume pulse (BVP). We used electroencephalographic seizure onset and offset as determined by a board‐certified epileptologist as a standard comparison. We trained and validated ML for two different algorithms: Algorithm 1, ML methods for developing seizure type‐specific detection models for nine individual seizure types; and Algorithm 2, ML methods for building general seizure type‐agnostic detection, lumping together all seizure types. Results: We included 94 patients (57.4% female, median age = 9.9 years) and 548 epileptic seizures (11 066 h of sensor data) for a total of 930 seizures and nine seizure types. Algorithm 1 detected eight of nine seizure types better than chance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC‐ROC] = .648–.976). Algorithm 2 detected all nine seizure types better than chance (AUC‐ROC = .642–.995); a fusion of ACC and BVP modalities achieved the best AUC‐ROC (.752) when combining all seizure types together. Significance: Automatic seizure detection using ML from multimodal wearable sensor data is feasible across a broad spectrum of epileptic seizures. Preliminary results show better than chance seizure detection. The next steps include validation of our results in larger datasets, evaluation of the detection utility tool for additional clinical seizure types, and integration of additional clinical information.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Any longer-term data sets from wearable devices, especially if recorded in ambulatory settings, will contain periods where the device was recording, but not actually on the subject's body in the correct manner.
“Any longer-term data sets from wearable devices, especially if recorded in ambulatory settings, will contain periods where the device was recording, but not actually on the subject’s body in the correct manner, as also noted in previous studies21,30.”
From Data quality evaluation in wearable monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
The device memory mode is very reliable and data loss only occurs whenever the device is switched off to swap it or when using the shower.
“The device memory mode is very reliable and data loss only occurs whenever the device is switched off to swap it or when using the shower, as seen in previous studies20,21,54.”
From Data quality evaluation in wearable monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement
Allen, J. (2007) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/r01 · Cited by 3,967 · see citing works
Beghi, E. (2020) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000503831 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Instruction manual for the ILAE 2017 operational classification of seizure types
Fisher, R. S., Cross, J. H., D’Souza, C., French, J. A., Haut, S. R., Higurashi, N., Hirsch, É., Jansen, F. E., Lagae, L. G., Moshé, S. L., et al. (2017) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.13671 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
Cook, M. J., O'Brien, T. J., Berkovic, S. F., Murphy, M. A., Morokoff, A. P., Fabinyi, G., D'Souza, W. J., Yerra, R., Archer, J. S., Litewka, L., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70075-9 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited
Sander, J. W. A. S. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000063766.15877.8e · Cited by 868 · see citing works
A Wearable Sensor for Unobtrusive, Long-Term Assessment of Electrodermal Activity
Poh, M.-Z., Swenson, N. C., & Picard, R. W. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2038487 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence for clinical trial design
Harrer, S., Shah, P., Antony, B., & Hu, J. (2019) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.05.005 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Self-citationHoppe, C., Poepel, A., & Elger, C. E. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.11.1595 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Seizure detection, seizure prediction, and closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy
Ramgopal, S., Thome-Souza, S., Jackson, M., Kadish, N. E., Sánchez Fernández, I., Klehm, J., Bosl, W., Reinsberger, C., Schachter, S., & Loddenkemper, T. (2014) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.023 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnostic challenges in epilepsy: seizure under-reporting and seizure detection
Elger, C. E., & Hoppe, C. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30038-3 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Effects of Seizures on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Function
Devinsky, O. (2004) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.1111/j.1535-7597.2004.42001.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Big Data and Deep Learning: Toward a Mobile System
Kiral-Kornek, I., Roy, S., Nurse, E. S., Mashford, B. S., Karoly, P. J., Carroll, T., Payne, D. E., Saha, S., Baldassano, S. N., O'Brien, T. J., et al. (2017) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.032 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationAcharya, J. N., Hani, A. J., Cheek, J., Thirumala, P. D., & Tsuchida, T. N. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0000000000000316 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Convulsive seizure detection using a wrist‐worn electrodermal activity and accelerometry biosensor
Poh, M., Loddenkemper, T., Reinsberger, C., Swenson, N. C., Goyal, S., Sabtala, M. C., Madsen, J. R., & Picard, R. W. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03444.x · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, M., Chen, Q., & Yan, S. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1312.4400 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Autonomic changes with seizures correlate with postictal EEG suppression
Poh, M., Loddenkemper, T., Reinsberger, C., Swenson, N. C., Goyal, S., Madsen, J. R., & Picard, R. W. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318258f7f1 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomated seizure detection systems and their effectiveness for each type of seizure
Ulate-Campos, A., Coughlin, F., Gaínza-Lein, M., Fernández, I. S., Pearl, P. L., & Loddenkemper, T. (2016) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2016.06.008 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationBeniczky, S., Polster, T., Kjaer, T. W., & Hjalgrim, H. (2013) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.12120 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Garbarino, M., Lai, M., Tognetti, S., Picard, R. W., & Bender, D. (2014) · Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare · doi:10.4108/icst.mobihealth.2014.257418 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Multicenter clinical assessment of improved wearable multimodal convulsive seizure detectors
Onorati, F., Regalia, G., Caborni, C., Migliorini, M., Bender, D., Poh, M., Frazier, C., Kovitch Thropp, E., Mynatt, E. D., Bidwell, J., et al. (2017) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.13899 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationDetection of seizure-like movements using a wrist accelerometer
Lockman, J., Fisher, R. S., & Olson, D. M. (2011) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.01.019 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Wearable technology in epilepsy: The views of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals
Bruno, E., Simblett, S., Lang, A., Biondi, A., Odoi, C., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Wykes, T., & Richardson, M. P. (2018) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.05.044 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Automated Epileptic Seizure Detection Based on Wearable ECG and PPG in a Hospital Environment
Vandecasteele, K., De Cooman, T., Gu, Y., Cleeren, E., Claes, K., Paesschen, W., Huffel, S., & Hunyadi, B. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17102338 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Automated real-time detection of tonic-clonic seizures using a wearable EMG device
Beniczky, S., Conradsen, I., Henning, O. J., Fabricius, M. E., & Wolf, P. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004893 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Machine learning and wearable devices of the future
Beniczky, S., Karoly, P., Nurse, E., Ryvlin, P., & Cook, M. (2021) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.16555 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
SeizureNet: Multi-Spectral Deep Feature Learning for Seizure Type Classification
Asif, U., Roy, S., Tang, J., & Harrer, S. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66843-3_8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-EEG seizure detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: State of the art
de Vel, A. V., Cuppens, K., Bonroy, B., Milošević, M., Jansen, K., Huffel, S. V., Vanrumste, B., Cras, P. P., Lagae, L., & Ceulemans, B. (2016) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2016.07.012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Weak supervision as an efficient approach for automated seizure detection in electroencephalography
Saab, K. K., Dunnmon, J., Ré, C., Rubin, D. L., & Lee‐Messer, C. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0264-0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Shih, J. J., Fountain, N. B., Herman, S. T., Bagic, A. I., Lado, F. A., Arnold, S., Zupanc, M. L., Riker, E., & Labiner, D. M. (2017) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.13938 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Narechania, A., Garic, I., Sen‐Gupta, I., Macken, M. P., Gerard, E. E., & Schuele, S. (2013) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.04.017 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Subjective seizure counts by epilepsy clinical drug trial participants are not reliable
Blachut, B., Hoppe, C., Surges, R., Elger, C. E., & Helmstaedter, C. (2017) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.10.036 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Multimodal seizure detection: A review
Leijten, F. S. S. (2018) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.14047 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Simblett, S. K., Biondi, A., Bruno, E., Ballard, D., Stoneman, A., Lees, S., Richardson, M. P., & Wykes, T. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106717 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ictal autonomic changes as a tool for seizure detection: a systematic review
van Westrhenen, A., Cooman, T. D., Lazeron, R. H. C., Huffel, S. V., & Thijs, R. D. (2018) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-018-0568-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Detection of Subtle Nocturnal Motor Activity From 3-D Accelerometry Recordings in Epilepsy Patients
Nijsen, T. M. E., Cluitmans, P. J. M., Arends, J. B. A. M., & Griep, P. A. M. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2007.895114 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Heldberg, B. E., Kautz, T., Leutheuser, H., Hopfengärtner, R., Kasper, B. S., & Eskofier, B. M. (2015) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319660 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Vieluf, S., Reinsberger, C., Atrache, R. E., Jackson, M. C., Schubach, S., Ufongene, C., Loddenkemper, T., & Meisel, C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68434-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAmengual‐Gual, M., Ulate-Campos, A., & Loddenkemper, T. (2018) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationSeizure detection watch improves quality of life for adolescents and their families
Thompson, M., Langer, J. E., & Kinfe, M. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.028 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wearable seizure detection devices in refractory epilepsy
Verdru, J., & Paesschen, W. V. (2020) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-020-01417-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gutierrez, E. G., Crone, N. E., Kang, J. Y., Carmenate, Y. I., & Krauss, G. L. (2018) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.14046 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Photoplethysmographic evaluation of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures
Mohammadpour, F., Tamilia, E., Coughlin, F. R., Hammond, S., Atrache, R. E., Jackson, M. C., Bendsen‐Jensen, M., Kim, B., Connolly, J., Manganaro, S., et al. (2020) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.16590 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationPeripheral multimodal monitoring of ANS changes related to epilepsy
Vieluf, S., Atrache, R. E., Hammond, S., Mohammadpour, F., Loddenkemper, T., & Reinsberger, C. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.02.018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationEl Atrache, R., Tamilia, E., Mohammadpour Touserkani, F., Hammond, S., Papadelis, C., Kapur, K., Jackson, M., Bucciarelli, B., Tsuboyama, M., Sarkis, R. A., et al. (2020) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.16621 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationAmbulatory Autonomic Activity Monitoring Among At-Risk Adolescent Mothers
Rajan, S., Leonard, N. R., Fletcher, R., Casarjian, B., Casarjian, R., Cisse, C., & Gwadz, M. V. (2012) · Journal of Mobile Technology in Medicine · doi:10.7309/jmtm.19 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Voelker, R. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1809 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Domestically Produced Radioisotope
Voelker, R. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1807 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
(2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [21]Ulate‐Campos A, Coughlin F, Gainza‐Lein M, Fernández IS, Pearl Pl, Loddenkemper T. Automated seizure detection systems and their effectiveness for each type of seizure. Seizure. 2016; 40: 88– 101. 27376911
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Baker, S., & Xiang, W. (2023) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3256323 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Vos, G., Trinh, K., Sarnyai, Z., & Azghadi, M. R. (2023) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105026 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in neurology: opportunities, challenges, and policy implications
Voigtlaender, S., Pawelczyk, J., Geiger, M., Vaios, E., Karschnia, P., Cudkowicz, M., Dietrich, J., Haraldsen, I., Feigin, V. L., Owolabi, M. O., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12220-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Data quality evaluation in wearable monitoring
Böttcher, S., Vieluf, S., Bruno, E., Joseph, B., Epitashvili, N., Biondi, A., Zabler, N., Glasstetter, M., Dümpelmann, M., Van Laerhoven, K., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25949-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationOnorati, F., Regalia, G., Caborni, C., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Blum, A. S., Bidwell, J., Liso, P. D., Atrache, R. E., Loddenkemper, T., Mohammadpour, F., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.724904 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationAmbulatory seizure forecasting with a wrist-worn device using long-short term memory deep learning
Nasseri, M., Attia, T. P., Joseph, B., Gregg, N. M., Nurse, E. S., Viana, P. F., Worrell, G. A., Dümpelmann, M., Richardson, M. P., Freestone, D. R., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01449-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Automated seizure detection with noninvasive wearable devices: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Naganur, V., Sivathamboo, S., Chen, Z. Z., Kusmakar, S., Antonic‐Baker, A., O'Brien, T. J., & Kwan, P. (2022) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17297 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dash, D. P., Kolekar, M., Chakraborty, C., & Khosravi, M. R. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing · doi:10.1145/3552512 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Residual and bidirectional LSTM for epileptic seizure detection
Zhao, W., Wang, W., Patnaik, L. M., Zhang, B., Weng, S.-J., Xiao, S., Wei, D., & Zhou, H.-F. (2024) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1415967 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Recent Developments and Future Directions of Wearable Skin Biosignal Sensors
Kim, D., Min, J., & Ko, S. H. (2023) · Advanced Sensor Research · doi:10.1002/adsr.202300118 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Smart Consumer Wearables as Digital Diagnostic Tools: A Review
Chakrabarti, S., Biswas, N., Jones, L., Kesari, S., & Ashili, S. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12092110 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence‐enhanced epileptic seizure detection by wearables
Yu, S., Atrache, R. E., Tang, J., Jackson, M. C., Makarucha, A. J., Cantley, S., Sheehan, T., Vieluf, S., Zhang, B., Rogers, J. L., et al. (2023) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17774 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin-interfaced electronics: A promising and intelligent paradigm for personalized healthcare
Zhu, Y., Li, J., Kim, J., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Bahari, J., Eliahoo, P., Li, G., Kawakita, S., Haghniaz, R., et al. (2023) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122075 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kerr, W. T., & McFarlane, K. N. (2023) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01318-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sameh, A., Rostami, M., Oussalah, M., Korpelainen, R., & Farrahi, V. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-11009-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence/machine learning for epilepsy and seizure diagnosis
Han, K., Liu, C., & Friedman, D. J. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109736 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
van Westrhenen, A., Lazeron, R. H. C., van Dijk, J. P., Leijten, F. S. S., & Thijs, R. D. (2023) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17654 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Seizure forecasting: bifurcations in the long and winding road
Baud, M. O., Proix, T., Gregg, N., Brinkmann, B., Nurse, E., Cook, M., & Karoly, P. (2022) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17311 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Employing of machine learning and wearable devices in healthcare system: tasks and challenges
Saad, H. S., Zaki, J. F. W., & Abdelsalam, M. M. (2024) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-024-10197-z · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kerr, W. T., McFarlane, K. N., & Pucci, G. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1425490 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Macea, J., Bhagubai, M., Broux, V., Vos, M. D., & Paesschen, W. V. (2023) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17517 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
HCLA_CBiGRU: Hybrid convolutional bidirectional GRU based model for epileptic seizure detection
Natu, M., Bachute, M. R., & Kotecha, K. V. (2023) · Neuroscience Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.neuri.2023.100135 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wearable Digital Health Technology for Epilepsy
Donner, E. J., Devinsky, O., & Friedman, D. J. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2301913 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The performance evaluation of the state-of-the-art EEG-based seizure prediction models
Ren, Z., Han, X., & Wang, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1016224 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Advances in Biosignal Sensing and Signal Processing Methods with Wearable Devices
Matthews, J., Kim, J., & Yeo, W. (2022) · Analysis & Sensing · doi:10.1002/anse.202200062 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Halimeh, M., Jackson, M. C., Vieluf, S., Loddenkemper, T., & Meisel, C. (2023) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2023.06.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrodermal activity response during seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ortega, M. C., Bruno, E., & Richardson, M. P. (2022) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108864 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
An Efficient Machine Learning-Based Emotional Valence Recognition Approach Towards Wearable EEG
Abdel‐Hamid, L. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23031255 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Non-electroencephalogram-based seizure detection devices: State of the art and future perspectives
Larsen, P. M., & Beniczky, S. (2023) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109486 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Baumgartner, C., Baumgartner, J., Lang, C., Lisy, T., & Koren, J. P. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14030863 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Seth, E. A., Watterson, J., Xie, J., Arulsamy, A., Yusof, H. H. M., Ngadimon, I. W., Khoo, C. S., Kadirvelu, A., & Shaikh, M. F. (2023) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.12854 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Guarducci, S., Jayousi, S., Caputo, S., & Mucchi, L. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25020556 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rai, P., Knight, A., Hiillos, M., Kertész, C., Morales, E., Terney, D., Larsen, S. A., Østerkjerhuus, T., Peltola, J., & Beniczky, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2024.1324981 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Serena, R. S., Hinterwimmer, F., Burgkart, R., von Eisenhart‐Rothe, R., & Rueckert, D. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/60521 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Faria, M., Zin, S. T. P., Chestnov, R., Novak, A. M., Lev‐Ari, S., & Snyder, M. P. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12216735 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wearable sensors in paediatric neurology
Gonzalez-Barral, C., & Servais, L. (2025) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.16239 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bösel, J., Mathur, R., Cheng, L., Varelas, M. S., Hobert, M. A., & Suárez, J. I. (2025) · Neurological Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s42466-025-00367-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Prieto-Avalos, G., Sánchez-Morales, L. N., Alor‐Hernández, G., & Sánchez-Cervantes, J. L. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13010072 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pioneering Seizure Prediction: Exploring ML and DL Approaches with IEEG Data
Indugu, V. V. R., Gondi, D. S., Thomas, J., & Volikatla, H. (2024) · International Conference on Computing, Sciences and Communications (ICCSC) · doi:10.1109/iccsc62048.2024.10830368 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Seizures detection using multimodal signals: a scoping review
Chen, F., Chen, I., Zafar, M., Sinha, S. R., & Hu, X. (2022) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ac7a8d · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Delivering epilepsy care in low-resource settings: the role of technology
Ali, A., Dindoust, D., Grant, J., & Clarke, D. (2021) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2021.2013198 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Halimeh, M., Yang, Y., Sheehan, T., Vieluf, S., Jackson, M. C., Loddenkemper, T., & Meisel, C. (2022) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108635 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvancements in Wearable Digital Health Technology: A Review of Epilepsy Management
Ahuja, A., Agrawal, S., Acharya, S., Batra, N., & Daiya, V. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57037 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Li, Y., Chang, X., Wu, J., Liu, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2025.04.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Autonomic biosignals, seizure detection, and forecasting
Miron, G., Halimeh, M., Jeppesen, J., Loddenkemper, T., & Meisel, C. (2024) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18034 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: A Narrative Review of Mechanism, Risks, and Prevention
Jiang, R. Y., Varughese, R. T., & Kothare, S. V. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14103329 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wearable detection of tonic seizures in childhood epilepsy: An exploratory cohort study
Proost, R., Macea, J., Lagae, L. G., Paesschen, W. V., & Jansen, K. (2023) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17756 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tiwari, M., & Waoo, A. A. (2024) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65022-2_7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A personalized earbud for non-invasive long-term EEG monitoring
Zeydabadinezhad, M., Jowers, J., Buhl, D. L., Cabaniss, B. T., & Mahmoudi, B. (2024) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ad33af · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bartels, J., Gallou, O., Ito, H., Cook, M., Sarnthein, J., Indiveri, G., & Ghosh, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-99272-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Esmaeili, B., Vieluf, S., Dworetzky, B. A., & Reinsberger, C. (2022) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2022.03.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of epileptic seizures on the quality of biosignals recorded from wearables
Böttcher, S., Zabler, N., Jackson, M. C., Bruno, E., Biondi, A., Epitashvili, N., Vieluf, S., Dümpelmann, M., Richardson, M. P., Brinkmann, B. H., et al. (2024) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18138 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationDigital Tools for Seizure Monitoring and Self-Management in Epilepsy: A Narrative Review
Narodova, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14248701 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Deep Learning based Brain Tumor Detection with Internet of Things
Sandya, V., Baligeri, V., Lal, B., Petli, V., & Pradeep Kumar, S. (2023) · International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS) · doi:10.1109/icicacs57338.2023.10100253 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Vakilna, Y. S., Li, X., Hampson, J. S., Huang, Y., Mosher, J. C., Dabaghian, Y. A., Luo, X., Talavera, B., Pati, S. B. B., Masel, T., et al. (2024) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17974 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Meisel, C., Holtkamp, M., & Vock, S. (2022) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-022-01412-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-invasive sensory neuromodulation in epilepsy: Updates and future perspectives
Li, Z., Chen, L., Xu, C., Chen, Z., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106049 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Detection of focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures using a connected shirt
Gharbi, O., Lamrani, Y., St‐Jean, J., Jahani, A., Toffa, D. H., Tran, T. P. Y., Robert, M., Nguyen, D. K., & Assi, E. B. (2024) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18021 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rodriguez, M. D. L. A. C., Brandt, A., & Schulze‐Bonhage, A. (2022) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17401 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Seizure-related differences in biosignal 24-h modulation patterns
Vieluf, S., Atrache, R. E., Cantley, S., Jackson, M. C., Clark, J., Sheehan, T., Bosl, W. J., Zhang, B., & Loddenkemper, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18271-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards Automated Seizure Detection With Wearable EEG – Grand Challenge
Bhagubai, M., Swinnen, L., Cleeren, E., Paesschen, W. V., Vos, M. D., & Chatzichristos, C. (2024) · IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/ojsp.2024.3378604 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neural network based seizure detection system using statistical package analysis
Rajendran, P., & Ganapathy, K. (2022) · Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics · doi:10.11591/eei.v11i5.3771 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Real-Time Seizure Detection Using Behind-the-Ear Wearable System
Lehnen, J., Venkatesh, P., Yao, Z., Aziz, A., Nguyen, P., Harvey, J. H., Alick-Lindstrom, S., Doyle, A., Podkorytova, I., Perven, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0000000000001076 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Epileptic Seizures Diagnosis Using Amalgamated Extremely Focused EEG Signals and Brain MRI
Mohammad, F., & Al-Ahmadi, S. A. (2022) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.032552 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Machine learning and clinical neurophysiology
Ray, J., Wijesekera, L. C., & Cirstea, S. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11283-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, G., Yan, H., Li, W., Sheng, D., Ren, L., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, G., Yu, T., & Wang, G. (2025) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.03.016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
An IoT-Based Multimodal Wearable Framework for Real-Time Epileptic Seizures Detection Using TinyML
Dhiab, Y. B., Hizem, M., Karmous, N., Aoueileyine, M. O.-E., & Bouallègue, R. (2025) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87769-8_7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stellungnahme „Künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin“
MWR (2025) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2025.stellungnahme_ki_medizin · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in electroencephalography analysis for epilepsy diagnosis and management
Wang, C., Yuan, X., & Jing, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1615120 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Longitudinally tracking personal physiomes for precision management of childhood epilepsy
Jiang, P., Gao, F., Liu, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Xia, Z., Zhang, W., Jiang, T., Zhu, J. L., Zhang, Z., et al. (2022) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000161 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Improving quality of wearable biosensor data through artificial intelligence
Lim, T. H., Abdullah, A. F., & Lim, S. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15380-8.00011-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Halimeh, M., Jackson, M. C., Loddenkemper, T., & Meisel, C. (2024) · Neuroscience Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.neuri.2024.100184 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationVieluf, S., Tomioka, S., Zhang, B., Krishnan, V., Bosl, W. J., Grinnell, T., & Loddenkemper, T. (2025) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18550 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Progress on Biosensors for the Early Detection of Neurological Disorders.
Chougale, A., Vedante, S., Kulkarni, G. B., & Patnawar, S. T. (2022) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202203155 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Improving Quality of Care for Status Epilepticus: Putting Protocols into Practice
O’Kula, S. S., & Hill, C. E. (2024) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-024-01356-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ali, A. R., Saleh, A., Abdallah, E. A., Ali, A. A., Moubarak, F., Elzeky, H., & El-Sahhar, I. (2023) · International Telecommunications Conference (ITC-Egypt) · doi:10.1109/itc-egypt58155.2023.10206323 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Handling missing data in the time-series data from wearables
Darji, J., Biswas, N., Jones, L., & Ashili, S. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1002536 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Inception networks, data augmentation and transfer learning in EEG-based photosensitivity diagnosis
Martins, F. M., González, V. M., Villar, J. R., López, B. G., & Gómez-Menéndez, A. I. (2025) · Machine Learning Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2632-2153/adb008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ho, T. L., Ostrem, B. E. L., & Hillis, J. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1756895 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improving wearable-based seizure prediction by feature fusion using an explainable growing network
Hasija, T., Kuschel, M., Jackson, M. C., Dailey, S., Menne, H., Reinsberger, C., Vieluf, S., & Loddenkemper, T. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2025.103228 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationFaust, L. J., Cui, J., Knepper, C., Nasseri, M., Worrell, G. A., & Brinkmann, B. H. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25175562 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Brain Tumor Detection using Machine Learning Techniques with Internet of Things
Hakkem, B., Rajarajeswari, K., Sreeja, G. G., & Nagarathna, P. (2022) · IEEE Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon) · doi:10.1109/mysurucon55714.2022.9972643 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ge, Y., Hu, D., Cui, X., Jiang, T., Gao, F., Jiang, T., Vidal, P., & Cao, J. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8021-5_6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improving the Performance of ECG-based Epileptic Seizure Prediction
Nair, S., Kumar, C. S., Muralidharan, P., Gopinath, S., Kumar, A. A., & Parasuram, H. (2023) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) · doi:10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10306997 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mahant, M. A., & Vidyullatha, P. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-20281-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The silent witness: The unseen gaps in eyewitness recognition of seizures
Moraes, J. S., Cook, M. J., & Nurse, E. S. (2025) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18499 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Internet of Things-Enabled Smart City: An In-Depth Review of Its Domains and Applications
Meydani, A., Ramezani, A., & Meidani, A. (2023) · International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1109/iccke60553.2023.10326308 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Towards Accurate Seizure Detection: Machine Learning Model for Wearable Technology
Raj, D., Rafeeque, R., Jeevan, A., Rhishitha, T. S., Akshay, S., & Merry, K. P. (2023) · International Conference on Smart Computing and Communications (ICSCC) · doi:10.1109/icscc59169.2023.10334977 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vieluf, S., Cantley, S., Krishnan, V., & Loddenkemper, T. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae034 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationInnovating pediatric epilepsy: transforming diagnosis and treatment with AI
Dell’Isola, G. B., Fattorusso, A., Villano, G., Ferrara, P., & Verrottı, A. (2025) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-025-00904-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nouboue, C., Diab, E., Gacquer, W., Derambure, P., Périn, B., Chen, S., Mercier-Bryczman, M., Jonckheere, J. D., & Szurhaj, W. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2110793 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Feasibility Study of Seizure Detection Using Commercial Smartwatches in Patients with Epilepsy
Dang, B., Alexopoulos, A. V., Barra, N., Beck, K. L., Zhou, M., Graziano, M., Krishnan, B., & Siu, V. S. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH) · doi:10.1109/icdh67620.2025.00034 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mixture of checkpoint experts for explainable seizure detection using wearable devices
Germino, J., Brinkmann, B. H., Chawla, N. V., Cui, J., Fortune, E., Moniz, N., & Faust, L. J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-27610-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modalities and algorithms for generalized motor seizure detection and prediction: a scoping review
Wesal, A. T., Hesham, F., Gad, M. A. M., Abdelrahim, M., Ahmed, N., Bahgat, N., Zaki, N. A., & Youssef, A. R. (2026) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2026.2632757 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alhaskir, M., Kutafina, E., Linke, F., Fischer, F. P., Schriewer, E., Lauxmann, S., Klett, K., Hofmeister, J., Lutz, F., Burow, L., et al. (2026) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2026.109295 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The research progress of wearable digital health technologies in epilepsy management
Zhao, X., & Wang, T. (2026) · Acta Epileptologica · doi:10.1186/s42494-026-00247-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An Investigation into the Rise of Wearable Technologies in the Healthcare Sector
Sharma, A., Bijo, K., Manandhar, S. P., & Sharma, L. K. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60428-7_15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Multi‐modal fusion attention sentiment analysis for mixed sentiment classification
Xue, Z., & Xu, J. (2024) · Cognitive Computation and Systems · doi:10.1049/ccs2.12113 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of a Multimodal Machine Learning Model for Seizure Detection Using Wearable Devices
Rathore, S. P. S., Magotra, S., Sruthy, K., V, Kumar, S. S., Kaur, G., & Singh, S. (2024) · International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Networking (ICAC2N) · doi:10.1109/icac2n63387.2024.10895217 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Chatzichristos, C., Michiels, S., Paesschen, W. V., Hughes, D., & Vos, M. D. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/adbec0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tang, J., El Atrache, R., Yu, S., Asif, U., Jackson, M., Roy, S., Mirmomeni, M., Cantley, S., Sheehan, T., Schubach, S., Ufongene, C., Vieluf, S., Meisel, C., Harrer, S., & Loddenkemper, T.
- Affiliations
- IBM Research - Australia (AU)
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Google (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Jianbin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-07-15
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1807-1819
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- PMC
- PMC8457135
- OpenAlex
- W3177992706
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 15.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Epilepsia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- seizure detection, epilepsy, wearable sensors, electrodermal activity, accelerometry, photoplethysmography, body temperature, seizure type classification, seizure monitoring, epilepsy monitoring unit, machine learning, multimodal sensor fusion
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Wearable Electronic Devices, Child, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Male, Seizures, Benchmarking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
