The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Composition of Food Consumed by Greenland Eskimos
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Food specimens have been collected, by means of the double‐portion technique, from Greenland Eskimo hunters and their wives, in all seven persons, on seven consecutive days. Their food was found to contain more protein and less carbohydrates than average Danish food and an almost equal amount of fat. Compared with Danish food, the fatty acid pattern of the consumed lipids—essentially of mammalian marine origin—showed a higher content of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C20:5) and lower contents of linoleic and linolenic acids. However, the sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was smaller than in Danish food. Using Keys' formula, describing the serum cholesterol level as a function of the nutritional fatty acids, the essentially lower serum cholesterol level found in Greenland Eskimos was not explained by our findings. It is suggested instead to be a special metabolic effect of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine mammals. There might be a similar effect on the plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentrations, explaining the much lower plasma concentrations of these components in Eskimos than in Western populations. Our findings might have an essential bearing on the difference in morbidity from coronary atherosclerotic disease between these populations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development.
Simopoulos, A. (1991) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.3.438 · Cited by 2,162
Marchioli, R., Barzi, F., Bomba, E., Chieffo, C., Di Gregorio, D., Di Mascio, R., Franzosi, M. G., Geraci, E., Levantesi, G., Maggioni, A. P., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000014682.14181.f2 · Cited by 1,311
The Omega-3 Index: A new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?
Harris, W. S., & von Schacky, C. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.030 · Cited by 1,111
Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2010) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x · Cited by 1,101
Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Hu, F. B. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.14.1815 · Cited by 1,018
Types of Dietary Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Critical Review
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719008 · Cited by 902
The composition of the Eskimo food in north western Greenland.
Bang, H. O., Dyerberg, J., & Sinclair, H. M. (1980) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.12.2657 · Cited by 807
Self-citationEffects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review
Balk, E. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Chung, M., Kupelnick, B., Chew, P., & Lau, J. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.012 · Cited by 732
Very long-chain n -3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future
Calder, P. C. (2018) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117003950 · Cited by 419
Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A mechanistic update
Albracht-Schulte, K., Kalupahana, N. S., Ramalingam, L., Wang, S., Rahman, S. M., Robert-McComb, J., & Moustaid-Moussa, N. (2018) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012 · Cited by 355
“PUFA levels attributed to high fatty fish intake [28], many prospective studies began to examine whether fish or fish oil intake prevents the development of obesity.”
BackgroundHorrocks, L. A., & Farooqui, A. A. (2004) · Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.011 · Cited by 356
Skeaff, C. M., & Miller, J. (2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000229002 · Cited by 310
Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eslick, G. D., Howe, P. R. C., Smith, C., Priest, R., & Bensoussan, A. (2009) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.092 · Cited by 299
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Abdelhamid, A. S., Brown, T. J., Brainard, J. S., Biswas, P., Thorpe, G. C., Moore, H. J., Deane, K. H., Summerbell, C. D., Worthington, H. V., Song, F., et al. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub5 · Cited by 295
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hartweg, J., Perera, R., Montori, V. M., Dinneen, S. F., Neil, A. H., & Farmer, A. J. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003205.pub2 · Cited by 282
Dietary α-linolenic acid and health-related outcomes: a metabolic perspective
Burdge, G. C., & Calder, P. C. (2006) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr2005113 · Cited by 281
Omega 3 fatty acids for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease
Hooper, L., Harrison, R. A., Summerbell, C. D., Moore, H., Worthington, H. V., Ness, A., Capps, N., Davey Smith, G., Riemersma, R., & Ebrahim, S. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub2 · Cited by 264
Ruiz-Núñez, B., Pruimboom, L., Dijck-Brouwer, D. A. J., & Muskiet, F. A. J. (2013) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.009 · Cited by 246
Effect of fish oil on arrhythmias and mortality: systematic review.
Leon, H., Shibata, M. C., Sivakumaran, S., Dorgan, M., Chatterley, T., & Tsuyuki, R. T. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2931 · Cited by 223
Johnson, M. M., Swan, D. D., Surette, M. E., Stegner, J., Chilton, T., Fonteh, A. N., & Chilton, F. H. (1997) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/127.8.1435 · Cited by 195
Cytochrome P450–dependent metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Arnold, C., Konkel, A., Fischer, R., & Schunck, W.-H. (2010) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70311-x · Cited by 174
Bartram, H.-P., Gostner, A., Scheppach, W., Reddy, B. S., Rao, C. V., Dusel, G., Richter, F., Richter, A., & Kasper, H. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90135-y · Cited by 159
de Roos, B., Mavrommatis, Y., & Brouwer, I. A. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00189.x · Cited by 151
Marchioli, R., Schweiger, C., Tavazzi, L., & Valagussa, F. (2001) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0694-8 · Cited by 131
De Caterina, R., & Massaro, M. (2005) · Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/s00232-005-0783-2 · Cited by 130
N‐3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil: Effects on Plasma Lipoproteins and Hypertriglyceridemic Patients a
CONNOR, W. E., DeFRANCESCO, C. A., & CONNOR, S. L. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35689.x · Cited by 119
A systematic review of fish-oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension
Campbell, F., Dickinson, H. O., Critchley, J. A., Ford, G. A., & Bradburn, M. (2013) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312437056 · Cited by 93
A review of the safety of DHA45-oil
Kroes, R., Schaefer, E. J., Squire, R. A., & Williams, G. M. (2003) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00163-7 · Cited by 91
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning
Kalupahana, N. S., Goonapienuwala, B. L., & Moustaid-Moussa, N. (2020) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142 · Cited by 72
Balk, E. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Chung, M., Kupelnick, B., Chew, P., & Lau, J. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.042 · Cited by 63
Haimoto, H., Iwata, M., Wakai, K., & Umegaki, H. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.009 · Cited by 60
Progress in nutritional immunology
Fernandes, G. (2008) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-007-0021-3 · Cited by 51
Vitlov Uljević, M., Starčević, K., Mašek, T., Bočina, I., Restović, I., Kević, N., Racetin, A., Kretzschmar, G., Grobe, M., Vukojević, K., et al. (2019) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03058-y · Cited by 40
The production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants by reverse-engineering
Napier, J. A., Beaudoin, F., Michaelson, L. V., & Sayanova, O. (2004) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.09.020 · Cited by 36
Hedengran, A., Szecsi, P. B., Dyerberg, J., Harris, W. S., & Stender, S. (2015) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-014-3968-6 · Cited by 31
Self-citationCarlson, S. J., O’Loughlin, A. A., Anez-Bustillos, L., Baker, M. A., Andrews, N. A., Gunner, G., Dao, D. T., Pan, A., Nandivada, P., Chang, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00072 · Cited by 24
Popoff, F., Balaciano, G., Bardach, A., Comandé, D., Irazola, V., Catalano, H. N., & Izcovich, A. (2019) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-019-1086-3 · Cited by 19
Malaguarnera, M., Restuccia, N., Fazio, I. D., Panebianco, M. P., Gulizia, G., & Giugno, I. (1999) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-199911040-00007 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Bang, H. O., Dyerberg, J., & Hjørne, N.
- Venue
- Acta Medica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1976-01-12
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 1-6
- Pages
- 69-73
- ISSN
- 0001-6101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033283286
- Cited by
- 944
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.