The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T‐cell senescence
Abstract
Summary: The loss of CD28 expression on T cells is the most consistent biological indicator of aging in the human immune system, and the frequency of CD28 null T cells is a key predictor of immune incompetence in the elderly. There is also mounting evidence for the high frequency of these unusual T cells among patients with inflammatory syndromes or with chronic infections disproportionate with their age. In these pathological states, CD28 null T cells likely represent prematurely senescent lymphocytes due to persistent immune activation. Unlike the situation in CD28 gene knockout mice that have anergic CD28 0/0 T cells, human CD28 null T cells are functionally active, long‐lived, oligoclonal lymphocytes that lack or have limited proliferative capacity. Results of replicative senescence studies show that CD28 null T cells are derived from CD28+ precursors that have undergone repeated stimulation, indicating that CD28 silencing underlies the program of T‐cell aging. Dissection of the machinery regulating CD28 expression is paving the way in elucidating the molecular events leading to immune senescence as well as providing clues into the functional rejuvenation of senescent T cells.
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Cites
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“Similarly, the expression of the activating forms of KIR has also been linked to TCR-independent killing (50, 70), lending support to the idea that senescent KIRþCD28null T cells have”
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The aging of the immune system
Weiskopf, D., Weinberger, B., & Grubeck-Loebenstein, B. (2009) · Transplant International · doi:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x · Cited by 908
Strioga, M., Pasukoniene, V., & Characiejus, D. (2011) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03470.x · Cited by 505
Immunology of aging: the birth of inflammaging
Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Pawelec, G., Khalil, A., Cohen, A. A., Hirokawa, K., Witkowski, J. M., & Franceschi, C. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08899-6 · Cited by 464
The immune system and aging: A review
Castelo-Branco, C., & Soveral, I. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.852531 · Cited by 449
Immunosenescence in aging: Between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vallejo, A. N.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-05-09
- Volume
- 205
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 158-169
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2075372159
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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