The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels and feelings of hunger in normal‐weight healthy men
Abstract
Summary: Sleep loss is currently proposed to disturb endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and obesity. Supporting this view, a reduction of sleep duration to 4 h for two consecutive nights has recently been shown to decrease circulating leptin levels and to increase ghrelin levels, as well as self‐reported hunger. We hypothesized that similar endocrine alterations occur even after a single night of sleep restriction. In a balanced order, nine healthy normal‐weight men spent three nights in our sleep laboratory separated by at least 2 weeks: one night with a total sleep time of 7 h, one night with a total sleep time of 4.5 h and one night with total sleep deprivation (SD). On a standard symptom‐rating scale, subjects rated markedly stronger feelings of hunger after total SD than after 7 h sleep (3.9 ± 0.7 versus 1.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.020) or 4.5 h sleep (2.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.041). Plasma ghrelin levels were 22 ± 10% higher after total SD than after 7 h sleep (0.85 ± 0.06 versus 0.72 ± 0.04 ng mL −1 ; P = 0.048) with intermediate levels of the hormone after 4.5 h sleep (0.77 ± 0.04 ng mL −1 ). Serum leptin levels did not differ between conditions. Feelings of hunger as well as plasma ghrelin levels are already elevated after one night of SD, whereas morning serum leptin concentrations remain unaffected. Thus, our results provide further evidence for a disturbing influence of sleep loss on endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis, which on the long run may result in weight gain and obesity.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A dose–response relationship between amounts of sleep, hunger ratings, and ghrelin levels was also reported in a study involving TSD, 4.5- and 7-hbedtimes [144].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [144]
In the citing paper
“A dose-response relationship between amounts of sleep, hunger ratings and ghrelin levels was also reported in a study involving TSD, 4.5-h and 7-h bedtimes [55].”
From Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite (2010) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“However, morning total ghrelin levels were increased after one night of sleep deprivation95,98 and in individuals with shorter habitual sleep durations.5”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“One night of total, but not partial, sleep deprivation, significantly increased hunger ratings in normal weight males.98,113”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“For example, a single night of TSD or PSD (4.5 hours in bed/night) leads to a significant increase in hunger [51].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“In yet another study with 9 healthy normal-weight men plasma ghrelin levels were 22% higher after total SD than after 7 hours of sleep (p <0.05) [51]. Feelings of hunger were elevated, whereas morning leptin concentrations remained unaffected.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477 · cited 4×
“, 2007), as well as with an elevated level of ghrelin that promotes hunger (Taheri et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialSpiegel, K., Tasali, E., Penev, P., & Cauter, E. V. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008 · Cited by 2,459
The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.01.002 · Cited by 1,365
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., L’Hermite-Balériaux, M., Copinschi, G., Penev, P. D., & Van Cauter, E. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1003 · Cited by 1,006
Inadequate Sleep as a Risk Factor for Obesity: Analyses of the NHANES I
Gangwisch, J. E., Malaspina, D., Boden-Albala, B., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.10.1289 · Cited by 905
Mean body weight, height, and body mass index, United States 1960-2002.
Ogden, C. L., Fryar, C. D., Carroll, M. D., & Flegal, K. M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 717
Hasler, G., Buysse, D. J., Klaghofer, R., Gamma, A., Ajdacic, V., Eich, D., Rössler, W., & Angst, J. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.661 · Cited by 672
Chaput, J., Després, J., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.512 · Cited by 498
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–370 of 370
A prospective controlled study about the effectiveness of a complementary obesity therapy
Louis, J. K. (2010) · Publikationsserver (Universitat Marburg) · doi:10.17192/z2010.0304
Benjamin, D. (2015) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Metabolic Effects of Sleep Restriction
Leroux, A. (2013) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Alex, E., Zanuto, C., Carlos, M., de Lima, S., de Araújo, R. G., Pereira, E., Cristina, C., Giulliano, D., Christofaro, D., & Araújo, R. D. A. (2015)
Alex, E., Zanuto, C., Carlos, M., de Lima, S., de Araújo, R. G., Pereira, E., Cristina, C., Giulliano, D., Christofaro, D., & Araújo, R. D. A. (2015)
da Silva, H. M. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library)
La privation de sommeil fait grossir : mythe ou réalité ?
Georges, M., Mouillot, T., Lombard, S., Pénicaud, L., & Brondel, L. (2016) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2016.02.002
Sleep Patterns and Health Status in Homeschool Children
(2015) · Family Medicine & Medical Science Research · doi:10.4172/2327-4972.1000177
Winters-Miner, L. A., Bolding, P. S., Hilbe, J. M., Goldstein, M., Hill, T., Nisbet, R., Walton, N., & Miner, G. D. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411643-6.00014-4
Greever, C. (2021) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/8436713.0
Association Between Objectively Sleep Pattern and Obesity in the Elderly
Abdollahi, S., Toupchian, O., Azam, K., Rahmati, M., & Djafarian, K. (2016) · International Journal of Health Studies · doi:10.22100/ijhs.v2i2.92
Non-visual effects of colored light
Rea, M. S., & Figueiro, M. G. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107337930.031
Hormone, Schlaf, zirkadiane Rhythmen und metabolische Gesundheit
Schultes, B., Hallschmid, M., Oster, H., Wilms, B., & Schmid, S. M. (2016) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-016-0081-3
Self-citationDalman, M. R. (2014) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Impact of Circadian and Sleep Disruption on Metabolic Health and Behavior
Stothard, E. R. (2017) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
The relationship between sleep and glucose control in gestational diabetes
Alnaji, A. (2017) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Medina, A. L. B. (2017) · Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola · doi:10.20511/usil.thesis/2906
The Epidemiology of Medical Diseases and Associated Behavioral Risk Factors
Lindeman, S., Nolan, J., & Maragakis, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93003-9_3
The Mechanisms of Weight Gain in Sleep-Deprived Individuals
Rosen, C. (2015) · Touro Scholar (Touro College)
Association Between Ageing and REM Sleep Loss: Noradrenaline Acting as a Mediator
Mehta, R., Kumar, A., & Mallick, B. N. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3_6
Neurological Modulations of Sleep
Bowles, N. P., & McHill, A. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816658-1.00032-6
Sleep Quality and Metabolic Disturbance in Public School Teachers of a Brazilian Capital
Silva, A. C. S. E., Ferreira, A. D. S., Filho, C. A. A. D., Ferreira, A. C., Mostarda, C. T., & Monteiro, S. C. M. (2020) · International Journal for Innovation Education and Research · doi:10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss10.2707
Barrett, R. S., & Francescutti, L. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51729-8_5
Pinkule, I. (2012) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)
Li, G., Wei, S., Zheng, F., Xu, X., Cai, Y., & Wu, S. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-30129/v4
Sleep in Obese Children and Adolescents
Lebenthal, Y., & Tauman, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65574-7_47
Sleep Physiology and Neuroendocrinology for Physiotherapists
Tempaku, P. F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85074-6_5
Li, G., Wei, S., Zheng, F., Xu, X., Cai, Y., & Wu, S. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-30129/v1
Gündoğdu, Ü. (2022) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.1019821
Lindeman, S., & Maragakis, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_24
Li, G., Wei, S., Zheng, F., Xu, X., Cai, Y., & Wu, S. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-30129/v3
The Circadian Axis and Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Varga, B., Ionescu, C.-N., & Szabó, M. I. M. (2022) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine · doi:10.2478/jim-2022-0017
Miner, L. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95274-3.00019-1
Obesidade e sua relação com o balanço energético
Barros, L. S. D. A., Melato, D., da Silva, G. F., & Centa, A. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/ciesaudesv1-106
Arjadi, F., Wahyudin, W., & Setyono, J. (2023) · AcTion Aceh Nutrition Journal · doi:10.30867/action.v8i2.930
New Perspectıves on Obesıty Related Novel Peptıdes
Koç, S., SARIYILDIZ, L., & Menevşe, E. (2023) · Ahi Evran Medical Journal · doi:10.46332/aemj.1215675
Bedeutung des circadianen Rhythmus für organisch bedingte Erkrankungen
Wiater, A. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21054-9.00006-9
Research Progress of Perioperative Sleep Disorders in Lung Cancer Patients
王, 柏. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.151080
Martinez, T., Manuel, R., Jetpuri, Z., & Gannarapu, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92166-7_4
Insomnia and Common Complications of Pregnancy
Sanapo, L., & Garbazza, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95948-6_2
Fong-Isariyawongse, J. S. (2025) · doi:10.64628/aai.uppgkvrjw
Assessment of Dysphagia in Chinese Cohort of Angelman Syndrome: An Observational Study
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Du, X., Wang, T., Wang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70587
Autism spectrum and disordered eating: the mediating roles of poor sleep quality and mood problems
Ates, H. H., Newman, E., & Williams, J. M. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08331-8
Knockdown of Mct1 in the arcuate nucleus increases food-anticipatory activity in mice
Martini, T., & Albrecht, U. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1642386
Hypothalamic and physiological regulation of sleep in cancer
Boyd, L., & Borniger, J. C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-28938-5.00007-6
Geysen, S., Brands, A. M. A., Schultz, H., Koenig, J., Tittgemeyer, M., & Peters, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683454
Die Rolle gastrointestinaler Peptidhormone für REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung und Morbus Parkinson
Unger, M. M., Ries, V., Thomi, D., Vadász, D., Krenzer, M., Zoche, M., & Oertel, W. H. (2014) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-014-0675-8
Grandner, M. A., Olivieri, A., Ahuja, A., Büsser, A., Freidank, M., & McCall, W. V. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23849507
Fong-Isariyawongse, J. S. (2026) · The Conversation · doi:10.64628/aai.gv3ccjd9n
Liver clock: Malalignment and entrainment therapeutics
Sharma, S., Pandey, S., & Mishra, A. K. (2026) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i1.112588
Stager, L. M., Maruvada, A., Morgan, C. H., Taha, R., Goss, A. M., Cook, E. W., & Fobian, A. D. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106606
Manque de sommeil et maladies métaboliques
Guyon, A. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7335d3efz7b92z4c08z8e32z2fe58a54983e
Siopa, C., Duarte, A., Lopes, J. R., Correia, D. T., & Novais, F. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106629
Dai, M., Kuang, X., Wang, Y., & Tai, W. (2026) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s584233 · Cited by 1
Ribau, Z. J., Subedi, S. D., Vallis, L. A., Coyle-Asbil, H. J., Annis, A., Nixon, M., Hillyer, L. M., Duncan, A. M., Haines, J., & David, W. L. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18121906
Geysen, S., Brands, A. M. A., Schultz, H., Koenig, J., Tittgemeyer, M., & Peters, J. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1330
Сънят като основа на здравето: последици от нездравословния сън и ролята на хигиената на съня
Taskov, D. (2025) · Българска неврология · doi:10.67667/neu.v26i1.194
Li, J.-K., Wang, R., Meng, X.-Y., & Kang, J. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02890-3
Alves, S., Esteves, F., Slezáková, K., Pereira, M. D. C., Costa, S., Morais, S., Teixeira, J. P., Julio, M. P. M., Fernandes, H., Fernandes, A. M. P. D. S., et al. (2026) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02052-9_15
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Atrial Fibrillation: Current Evidence and Emerging Research Directions
Basiukiewicz, P., Chen, S., Mills, M. T., & Futyma, P. (2026) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm50804
Votre cerveau s’entraîne comme un muscle : une neurologue explique comment le renforcer
Fong-Isariyawongse, J. S. (2026) · The Conversation · doi:10.64628/aap.w96yknenm
Ghrelin: a gastric peptide linking sleep and energy balance
Unger, M. M., & Oertel, W. H. (2013) · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-763-9_11
Sleep-Focused Interventions: Investigating the Effects of Sleep Restriction on Energy Balance
St‐Onge, M., & Shechter, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9527-7_11
Metadata
- Authors
- SCHMID, S. M., HALLSCHMID, M., JAUCH‐CHARA, K., BORN, J., & SCHULTES, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen (CH)
- Corresponding author
- SCHULTES, BERND
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08-21
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-334
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- OpenAlex
- W2035900275
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, ghrelin, leptin, hunger, energy homeostasis, sleep restriction, obesity, weight gain, appetite regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Homeostasis, Humans, Hunger, Male, Reference Values, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Leptin, Ghrelin, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
