Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR‐4‐SLR)
Abstract
Many guiding articles on literature reviews exist, but few have delivered an authoritative protocol that researchers can rely upon with clarity and confidence. To commemorate the inaugural annual special issue on systematic literature reviews in the International Journal of Consumer Studies , the editors have pooled their expertize and experience of authoring, editing, and reviewing literature reviews to develop a rigorous review protocol—that is, the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews ( SPAR‐4‐SLR ) protocol—that researchers can rely upon to guide and justify decisions in systematic literature reviews. Using an interrogative approach, the editors begin with a discussion of the “what,” “why,” “when,” “where,” “who,” and “how” of systematic literature reviews. The editors conclude with systematic literature review exemplars in the inaugural special issue.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When structured scientifically and systematically based on theories, constructs and methodologies, systematic reviews enable researchers to pinpoint existing research gaps.
“Moreover, when these reviews are structured scientifically and systematically based on theories, constructs and methodologies, they enable researchers to pinpoint existing research gaps in the literature (Mariani et al. 2022;Paul et al. 2021).”
From Influencer Marketing and Tourist Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review of Attitudes, Intentions and Behaviours in Tourism (2026) · cites this paper as Paul et al. 2021
Two authors independently read the title and abstract of each paper to determine whether they corroborate with the purpose of the study.
“Following that, in accordance with the best practices suggested by Denyer and Tranfield (2009), Paul et al. (2021), Paul and Criado (2020), two authors independently read the title and abstract of each paper, primarily to determine whether or not they corroborate with the purpose of our study.”
From Welcome to the destination! Social media influencers as cogent determinant of travel decision: A systematic literature review and conceptual framework (2023) · cites this paper as Paul et al. (2021)
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Blockchain for sustainable supply chain management: trends and ways forward
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- Authors
- Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IN)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- University of Hartford (US)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Weng Marc
- Venue
- International Journal of Consumer Studies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-05-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 1470-6423 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-6431
- OpenAlex
- W3154271163
- Cited by
- 2,364
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 654 · 2025: 642 · 2024: 530 · 2023: 333 · 2022: 162 · 2021: 41
- FWCI
- 11.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-08-04)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Consumer Studies (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- systematic reviews, research methodology, consumer research
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