The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genomic Control for Association Studies
Abstract
Summary. A dense set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) covering the genome and an efficient method to assess SNP genotypes are expected to be available in the near future. An outstanding question is how to use these technologies efficiently to identify genes affecting liability to complex disorders. To achieve this goal, we propose a statistical method that has several optimal properties: It can be used with case‐control data and yet, like family‐based designs, controls for population heterogeneity; it is insensitive to the usual violations of model assumptions, such as cases failing to be strictly independent; and, by using Bayesian outlier methods, it circumvents the need for Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, leading to better performance in many settings while still constraining risk for false positives. The performance of our genomic control method is quite good for plausible effects of liability genes, which bodes well for future genetic analyses of complex disorders.
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In the citing paper
“the conventional genomic inflation factor (lambda or λ used interchangeably below) is dependent on the expected number of true associations”
From Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Because in a typical epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), it is expected that small effects from many CpGs might be associated with the phenotype, the genomic inflation factor would overestimate actual test-statistic inflation”
From Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“The genomic control inflation factor (λ) 11 was 1.037, suggesting little evidence for residual stratification.”
From Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer's disease (2009) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The most popular are genomic control (GC)21,22, principal component analysis (PCA)23 and linear mixed models24.”
From Differential confounding of rare and common variants in spatially structured populations (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The overall inflation of the results due to population stratification is negligible: a modified [7] genomic control factor [10] (see Text S1).”
From Integrated Model of De Novo and Inherited Genetic Variants Yields Greater Power to Identify Risk Genes (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Prior to the gene-based analyses all individual SNP P-values were corrected for the genomic inflation factor (λ; to normalise for unaccounted variation, due to factors such as population stratification; Devlin and Roeder, 1999).”
From Genetic variability in response to amyloid beta deposition influences Alzheimer’s disease risk (2019) · cites this paper as Devlin and Roeder, 1999
In the citing paper
“Residual stratification was further corrected at the meta-analytic level with study-specific genomic controls56”
From Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“For the discovery, we applied two rounds of genomic control corrections to each individual GWAS and the combined meta results, respectively 51.”
From Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration (2013) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Methods were developed to detect and adjust for such biases (67–69) as well as unexpected relatedness between subjects.”
From Genetic Mapping in Human Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [67]
Citations
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BackgroundCommon variants at ten loci influence QT interval duration in the QTGEN Study
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“CATE was used without negative controls and with a test recalibration option similar to genomic control (Devlin and Roeder 1999).”
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“To adjust for possible population stratification and the relatedness amongst individuals, we divided the χ 2 test statistics from the individual scans using the method of genomic contro”
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“rerio (this study) rs210134 (PLT) BAK1 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 (116) Bak1: genetic ablation of Bcl-xl in mouse leads to thrombocytopenia by reducing platelet lifespan and this is corrected by ablation of Bak1 rs6993770 (PLT) ZFPM2 zinc finger protein, multitype 2 (0) Zfpm2: peripheral haemorrhage in mouse; ush (ZFPM2…”
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“Genome control (GC) (Devlin and Roeder 1999; Zheng et al. 2005) and the structured association (SA) (Pritchard et al. 2000b) are two major methods first used to control false-positive associations.”
Genetic Variants Influencing Circulating Lipid Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
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“All results are presented after application of genomic control to correct for this residual inflation [39].”
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“5 of Devlin and Roeder, 1999).”
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function
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“All stage 1 study effect estimates, both for ever smokers and never smokers, were corrected using genomic contro”
MethodCommon variants in the GDF5-UQCC region are associated with variation in human height
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“The genomic control parameter for our meta-analysis, which estimates inflation in test statistics owing to the combined effects of population stratification, cryptic relatedness and genotyping erro”
MethodCommon variants near CAV1 and CAV2 are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma
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Family-Based Association Tests for Genomewide Association Scans
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“In practice, we recommend that the distribution of test statistics across the genome be inspected—if a deviation from the null is suspected, the analysis could be repeated, incorporating estimates of individual ancestry(14,18) as covariates in the analysis, or the test statistics could be adjusted using a suitable gen…”
MethodGaulton, K. J., Ferreira, T. C., Lee, Y., Raimondo, A., Mägi, R., Reschen, M. E., Mahajan, A., Locke, A. E., Rayner, N. W., Robertson, N., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3437 · Cited by 399
Ulcerative colitis–risk loci on chromosomes 1p36 and 12q15 found by genome-wide association study
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Self-citationProbABEL package for genome-wide association analysis of imputed data
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“The (small) effects of confounding can be corrected posterior to analysis using the genomic control [10] procedure.”
BackgroundMeta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians
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“To correct each study for residual population stratification or cryptic relatedness, the meta-analyses were performed with genomic control correctio”
MethodPoint: population stratification: a problem for case-control studies of candidate-gene associations?
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Common variants on 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 predispose to thyroid cancer in European populations
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“The results were adjusted for familial relatedness between individuals and for potential population stratification using the method of genomic contro”
Exome sequencing and the genetic basis of complex traits
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Common variants at ten loci modulate the QT interval duration in the QTSCD Study
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“The use of principal components analysis (Price et al. 2006) or genomic controls (Devlin and Roeder 1999) can mitigate this problem, as can the conduct of studies within specific ethnic groups (Barzilai et al. 2001).”
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“Genome-wide association inflation coefficients were estimated for each discovery cohort using the genomic control (GC) method (23) and applied subsequently to each individual SNP association test statistics to correct for cryptic relatedness.”
Genetic relatedness analysis: modern data and new challenges
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“It could be valuable to extend these analyses to the more detailed set of IBD measures to accommodate the background relatedness among people that are affected by diseases that have a genetic basi”
BackgroundReporting, Appraising, and Integrating Data on Genotype Prevalence and Gene-Disease Associations
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“And the influence of epistatic genetic effect to the genomic control is still not explored [27–30].”
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Empirical Evaluation of Genetic Clustering Methods Using Multilocus Genotypes From 20 Chicken Breeds
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“Several statistical methods have been used to control the eff ect of population structure in association analyses including genomic control (Devlin and Roeder, 1999; Mackay, and Powell, 2007), structured association (Pritchard et al.”
MethodA mixture model approach for the analysis of microarray gene expression data
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“…statistical tests are conducted, one obtains a distribution of test statistics and corresponding p -values and that there is information available in this distribution that can be exploited (Thomas et al., 1985; Devlin and Roeder, 1999; Drigalenko and Elston, 1997; Parker and Rothenberg, 1988).”
BackgroundQuality Control Procedures for Genome‐Wide Association Studies
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“Genomic control (Devlin and Roeder, 1999; Reich and Goldstein, 2001) aims to control for population stratification by first estimating an inflation factor ( λ ), then adjusting all of the test statistics downward by this factor (Fig.”
BackgroundMultiple loci influence erythrocyte phenotypes in the CHARGE Consortium
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“Before meta-analysis, we performed genomic control on each cohort-specific distribution of the association test statistics for each trai”
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“At least five major methods for population stratification control have been described – genomic control (42), structured association (43), principal components (44), multi-dimensional scaling (36), and partial least squares relating phenotype to ancestry-informative markers (45, 46).”
BackgroundEstimating Local Ancestry in Admixed Populations
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Common variation in KITLG and at 5q31.3 predisposes to testicular germ cell cancer
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“944, and hence we report unadjusted test statistic”
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“455).(43) Because the estimated genomic inflation factor l scaleswith sample”
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“For the analysis of case-control data, Devlin and Roeder (1999) presented GC methods using Bayesian and fre- quentist techniques and, for two study designs, targeted candidate-gene analysis and association scans over large portions of the genome (e.g., see Risch and Merikangas 1996).”
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Loss-of-function variants in ABCA7 confer risk of Alzheimer's disease
DemGene, Steinberg, S., Stefansson, H., Jonsson, T., Johannsdottir, H., Ingason, A., Helgason, H., Sulem, P., Magnusson, O. T., Gudjonsson, S. A., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3246 · Cited by 324
He, X., Sanders, S. J., Liu, L., De Rubeis, S., Lim, E. T., Sutcliffe, J. S., Schellenberg, G. D., Gibbs, R. A., Daly, M. J., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003671 · Cited by 304
“The overall inflation of the results due to population stratification is negligible: a modified [7] genomic control factor [10] lq~1:02 (see Text S1).”
Self-citationParé, G., Chasman, D. I., Kellogg, M., Zee, R. Y. L., Rifai, N., Badola, S., Miletich, J. P., & Ridker, P. M. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000118 · Cited by 341
“This method estimates the average effect of population substructure in the sample (based on median T values) and accordingly corrects the test statistics [18].”
MethodXu, S., Yin, X., Li, S., Jin, W., Lou, H., Yang, L., Gong, X., Wang, H., Shen, Y., Pan, X., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.015 · Cited by 335
Spurious genetic associations.
Sullivan, P. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.010 · Cited by 339
A rare penetrant mutation in CFH confers high risk of age-related macular degeneration
Raychaudhuri, S., Iartchouk, O., Chin, K., Tan, P. L., Tai, A. K., Ripke, S., Gowrisankar, S., Vemuri, S., Montgomery, K., Yu, Y., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.976 · Cited by 323
“To identify rare penetrant variants within the CFH locus, we phased genotypes for 20 common SNPs spanning the CFH/CFHR1-3 region and a common CFHR1-3 deletion (CFHR1 -3 Δ) in 711 advanced AMD cases and 1041 controls (“Boston-phased” dataset) 13,14 .”
InfluentialGenome‐wide meta‐analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci
Patsopoulos, N. A., the Bayer Pharma MS Genetics Working Group, T. S. C. O. S. E. I. A. A. C., & de Bakker, P. I. W. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22609 · Cited by 353
Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults
Graff, M., Scott, R. A., Justice, A. E., Young, K. L., Feitosa, M. F., Barata, L., Winkler, T. W., Chu, A. Y., Mahajan, A., Hadley, D., et al. (2017) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528 · Cited by 340
“Population stratification was examined by calculating the study specific genomic control inflation factor (λGC) [41].”
MethodProspective Study of One Million Deaths in India: Rationale, Design, and Validation Results
Jha, P., Gajalakshmi, V., Gupta, P. C., Kumar, R., Mony, P., Dhingra, N., Peto, R., & Collaborators, R.-C. P. S. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030018 · Cited by 323
“The use of ‘‘genomic controls’’ where anonymous markers are genotyped to test for population stratification can be employed [52].”
Deconstructing the sources of genotype-phenotype associations in humans
Young, A. I., Benonisdottir, S., Przeworski, M., & Kong, A. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3710 · Cited by 288
Discerning the ancestry of European Americans in genetic association studies
Price, A. L., Butler, J., Patterson, N., Capelli, C., Pascali, V. L., Scarnicci, F., Ruiz-Linares, A., Groop, L., Saetta, A. A., Korkolopoulou, P., et al. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030236 · Cited by 327
“We computed values of k, a metric describing genome-wide inflation in association statistics [18], both before or after correcting for stratification using the EIGENSTRAT method [9].”
MethodPolymorphisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene and Major Depression
van Rossum, E. F. C., Binder, E. B., Majer, M., Koper, J. W., Ising, M., Modell, S., Salyakina, D., Lamberts, S. W. J., & Holsboer, F. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.007 · Cited by 329
Visscher, P. M., Hemani, G., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Chen, G., Lee, S., Wray, N. R., Goddard, M. E., & Yang, J. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004269 · Cited by 325
“linear regression for a quantitative trait and logistic regression for a case-control study) will be deflated, causing an inflation of the test-statistics GWAS (often called ‘‘genomic inflation’’ [32]).”
Evolution in Health and Disease
(2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.001.0001 · Cited by 323
The Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome-Wide Replication And Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) Consortium, Lu, X., Wang, L., Chen, S., He, L., Yang, X., Shi, Y., Cheng, J., Zhang, L., Gu, C. C., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2337 · Cited by 319
Yang, Q., Köttgen, A., Dehghan, A., Smith, A. V., Glazer, N. L., Chen, M., Chasman, D. I., Aspelund, T., Eiríksdóttir, G., Harris, T. B., et al. (2010) · Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics · doi:10.1161/circgenetics.109.934455 · Cited by 319
Hoffmann, T. J., Ehret, G., Nandakumar, P., Ranatunga, D. K., Schaefer, C. A., Kwok, P., Iribarren, C., Chakravarti, A., & RISCH, N. J. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3715 · Cited by 321
A Genomewide Association Study of Skin Pigmentation in a South Asian Population
Stokowski, R. P., Pant, P. V. K., Dadd, T., Fereday, A., Hinds, D. A., Jarman, C., Filsell, W., Ginger, R. S., Green, M. R., van der Ouderaa, F. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/522235 · Cited by 315
“.001 for SNPs that were also statistically significant at a level of P on a simple trend test for association with skin reflectance.001 corrected with GC.39 For these potentially associated SNPs, the clustering was visually inspected, and SNPs were excluded from further analysis if problems were detected.”
Trégouët, D., Heath, S. C., Saut, N., Biron‐Andréani, C., Schved, J., Pernod, G., Galan, P., Drouet, L. O., Zélénika, D., Juhan-Vague, I., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-190389 · Cited by 323
Genetic Structure of the Han Chinese Population Revealed by Genome-wide SNP Variation
Chen, J., Zheng, H., Bei, J.-X., Sun, L., Jia, W.-H., Li, T., Zhang, F., Seielstad, M., Zeng, Y.-X., Zhang, X., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.016 · Cited by 315
The landscape of recombination in African Americans
Hinch, A. G., Tandon, A., Patterson, N. J., Song, Y., Rohland, N., Palmer, C. D., Chen, G. K., Wang, K., Buxbaum, S. G., Akylbekova, E. L., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10336 · Cited by 316
Genome-wide association and meta-analysis of bipolar disorder in individuals of European ancestry
Scott, L. J., Muglia, P., Kong, X., Guan, W., Flickinger, M., Upmanyu, R., Tozzi, F., Li, J. Z., Burmeister, M., Absher, D., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813386106 · Cited by 322
Cordell, H. J., Han, Y., Mells, G. F., Li, Y., Hirschfield, G. M., Greene, C. S., Xie, G., Juran, B. D., Zhu, D., Qian, D. C., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9019 · Cited by 287
Moss, D. J. H., Pardiñas, A. F., Langbehn, D., Lo, K., Leavitt, B. R., Roos, R., Durr, A., Mead, S., Coleman, A., Santos, R. D., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30161-8 · Cited by 312
“The extent to which such systematic inflation exists is measured by the genomic inflation factor λ (25), which is the median of the observed test statistics divided by 0.”
BackgroundThe genetic basis of endometriosis and comorbidity with other pain and inflammatory conditions
Rahmioğlu, N., Mortlock, S., Ghiasi, M., Møller, P. L., Stefánsdóttir, L., Galarneau, G., Turman, C., Danning, R., Law, M. H., Sapkota, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01323-z · Cited by 319
The Meta-Analyses of Glucose- and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), Horikoshi, M., Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, Yaghootkar, H., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., Sovio, U., Taal, H. R., Hennig, B. J., Bradfield, J. P., St Pourcain, B., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2477 · Cited by 309
Sequence variants in the CLDN14 gene associate with kidney stones and bone mineral density
Þorleifsson, G., Hólm, H., Edvardsson, V. O., Walters, G. B., Styrkársdóttir, U., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Sulem, P., Halldórsson, B. V., de Vegt, F., d’Ancona, F. C. H., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.404 · Cited by 312
“We estimated the inflation factor for the genome-wide association by calculating the average of the 303,120 χ 2 statistics, which was a method of genomic contro”
MethodGenetics of Crohn disease, an archetypal inflammatory barrier disease
Schreiber, S., Rosenstiel, P. C., Albrecht, M., Hampe, J., & Krawczak, M. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1607 · Cited by 308
“If a sufficiently large set of genetic markers has been genotyped, but has not itself been tested for association, these data can also be used to estimate the level of POPULATION STRATIFICATION and either to correct the test statistics accordingl”
BackgroundGenome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm identifies three new risk loci
Yasuno, K., Bilgüvar, K., Bijlenga, P., Low, S., Krischek, B., Auburger, G. W. J., Simon, M., Krex, D., Arlıer, Z., Nayak, N. R., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.563 · Cited by 307
“We corrected each cohort for residual overdispersion ( Table 1 ) using genomic contro”
Tracing the ancestry of modern bread wheats
Pont, C., Leroy, T., Seidel, M. A., Tondelli, A., Duchemin, W., Armisén, D., Lang, D., Bustos‐Korts, D., Goué, N., Balfourier, F., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0393-z · Cited by 316
Inference in Molecular Population Genetics
Stephens, M., & Donnelly, P. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00254 · Cited by 301
Discovery and prioritization of variants and genes for kidney function in >1.2 million individuals
Stanzick, K. J., Li, Y., Schlosser, P., Gorski, M., Wuttke, M., Thomas, L. F., Rasheed, H., Rowan, B. X., Graham, S. E., Vanderweff, B. R., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24491-0 · Cited by 302
Tobi, E. W., Slieker, R. C., Luijk, R., Dekkers, K. F., Stein, A. D., Xu, K. M., Biobank-based Integrative Omics Studies Consortium, Slagboom, P. E., van Zwet, E. W., Lumey, L. H., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao4364 · Cited by 284
“Each EWAS was corrected for genome-wide inflation by dividing the c(2) statistic by the inflation factor (l) (68), and results were adjusted for multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR) correction (69) where appropriate.”
MethodGenome-Wide Association Study Identifies Variants Associated With Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1
de Boer, Y. S., van Gerven, N. M. F., Zwiers, A., Verwer, B. J., van Hoek, B., van Erpecum, K. J., Beuers, U., van Buuren, H. R., Drenth, J. P. H., den Ouden, J. W., et al. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.022 · Cited by 304
“genomic control using the remaining inflation factor to generate adjusted P values.(34) A P value of <5.”
InfluentialExtremely low-coverage sequencing and imputation increases power for genome-wide association studies
Pasaniuc, B., Rohland, N., McLaren, P. J., Garimella, K., Zaitlen, N., Li, H., Gupta, N., Neale, B. M., Daly, M. J., Sklar, P., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2283 · Cited by 299
TESS3: fast inference of spatial population structure and genome scans for selection
Caye, K., Deist, T. M., Martins, H., Michel, O., & François, O. (2015) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12471 · Cited by 314
“This approach is less conservative than the method based on the median of the chi-squared distribution with K (cid:2) 1 degrees of freedom (Devlin & Roeder 1999; Frichot & Franc (cid:1) ois 2015).”
MethodPharmacogenetics of Psychotropic Drug Response
Malhotra, A. K., Murphy, G. M., & Kennedy, J. L. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.780 · Cited by 299
Galanter, J., Fernández-López, J. C., Gignoux, C. R., Barnholtz‐Sloan, J. S., Fernández–Rozadilla, C., Vía, M., Hidalgo‐Miranda, A., Contreras, A. V., Uribe-Figueroa, L., Raska, P., et al. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002554 · Cited by 305
“The extent of population stratification was quantified by the inflation factor lambda [23], using the program WGAViewer.”
MethodAdams, M. J., Streit, F., Meng, X., Awasthi, S., Adey, B. N., Choi, K. W., Chundru, V. K., Coleman, J. R. I., Ferwerda, B., Foo, J. C., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.002 · Cited by 372
“Methods for determining MD status included clinical interviews, health register or medical records, self-reported questionnaires, and self-report of diagnosis.”
Nelson, M. R., Bryc, K., King, K. S., Indap, A., Boyko, A. R., Novembre, J., Briley, L. P., Maruyama, Y., Waterworth, D. M., Waeber, G., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.08.005 · Cited by 293
Obeidat, M., Wain, L. V., Shrine, N. R. G., Kalsheker, N. A., Artigas, M. S., Repapi, E., Burton, P. R., Johnson, T., Ramasamy, A., Zhao, J. H., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019382 · Cited by 295
“to facilitate meta-analysis of studies employing different genotyping platforms. Thus up to 2,705,257 SNPs were tested for association with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC using additive models and adjusting for age, sex, height and ancestry principal components. Then, the results were meta-analysed across studies using inverse var…”
MethodAbdurakhmonov, I. Y., & Abdukarimov, A. (2008) · International Journal of Plant Genomics · doi:10.1155/2008/574927 · Cited by 304
“This approach is referred to as the genomic control (GC) that finds confounding effects of a population and corrects it, thus enabling to remove spurious associations [127, 128].”
BackgroundDiverse Genome-wide Association Studies Associate the IL12/IL23 Pathway with Crohn Disease
Wang, K., Zhang, H., Kugathasan, S., Annese, V., Bradfield, J. P., Russell, R. K., Sleiman, P. M. A., Imielinski, M., Glessner, J., Hou, C., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.026 · Cited by 291
Schork, A., Thompson, W., Pham, P. H., Torkamani, A., Roddey, J., Sullivan, P., Kelsoe, J., O'Donovan, M., Furberg, H., Schork, N., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003449 · Cited by 320
“and cryptic relatedness [20] and deflation due to over-correction”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRisk variants for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25 associate with ischemic stroke
Grétarsdóttir, S., Þorleifsson, G., Manolescu, A. R., Styrkársdóttir, U., Helgadóttir, A., Gschwendtner, A., Kostulas, K., Kuhlenbäumer, G., Bevan, S., Jónsdóttir, Þ., et al. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21480 · Cited by 286
“Small-vessel disease 246 (17) 118 (10) 82 (8) 275 (20) 114 (17)”
Cockram, J., White, J., Zuluaga, D. L., Smith, D. D., Comadran, J., MacAulay, M. A., Luo, Z., Kearsey, M. J., Werner, P., Harrap, D., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010179107 · Cited by 290
Metadata
- Authors
- Devlin, B., & Roeder, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Devlin, B.
- Roeder, Kathryn
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 997-1004
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0420
- OpenAlex
- W2008047653
- Cited by
- 3,162
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 86 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 170 · 2014: 143 · 2013: 175 · 2012: 172
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biometrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pittsburgh
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 57881, P01MH056193, R01MH057881, NIMH 56193)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- genomic control, association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms, case-control data, population heterogeneity, multiple testing correction, false positives, complex diseases, model assumption violation
- MeSH terms
- Bayes Theorem, Biometry, Genetic Techniques, Humans, Models, Genetic, Models, Statistical, Genome, Human, Case-Control Studies
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