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3D skin models for 3R research: The potential of 3D reconstructed skin models to study skin barrier function

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Niehues, Hanna, Bouwstra, Joke A., El Ghalbzouri, Abdoelwaheb, Brandner, Johanna M., Zeeuwen, Patrick L. J. M., van den Bogaard, Ellen H.·2018·Experimental Dermatology
DOI 10.1111/exd.13531
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Abstract

The skin barrier is an important shield regulating the outside‐in as well as inside‐out penetration of water, nutrients, ions and environmental stimuli. We can distinguish four different barrier compartments: the physical, chemical, immunological and microbial skin barrier. Well‐functioning of those is needed to protect our body from the environment. To better understand the function and the contribution of barrier dysfunction in skin diseases, 3D skin or epidermal models are a valuable tool for in vitro studies. In this review, we summarize the development and application of different skin models in skin barrier research. During the last years, enormous effort was made on optimizing these models to better mimic the in vivo composition of the skin, by fine‐tuning cell culture media, culture conditions and including additional cells and tissue components. Thereby, in vitro barrier formation and function has been improved significantly. Moreover, in this review we point towards changes and chances for in vitro 3D skin models to be used for skin barrier research in the nearby future.

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  • Animal use is limited by the imperative to adhere to the 3R strategy.

    “and the imperative to adhere to the 3R (replace, reduce, and refine) strategy [6] underscore the limitations of animal uses.”

    From Diversity of human skin three-dimensional organotypic cultures (2024) · cites this paper as [6]

  • Adding the complete microbiota to colonize the apical side of human skin models would make them closer to the in vivo condition.

    “For this reason, it is to be foreseen to improve human skin models by adding the complete microbiota to colonize the apical side of the model in order to get closer and closer to the in vivo condition [130,131,132].”

    From Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? (2024) · cites this paper as [130]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Niehues, H., Bouwstra, J. A., El Ghalbzouri, A., Brandner, J. M., Zeeuwen, P. L. J. M., & van den Bogaard, E. H.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
  • University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
  • Department of Dermatology Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc) Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) Nijmegen The Netherlands
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Dermatology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-04-06
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
501-511
ISSN
  • 0906-6705 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0625
DOI
10.1111/exd.13531
OpenAlex
W2790545241
Cited by
210
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
1.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Dermatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
ZonMw (91211052, 91616054, 114021503)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Keywords
3D skin model, reconstructed skin, skin barrier function, barrier dysfunction, skin diseases, in vitro skin model, culture medium optimization
MeSH terms
Humans, Models, Biological, Permeability, Skin, Tight Junctions, Animal Use Alternatives, Microbiota, In Vitro Techniques

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