The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sources of Implicit Attitudes
Abstract
Response latency measures have yielded an explosion of interest in implicit attitudes. Less forthcoming have been theoretical explanations for why they often differ from explicit (self-reported) attitudes. Theorized differences in the sources of implicit and explicit attitudes are discussed, and evidence consistent with each theory is presented. The hypothesized causal influences on attitudes include early (even preverbal) experiences, affective experiences, cultural biases, and cognitive consistency principles. Each may influence implicit attitudes more than explicit attitudes, underscoring their conceptual distinction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Devine, P. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 · Cited by 5,673
Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.1.101 · Cited by 2,112
The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice
Blair, I. V. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0603_8 · Cited by 1,152 · cited 2×
“Finally, the sensitivity of implicit attitudes to priming effects (i.e., to the influence of contextual factors) has now been well established (Blair, 2002).”
BackgroundPerformance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation
Phelps, E. A., O'Connor, K. J., Cunningham, W. A., Funayama, E. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., & Banaji, M. R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562552 · Cited by 1,001
Cited by
Performance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation
Phelps, E. A., O'Connor, K. J., Cunningham, W. A., Funayama, E. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., & Banaji, M. R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562552 · Cited by 1,001
Wiers, R. W., Bartholow, B. D., van den Wildenberg, E., Thush, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., Sher, K. J., Grenard, J., Ames, S. L., & Stacy, A. W. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.09.021 · Cited by 734
Moderators of the Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Evaluation.
Nosek, B. A. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134.4.565 · Cited by 701
Reducing implicit racial preferences: II. Intervention effectiveness across time
Lai, C. K., Skinner, A. L., Cooley, E., Murrar, S., Brauer, M., Devos, T., Calanchini, J., Xiao, Y. J., Pedram, C., Marshburn, C. K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000179 · Cited by 624
Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination: Theoretical and Empirical Overview
Dovidio, J. F., Hewstone, M., Glick, P., & Esses, V. M. (2010) · The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination · doi:10.4135/9781446200919.n1 · Cited by 616
Metadata
- Authors
- Rudman, L. A.
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-82
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2099291982
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 83.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sources of Implicit Attitudes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00279.x
- The paper
- Rudman, L. A. (2004). Sources of Implicit Attitudes. Current Directions in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00279.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
