What lives on our skin: ecology, genomics and therapeutic opportunities of the skin microbiome

Scharschmidt, Tiffany C.; Fischbach, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.12.003

Cited by 215Dermatology and Skin DiseasesContact Dermatitis and AllergiesOral microbiology and periodontitis research

What lives on our skin: ecology, genomics and therapeutic opportunities of the skin microbiome

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Scharschmidt, Tiffany C., Fischbach, Michael A.·2013·Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms

DOI 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.12.003PMC PMC3833721

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Abstract

Our skin is home to a rich community of microorganisms. Recent advances in sequencing technology have allowed more accurate enumeration of these human-associated microbiota and investigation of their genomic content. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium represent the dominant bacterial genera on skin and illustrate how bacteria adapt to life in this harsh environment and also provide us with unique benefits. In healthy states, our skin peacefully co-exists with commensal bacteria while fending off potentially dangerous invaders. Disruption of this equilibrium, termed "dysbiosis", can result from changes in the composition of our skin bacteria, an altered immune response to them, or both and may be a driving factor in certain types of inflammatory skin disease. Engineering topical therapeutics to favourably influence the composition of our skin flora and optimize interactions with them represents a real therapeutic opportunity for the field of dermatology and warrants additional investigation into skin microbial ecology and disease mechanisms related to host-microbe dysbiosis.

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Sebaceous glands produce triglycerides, free fatty acids, and waxes that provide additional nutrients for microbial metabolism and growth.
“Sebaceous glands produce triglycerides, free fatty acids, and waxes that also provide additional nutrients for metabolism and growth (28).”
From Candida auris metabolism and growth preferences in physiologically relevant skin-like conditions (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
The Key Players sections on Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium say that microbes obtain nutrients from lipid-rich sebum, supporting the general nutrient claim. Our copy does not specify that sebaceous glands produce triglycerides, free fatty acids, and waxes, or establish that each of those components provides microbial nutrients. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Sweat glands secrete glucose, amino acids, salts, and other nutrients that microorganisms can use to metabolize and grow.
“Sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine) secrete glucose, amino acids, salts, and other nutrients that microorganisms can use to metabolize and grow (28).”
From Candida auris metabolism and growth preferences in physiologically relevant skin-like conditions (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
The Key Players > Staphylococcus says sweat contains salt and urea that bacteria may use as a nitrogen source; The Key Players > Corynebacterium says some bacteria rely on vitamins in sweat for survival. The paper does not state that eccrine and apocrine glands secrete glucose or amino acids for microbial growth. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Authors: Scharschmidt, T. C., & Fischbach, M. A.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Scharschmidt, Tiffany C.
ORCID: Scharschmidt, Tiffany C.
Fischbach, Michael A.
Venue: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-12
Volume: 10
Issue: 3-4
Pages: e83-e89
ISSN: 1740-6765 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.12.003
PMC: PMC3833721
OpenAlex: W1971075491
Cited by: 215
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 9.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Drug Discovery Today Disease Mechanisms (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: David and Lucile Packard Foundation
W. M. Keck Foundation
Dermatology Foundation
National Institutes of Health (1dp2od007290-01, UL1TR001120, 8ul1tr000149-05)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI101018)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR001346)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR000149)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords: skin microbiome, commensal bacteria, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, dysbiosis, host-microbe interactions, inflammatory skin diseases

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What lives on our skin: ecology, genomics and therapeutic opportunities of the skin microbiome

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