The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The rotational approach to medical education: time to confront our assumptions?
Abstract
Medical Education 2011: 45 : 69–80 Context Trainees in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education engage in multiple transitions as part of the educational process, including many transitions that occur on both periodic and daily bases within medical education programmes. The clinical rotation, based on either a medical discipline or clinical care setting and occurring over a predetermined, short period of time, is a deeply entrenched educational approach with its roots in Abraham Flexner’s seminal report. Many assumptions about the presumed benefits of clinical rotations have become pervasive despite a lack of empirical evidence on their optimal timing and structure, and on how transitions between clinical rotations should occur. Methods In this paper, we examine the issue of rotational transitions from the three perspectives of sociology, learning theory, and the improvement of quality and safety. Results Discussion from the sociological perspective addresses the need for much greater attention to interprofessional relationships and professional development, whereas that from the learning theory perspective examines the gap between what is known from pedagogical and cognitive science and what is currently practised (learning theory). Discussion from the perspective of improving quality and safety refers to the critical need to embed trainees in functional clinical microsystems as meaningful participants. Conclusions Research is urgently needed on the effects of transitions on trainees, faculty staff, non‐doctor health care providers and patients in order to optimise future competency‐based training models and confirm or refute current assumptions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Collectively, these activities are best achieved through longitudinal relationships with faculty who assimilate various sources of information (e.g., direct observation, multisource feedback) and provide customized appraisal and feedback, facilitating an exploration to identify improvement areas [13–20].”
In the citing paper
“Ideally, direct observation would be performed by supervisors in clinical settings, but as has been previously identified, residents’ interactions with faculty supervisors are often fragmented in rotations, limiting sustained working relationships that allow for customized improvement of clinical skills [14,15].”
Citations
Cites
The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species
Tiedeman, D. V., & Knowles, M. S. (1979) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1174362 · Cited by 3,872
LaVan, H., & Carley, C. (1984) · Simulation & Games · doi:10.1177/0037550084152005 · Cited by 3,151
The Improvement Guide: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Organizational Performance
(1997) · Quality Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10686967.1998.11919154 · Cited by 2,878
Davis, D. A., Mazmanian, P. E., Fordis, M., Van Harrison, R., Thorpe, K. E., & Perrier, L. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.9.1094 · Cited by 2,375
The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention.
Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice · doi:10.1037/h0086006 · Cited by 2,212
Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge.
Clausen, G. T., & Freidson, E. (1971) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093843 · Cited by 2,047
Hafferty, F. W. (1998) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199804000-00013 · Cited by 1,881
The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education
Hafferty, F. W., & Franks, R. A. (1994) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199411000-00001 · Cited by 1,745
Understanding and Facilitating Adult Learning
Votruba, J. C., & Brookfield, S. (1987) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1981795 · Cited by 1,680
Ericsson, K. A. (2006) · The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816796.038 · Cited by 1,629
Medical Education in the United States and Canada.
Flexner, A. (1911) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1911.00060010141008 · Cited by 1,626
Carraccio, C. L., Wolfsthal, S. D., Englander, R., Ferentz, K. S., & Martin, C. (2002) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200205000-00003 · Cited by 979
American Medical Education 100 Years after the Flexner Report
Cooke, M., Irby, D. M., Sullivan, W., & Ludmerer, K. M. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra055445 · Cited by 883
Medical Education in the United States and Canada
Flexner, A. (1910) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.32.810.41 · Cited by 827
Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure.
Broadhead, R. S., & Bosk, C. L. (1981) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066542 · Cited by 822
Interdisciplinary education and teamwork: a long and winding road
Hall, P., & Weaver, L. A. (2001) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00919.x · Cited by 797
Identity, identification and medical education: why should we care?
Monrouxe, L. V. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03440.x · Cited by 733
American medical education 100 years after the Flexner report.
Saidi, F. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 678
Time to heal: American medical education from the turn of the century to the era of managed care
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-4543 · Cited by 649
Beauchamp, D. E. (1983) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2149741 · Cited by 623
Arora, V. M. (2005) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.2005.015107 · Cited by 607
“Continuity” as an Organizing Principle for Clinical Education Reform
Hirsh, D. A., Ogur, B., Thibault, G. E., & Cox, M. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsb061660 · Cited by 540
Developing Student Autonomy in Learning
Boud, D. J. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203059036 · Cited by 523
Kern, F., Becker, H., & Geer, B. (1962) · Journal of Health and Human Behavior · doi:10.2307/2948605 · Cited by 497
Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety
Ulmer, C. C., Wolman, D. M., & Johns, M. M. E. (2009) · Cited by 481
“I'll never play professional football” and other fallacies of self-assessment
Eva, K. W., & Regehr, G. (2008) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.150 · Cited by 452
Microsystems in Health Care: Part 1. Learning from High-Performing Front-Line Clinical Units
Nelson, E. C., Batalden, P. B., Huber, T. P., Mohr, J. J., Godfrey, M. M., Headrick, L. A., & Wasson, J. H. (2002) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement · doi:10.1016/s1070-3241(02)28051-7 · Cited by 451
The Politics of women's health: exploring agency and autonomy
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-3364 · Cited by 418
Developing student autonomy in learning
Dalton, R. H. F. (1982) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/0738-0593(82)90084-0 · Cited by 399
Consequences of Inadequate Sign-out for Patient Care
Horwitz, L. I., Moin, T., Krumholz, H. M., Wang, L., & Bradley, E. H. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.16.1755 · Cited by 384
Broadening conceptions of learning in medical education: the message from teamworking
Bleakley, A. (2006) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02371.x · Cited by 376
Opportunity or threat: the ambiguity of the consequences of transitions in medical education
Teunissen, P. W., & Westerman, M. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03755.x · Cited by 342
Quality by design : a clinical microsystems approach
Nelson, E. C., Batalden, P. B., & Godfrey, M. M. (2007) · Jossey-Bass eBooks · Cited by 328
Carpenter, D. P. (2019) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-7611683 · Cited by 323
How Can I Know What I Don't Know? Poor Self Assessment in a Well-Defined Domain
Eva, K. W., Cunnington, J. P. W., Reiter, H., Keane, D. R., & Norman, G. R. (2004) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1023/b:ahse.0000038209.65714.d4 · Cited by 302
Residents' Suggestions for Reducing Errors in Teaching Hospitals
Volpp, K. G. M., & Grande, D. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsb021667 · Cited by 294
Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure
Bosk, C. L. (1979) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226924687.001.0001 · Cited by 291
Professional Dynamics and the Changing Nature of Medical Work
Hafferty, F. W., & Light, D. W. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2626961 · Cited by 285
Norris, T. E., Schaad, D. C., DeWitt, D. E., Ogur, B., & Hunt, D. D. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181a85776 · Cited by 282
Complexity science and health care management
McDaniel, R. R., & Driebe, D. J. (2004) · Advances in health care management · doi:10.1016/s1474-8231(01)02021-3 · Cited by 277
Ericsson, K. A. (2007) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02946.x · Cited by 271
Hauer, K. E., Ciccone, A., Henzel, T. R., Katsufrakis, P. J., Miller, S. H., Norcross, W. A., Papadakis, M. A., & Irby, D. M. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181bf3170 · Cited by 259
Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge
Ford, A. B. (1970) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03180020094030 · Cited by 254
Zwarenstein, M., & Reeves, S. (2006) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.50 · Cited by 253
Wong, D. B. (1984) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520335028 · Cited by 252
Outcome-Based Education: the future is today
Harden, R. M. (2007) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590701729930 · Cited by 242
Effective healthcare teams require effective team members: defining teamwork competencies
Leggat, S. G. (2007) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-17 · Cited by 230
Baker, D. P., Eduardo Salas, A., King, H. B., Battles, J. B., & Barach, P. R. (2005) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(05)31025-7 · Cited by 225
Measure, Learn, And Improve: Physicians’ Involvement In Quality Improvement
Audet, A.-M. J., Doty, M. M., Shamasdin, J., & Schoenbaum, S. C. (2005) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.843 · Cited by 219
Suchman, A. L. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00308.x · Cited by 217
Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity
Schwarz, S. D. (1997) · International Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.5840/ipq199737172 · Cited by 216
Measuring Resident Well-Being: Impostorism and Burnout Syndrome in Residency
Legassie, J., Zibrowski, E. M., & Goldszmidt, M. A. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0536-x · Cited by 215
Ogrinc, G. S., Headrick, L. A., Mutha, S., Coleman, M. T., O’Donnell, J., & Miles, P. V. (2003) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200307000-00019 · Cited by 199
Kennedy, T. J. T., Regehr, G., Baker, G. R., & Lingard, L. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b128 · Cited by 190
OʼBrien, B. C., Cooke, M., & Irby, D. M. (2007) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31814a4fd5 · Cited by 186
Langford, J., & Clance, P. R. (1993) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.30.3.495 · Cited by 184
International Medical Education and Future Directions: A Global Perspective
Harden, R. M. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.acm.0000243411.19573.58 · Cited by 179
Lanham, H. J., McDaniel, R. R., Crabtree, B. F., Miller, W. L., Stange, K. C., Tallia, A. F., & Nutting, P. A. (2009) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35064-3 · Cited by 170
Teaching and assessing resident competence in practice-based learning and improvement
Ogrinc, G. S., Headrick, L. A., Morrison, L. J., & Foster, T. C. (2004) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30102.x · Cited by 166
Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Clinical Competence
Huh, S. Y. (2022) · Korean Medical Education Review · doi:10.17496/kmer.2022.24.2.176 · Cited by 162
Ogur, B., & Hirsh, D. A. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181a85793 · Cited by 156
Bernabeo, E. C., Holtman, M. C., Ginsburg, S., Rosenbaum, J. R., & Holmboe, E. S. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e318212c2c9 · Cited by 152
Self-citationSmith, R. S. (1999) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421599979978 · Cited by 147
Kennedy, T. J. T., Regehr, G., Baker, G. R., & Lingard, L. A. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03382.x · Cited by 141
MacDonald, C. (2002) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1191/0969733002ne498oa · Cited by 138
Trends in Medical Education Research
Regehr, G. (2004) · Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · doi:10.1097/00001888-200410000-00008 · Cited by 127
Warm, E. J., Schauer, D. P., Diers, T., Mathis, B. R., Neirouz, Y., Boex, J. R., & Rouan, G. W. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0588-y · Cited by 125
Reforming internal medicine residency training
Holmboe, E. S., Bowen, J. L., Green, M., Gregg, J. L., DiFrancesco, L., Reynolds, E. E., Alguire, P. C., Battinelli, D. L., Lucey, C. R., & Duffy, D. (2005) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0249.x · Cited by 109
Self-citationHorwitz, L. I., Moin, T., Krumholz, H. M., Wang, L., & Bradley, E. H. (2009) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.2008.028654 · Cited by 106
Lipner, R. S., Bylsma, W. H., Arnold, G. K., Fortna, G. S., Tooker, J., & Cassel, C. K. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00007 · Cited by 102
Temporary matters. The ethical consequences of transient social relationships in medical training
Christakis, D. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.278.9.739 · Cited by 102
Teaching and Improving Quality of Care in a Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Clinic
Holmboe, E. S., Prince, L., & Green, M. (2005) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200506000-00012 · Cited by 97
Self-citationTeherani, A., OʼBrien, B. C., Masters, D. E., Poncelet, A. N., Robertson, P. A., & Hauer, K. E. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181b38b01 · Cited by 93
Windish, D. M., Reed, D. A., Boonyasai, R. T., Chakraborti, C., & Bass, E. B. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181bfa080 · Cited by 83
Microsystems in Health Care: Part 9. Developing Small Clinical Units to Attain Peak Performance
Batalden, P. B., Nelson, E. C., Edwards, W. H., Godfrey, M. M., & Mohr, J. J. (2003) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Safety · doi:10.1016/s1549-3741(03)29068-7 · Cited by 80
Perspective: The Unintended Consequences of Training Residents in Dysfunctional Outpatient Settings
Keirns, C. C., & Bosk, C. L. (2008) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31816be3ab · Cited by 72
Bowen, J. L., Salerno, S. M., Chamberlain, J. K., Eckstrom, E., Chen, H. L., & Brandenburg, S. L. (2005) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0248.x · Cited by 71
Sources of ethical conflict in medical housestaff training: a qualitative study
Rosenbaum, J. R., Bradley, E. H., Holmboe, E. S., Farrell, M. H., & Krumholz, H. M. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.044 · Cited by 69
Self-citationChristakis, D. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550090063034 · Cited by 64
Zen and the Art of Physician Autonomy Maintenance
Reinertsen, J. L. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-12-200306170-00011 · Cited by 59
Perspective: The ACGME Toolbox: Half Empty or Half Full?
Green, M. L., & Holmboe, E. S. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181d737a6 · Cited by 56
Self-citationCommentary: Identifying Attitudes Towards Empathy: An Essential Feature of Professionalism
Crandall, S. J. S., & Marion, G. S. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181b17b11 · Cited by 55
Developing an outcome‐focused core curriculum
Newble, D. I., Stark, P., Bax, N., & Lawson, M. (2005) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02198.x · Cited by 55
Cleary, L. (2008) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e318181cfbc · Cited by 45
Longitudinal, Integrated Clerkship Education: Better for Learners and Patients
Hauer, K. E., OʼBrien, B. C., & Poncelet, A. N. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181a824bc · Cited by 45
Student learning experiences in a longitudinal clerkship programme
Mihalynuk, T. V., Bates, J., Page, G., & Fraser, J. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03040.x · Cited by 41
Cox, S. M. (2008) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e318181cfe6 · Cited by 40
Linking Process to Outcome: Are We Training Pediatricians to Meet Evolving Health Care Needs?
Jones, M. D., McGuinness, G. A., First, L., & Leslie, L. K. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1578c · Cited by 32
“Forward Feeding” About Studentsʼ Progress: More Information Will Enable Better Policy
Pangaro, L. N. (2008) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e318181d025 · Cited by 30
Interval Examination: The Ambulatory Long Block
Warm, E. J. (2010) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1362-5 · Cited by 26
Lynn, L. A., Hess, B., Conforti, L. N., Lipner, R. S., & Holmboe, E. S. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181bf6f38 · Cited by 18
Self-citationCommentary: Flexner Redux 2010: Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Whitcomb, M. E. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181bb25db · Cited by 15
Tackling Care Transitions: Mom and Apple Pie vs. the Devil in the Details
Arora, V. M. (2009) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1021-x · Cited by 8
Prevalence and Functionality of Electronic Health Records in Internal Medicine Continuity Clinics
Reddy, S. G., Babbott, S. F., Beasley, B. W., Nadkarni, M. M., Gertner, E. J., & Holmboe, E. S. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181df1903 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- NascaTJ.Where will the ‘milestones’ take us? The next accreditation system. ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education] Bulletin September 2008.http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/bulletin/ACG11_BulletinSep08_F.PDF. [Accessed 21 September 2010.]
- Association of American Medical Colleges, 2004, Educating Doctors to Provide High Quality Medical Care: A Vision for Medical Education in the United States
- Cooke M, 2010, Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. [Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
- Axelson RD, 2009, Assessment in the Health Professions, 57
- Institute of Medicine, 2003, Educating Health Professionals: A Bridge to Quality
- Kegan R, 2001, How the Way We Talk Can Change the Way We Work, 67
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognitive Load Theory: Implications for medical education: AMEE Guide No. 86
Young, J. Q., Van Merrienboer, J., Durning, S., & Ten Cate, O. (2014) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.889290 · Cited by 935
Implementation of competency‐based medical education: are we addressing the concerns and challenges?
Hawkins, R. E., Welcher, C. M., Holmboe, E. S., Kirk, L. M., Norcini, J. J., Simons, K. B., & Skochelak, S. E. (2015) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12831 · Cited by 409
Self-citationFaculty Development in Assessment: The Missing Link in Competency-Based Medical Education
Holmboe, E. S., Ward, D. S., Reznick, R. K., Katsufrakis, P. J., Leslie, K., Patel, V. L., Ray, D. D., & Nelson, E. A. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31820cb2a7 · Cited by 325
Self-citationLaDonna, K. A., Ginsburg, S., & Watling, C. (2017) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002046 · Cited by 315
Self-citationShadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail
Beane, M. (2019) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839217751692 · Cited by 286
Metadata
- Authors
- Holmboe, E., Ginsburg, S., & Bernabeo, E.
- Affiliations
- American Board of Internal Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holmboe, Eric
- Venue
- Medical Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-12-14
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-80
- ISSN
- 0308-0110 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2923
- OpenAlex
- W1602196365
- Semantic Scholar
- 480b3d7bd63f03c8d6c4c41ced709e3e9dbbd883
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Education (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Education
- Keywords
- clinical rotations, rotational transitions, undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, interprofessional relations, professional development, learning theory, cognitive science, quality and safety, clinical microsystems, competency-based training, trainee experiences
- MeSH terms
- Competency-Based Education, Education, Medical, Graduate, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Humans, Students, Medical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review