A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels and feelings of hunger in normal‐weight healthy men
Abstract
Summary: Sleep loss is currently proposed to disturb endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and obesity. Supporting this view, a reduction of sleep duration to 4 h for two consecutive nights has recently been shown to decrease circulating leptin levels and to increase ghrelin levels, as well as self‐reported hunger. We hypothesized that similar endocrine alterations occur even after a single night of sleep restriction. In a balanced order, nine healthy normal‐weight men spent three nights in our sleep laboratory separated by at least 2 weeks: one night with a total sleep time of 7 h, one night with a total sleep time of 4.5 h and one night with total sleep deprivation (SD). On a standard symptom‐rating scale, subjects rated markedly stronger feelings of hunger after total SD than after 7 h sleep (3.9 ± 0.7 versus 1.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.020) or 4.5 h sleep (2.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.041). Plasma ghrelin levels were 22 ± 10% higher after total SD than after 7 h sleep (0.85 ± 0.06 versus 0.72 ± 0.04 ng mL −1 ; P = 0.048) with intermediate levels of the hormone after 4.5 h sleep (0.77 ± 0.04 ng mL −1 ). Serum leptin levels did not differ between conditions. Feelings of hunger as well as plasma ghrelin levels are already elevated after one night of SD, whereas morning serum leptin concentrations remain unaffected. Thus, our results provide further evidence for a disturbing influence of sleep loss on endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis, which on the long run may result in weight gain and obesity.
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A dose-response relationship between sleep amount, hunger ratings, and ghrelin levels was reported in a study involving total sleep deprivation and 4.5- and 7-h bedtimes.
“A dose–response relationship between amounts of sleep, hunger ratings, and ghrelin levels was also reported in a study involving TSD, 4.5- and 7-hbedtimes [144].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [144]
A dose-response relationship between amounts of sleep, hunger ratings and ghrelin levels was reported in a study involving TSD, 4.5-h and 7-h bedtimes.
“A dose-response relationship between amounts of sleep, hunger ratings and ghrelin levels was also reported in a study involving TSD, 4.5-h and 7-h bedtimes [55].”
From Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite (2010) · cites this paper as [55]
Morning total ghrelin levels are increased after one night of sleep deprivation and in individuals with shorter habitual sleep durations.
“However, morning total ghrelin levels were increased after one night of sleep deprivation95,98 and in individuals with shorter habitual sleep durations.5”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
One night of total, but not partial, sleep deprivation significantly increases hunger ratings in normal weight males.
“One night of total, but not partial, sleep deprivation, significantly increased hunger ratings in normal weight males.98,113”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
A single night of total sleep deprivation or partial sleep deprivation (4.5 hours in bed/night) leads to a significant increase in hunger.
“For example, a single night of TSD or PSD (4.5 hours in bed/night) leads to a significant increase in hunger [51].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
In 9 healthy normal-weight men, plasma ghrelin levels were 22% higher after total sleep deprivation than after 7 hours of sleep (p<0.05); feelings of hunger were elevated, whereas morning leptin concentrations remained unaffected.
“In yet another study with 9 healthy normal-weight men plasma ghrelin levels were 22% higher after total SD than after 7 hours of sleep (p <0.05) [51]. Feelings of hunger were elevated, whereas morning leptin concentrations remained unaffected.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- SCHMID, S. M., HALLSCHMID, M., JAUCH‐CHARA, K., BORN, J., & SCHULTES, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen (CH)
- Corresponding author
- SCHULTES, BERND
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-08-21
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-334
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- OpenAlex
- W2035900275
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, ghrelin, leptin, hunger, energy homeostasis, sleep restriction, obesity, weight gain, appetite regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Homeostasis, Humans, Hunger, Male, Reference Values, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Leptin, Ghrelin, Young Adult
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