Cited by 41Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisMicrobial Community Ecology and Physiology

Planktonic marine iron-oxidizers drive iron mineralization under low oxygen conditions

Field, E. K., Kato, S., Findlay, A. J., MacDonald, D. J., Chiu, B. K., Luther, G. W., Chan, C. S.·2016·Geobiology

Abstract

Observations of modern microbes have led to several hypotheses on how microbes precipitated the extensive iron formations in the geologic record, but we have yet to resolve the exact microbial contributions. An initial hypothesis was that cyanobacteria produced oxygen which oxidized iron abiotically; however, in modern environments such as microbial mats, where Fe(II) and O2 coexist, we commonly find microaerophilic chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria producing Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. This suggests that such iron oxidizers could have inhabited niches in ancient coastal oceans where Fe(II) and O2 coexisted, and therefore contributed to banded iron formations (BIFs) and other ferruginous deposits. However, there is currently little evidence for planktonic marine iron oxidizers in modern analogs. Here, we demonstrate successful cultivation of planktonic microaerophilic iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria from the Chesapeake Bay during seasonal stratification. Iron oxidizers were associated with low oxygen concentrations and active iron redox cycling in the oxic-anoxic transition zone (<3 μm O2 , <0.2 μm H2 S). While cyanobacteria were also detected in this transition zone, oxygen concentrations were too low to support significant rates of abiotic iron oxidation. Cyanobacteria may be providing oxygen for microaerophilic iron oxidation through a symbiotic relationship; at high Fe(II) levels, cyanobacteria would gain protection against Fe(II) toxicity. A Zetaproteobacteria isolate from this site oxidized iron at rates sufficient to account for deposition of geologic iron formations. In sum, our results suggest that once oxygenic photosynthesis evolved, microaerophilic chemolithotrophic iron oxidizers were likely important drivers of iron mineralization in ancient oceans.

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Crossref · 10.1111/gbi.12189

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  • Fe(II)-oxidisers were associated with low oxygen concentrations and active Fe redox cycling in the oxic-anoxic transition zone (<3 μM O2, <0.2 μM H2S) in Chesapeake Bay.

    “These authors demonstrated that the Fe(II)-oxidisers were associated with low oxygen concentrations and active Fe redox cycling in the oxic-anoxic transition zone (&lt;3 µ M O2, &lt;0.2 µ M H2S).”
  • In that transition zone, oxygen concentrations were too low to support significant rates of abiotic Fe(II) oxidation.

    “Although cyanobacteria were also detected in this transition zone, oxygen concentrations were too low to support significant rates of abiotic Fe(II) oxidation.”

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Authors
Field, E. K., Kato, S., Findlay, A. J., MacDonald, D. J., Chiu, B. K., Luther, G. W., & Chan, C. S.
Affiliations
University of Delaware (US)
Corresponding author
Chan, C. S.
Venue
Geobiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-07-06
Volume
14
Issue
5
Pages
499-508
ISSN
  • 1472-4669 (ISSN-L)
  • 1472-4677
OpenAlex
W2468354634
Cited by
41
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
FWCI
5.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Geobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (EAR‐1151682, NSF OCE‐1155385)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX12AG20G)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Keywords
Zetaproteobacteria, iron mineralization, banded iron formations, iron oxyhydroxide, oxic-anoxic transition zone, low oxygen environment, cyanobacteria, iron redox cycling, iron toxicity, symbiosis, Chesapeake Bay, seasonal stratification
MeSH terms
Cyanobacteria, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Plankton, Seawater, Geologic Sediments, Proteobacteria, Iron Compounds

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