Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors
Abstract
AIMS: This article is the report of a study aimed at determining whether or not expressive writing improves the quality-of-life of early breast cancer survivors. An additional aim is the investigation of whether or not the type of writing prompt makes a difference in results. BACKGROUND: The risk of distress can extend well beyond the time of a breast cancer diagnosis. Emotional expression may assist in dealing with this. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. METHODS: Participants (n = 120) were randomized into one of four groups: a control group (no writing) or one of three expressive writing groups: breast cancer trauma, any self-selected trauma and facts related to breast cancer. Participants wrote 20 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days. Their quality-of-life was measured, using the 'Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer Version', at baseline and at 1 month and 6 months after writing. Paired t-tests, multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression were used to analyse the data of the 97 participants who completed the journaling assignment and at least the first assessment, collected in 2006. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Expressive writing about one's breast cancer, breast cancer trauma and facts related to breast cancer, significantly improved the quality-of-life outcome. CONCLUSION: Expressive writing, focusing the instructions on writing about one's living and dealing with a diagnosis of breast cancer, is recommended for early breast cancer survivors as a feasible and easily implemented treatment approach to improve quality-of-life.
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Although therapeutic writing can certainly be a powerful tool to improve psychological health, the paradigm has been challenged several times with regards to its effectiveness and potential negative effects.
“Although therapeutic writing can certainly be a powerful tool to improve psychological health (Baum and Rude, 2013; Baikie and Wilhelm, 2005; Craft et al., 2013), the paradigm of has been challenged several times with regards to its effectiveness and potential negative effects (Nyssen et al., 2016; Mogk et al., 2006).”
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Art Therapy: An Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Cancer
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Prevalence and Predictors of Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes
Janis, B. M. (2015) · doi:10.12794/metadc801915
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Art Therapy: An Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Cancer
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Using Reflective Writing as a Nursing Intervention: Review of the Literature
Kennison, M. M. (2014) · Sigma Theta Tau International's 25th International Nursing Research Congress
- Authors
- Craft, M. A., Davis, G. C., & Paulson, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- Texas Woman's University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craft, Melissa A.
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-11
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-315
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2648
- OpenAlex
- W1929064821
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Keywords
- expressive writing, quality of life, writing prompts, emotional expression, psychological distress
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Breast Neoplasms, Emotions, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Stress, Psychological, Writing, Survivors
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