The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defining and Measuring Servant Leadership Behaviour in Organizations
Abstract
abstract This paper examines the development and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of servant leadership behaviour (Servant Leadership Behaviour Scale). Both qualitative and quantitative studies are reported to establish preliminary psychometric properties for the new 35‐item, six‐dimension measure. The resultant servant leadership model is characterized by its service orientation, holistic outlook, and moral‐spiritual emphasis, thereby extending current models of servant leadership and existing works on contemporary leadership approaches. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
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“2008 is significant in servant leadership research as it when the Sendjaya, Sarros, and Santora (2008) and the Liden, Wayne, Zhao, and Henderson (2008) measures were published, and we saw the first publications using the Ehrhart's (2004) measure”
From Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research (2019) · cites this paper as Sendjaya, Sarros, and Santora (2008)
In the citing paper
“The intercorrelations between the dimensions ranged between .66 and .87, which is a matter of concern for the proposed multi-dimensional structure.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
In the citing paper
“Regretfully, their study does not provide information on the solidity of the hypothesized six-dimensional structure. The authors only tested the one-dimensionality of each of the six core dimensions separately.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
In the citing paper
“A few years ago, Sendjaya et al. (2008) introduced an instrument consisting of 35 items representing 22 characteristics divided over six scales.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
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“…[7] Dimensions of Servant Leadership Altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, organizational stewardship Sendjaya et al. [9] Servant Leadership Behavior Scale Voluntary subordination, authentic self, covenantal relationship, responsible morality, transcendental…”
BackgroundPhysician Assistants as Servant Leaders: Meeting the Needs of the Underserved
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“The questionnaire consists of 6 dimensions of Servant Leadership with 15 values and 35 questions (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialTrauma-informed servant leadership in health and social care settings
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Influences of Theory and Practice in the Development of Servant Leadership in Students
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Universality of Servant Leadership
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Servant leadership informed trauma peer support
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“…attaching importance to others, serving others, and so on, coinciding with terms such as self-sacrifice, selfless dedication, and altruism (Barbuto & Wheeler, 2006; Ehrhart, 2004; Green et al., 2016; Liden et al., 2008; Reed et al., 2011; Sendjaya et al., 2008; Van Dierendonck & Nuijten, 2011).”
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“…et al. 2011, Eisenbeiss 2012), spiritual leadership (Fry 2003, Chen and Li 2013), servant leadership (Barbuto and Wheeler 2006, Liden et al. 2008, Sendjaya et al. 2008, Van Dierendonck and Nuijten 2011), authentic leadership (Avolio and Gardner 2005, Gardner et al. 2005a, 2005b, Gardner et al.…”
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“…of scales within the leadership domain, we positioned our study as preliminary development work based on a priori established constructs and sought guidance from previous scale development studies that adopted more concise research procedures (e.g., Barbuto & Wheeler, 2006; Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
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The Accompanying Servant-Leader: Facilitating Change That Builds Engaged Partnerships
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Workplace Leadership: A Review of Prior Research
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Exploring female leadership: servant leadership practices in basic education in Oman
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“Servant leadership is often popular because it is responsive to the environment and helps develop positive attitudes among followers (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
Benefits of servant leadership for teachers: a systematic review
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“This measurement inconsistency enriches research on service leadership while limiting cross-study comparisons and weakening theoretical accumulation (Sendjaya et al. 2008).”
Hu, S. M., Nadeem, M. A., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1708935 · Cited by 6
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership in Education
Hossain, M. F., Uddin, M. S., Rana, M. S., & Siddique, D. M. N.-E.-A. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/2562 · Cited by 9
“(Abbas et al., 2022) Six aspects of SL by Sendjaya et al. (2008).”
How Servant Leadership Principles Affect Employee Turnover at a Solid Waste Management Firm
Thacker, C., Sullivan, G., & Self, S. (2019) · Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics · doi:10.33423/jlae.v16i2.2023 · Cited by 1
“The actions a servant leader takes coupled with the self-concept of who a servant leader is lead to not only performing a unique service but, more importantly, to being a dedicated servant (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundUbuntu – “I Am Because We Are”
Dowdeswell, K., & Hoobler, J. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01323-2_57 · Cited by 4
Dami, Z. A. (2024) · Management in Education · doi:10.1177/08920206241266731 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Thomas Edison State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sendjaya, Sen
- ORCID
- Sendjaya, Sen
- Venue
- Journal of Management Studies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 402-424
- ISSN
- 0022-2380 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6486
- OpenAlex
- W1527890691
- Semantic Scholar
- 84d311076c7e2f127aa0b0fefa965301790df877
- Cited by
- 844
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 50.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- servant leadership, psychometric validation, service orientation, holistic leadership
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