The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defining and Measuring Servant Leadership Behaviour in Organizations
Abstract
abstract This paper examines the development and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of servant leadership behaviour (Servant Leadership Behaviour Scale). Both qualitative and quantitative studies are reported to establish preliminary psychometric properties for the new 35‐item, six‐dimension measure. The resultant servant leadership model is characterized by its service orientation, holistic outlook, and moral‐spiritual emphasis, thereby extending current models of servant leadership and existing works on contemporary leadership approaches. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“2008 is significant in servant leadership research as it when the Sendjaya, Sarros, and Santora (2008) and the Liden, Wayne, Zhao, and Henderson (2008) measures were published, and we saw the first publications using the Ehrhart's (2004) measure”
From Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research (2019) · cites this paper as Sendjaya, Sarros, and Santora (2008)
In the citing paper
“The intercorrelations between the dimensions ranged between .66 and .87, which is a matter of concern for the proposed multi-dimensional structure.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
In the citing paper
“Regretfully, their study does not provide information on the solidity of the hypothesized six-dimensional structure. The authors only tested the one-dimensionality of each of the six core dimensions separately.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
In the citing paper
“A few years ago, Sendjaya et al. (2008) introduced an instrument consisting of 35 items representing 22 characteristics divided over six scales.”
From The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure (2011) · cites this paper as Sendjaya et al. (2008)
Citations
Cites
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879 · Cited by 82,194
Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook
(1994) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2 · Cited by 48,420
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Herne, H., Cooley, W. W., & Lohnes, P. R. (1973) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344428 · Cited by 35,801
Einax, J. W., Zwanziger, H. W., & Geiß, S. (1997) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/352760216x.ch5 · Cited by 18,779
(1991) · Cited by 15,554
Longshore, J. M., & Bass, B. M. (1987) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258081 · Cited by 12,424
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195
Research in Organizational Behavior
Hammer, E. R., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258300 · Cited by 11,176
Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods
Lotto, L. S., Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1986) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737008003329 · Cited by 10,357
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- Badaracco J. L., 2002, Leading Quietly
- Banks R., 2000, Faith in Leadership
- Blackaby H., 2001, Spiritual Leadership
- Blanchard K. H., 2003, The Servant Leader: Transforming Your Heart, Head, Hands and Habits
- Burns J. M., 1978, Leadership
- De Pree M., 1992, Leadership Jazz
- Ford L., 1991, Transforming Leadership: Jesus' Way of Creating Vision, Shaping Values and Empowering Change
- Getz G. A., 1984, Serving One Another
- Graham J. W., 1993, Commitment and covenantal organization, Journal of Managerial Issues, 5, 483
- Greenleaf R. K., 1977, Servant Leadership
- Hesse H., 1956, Journey to the East
- Jaworski J., 1997, Insights on Servant Leadership: Service, Stewardship, Spirit, and Servant Leadership
- Kurth K., 2003, Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance
- MacCallum R. C., 1995, Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications
- Maddock R. C., 1998, Motivations, Emotions, and Leadership
- Marshall T., 1991, Understanding Leadership: Fresh Perspectives on the Essentials of New Testament Leadership
- Minichiello V., 1995, In‐Depth Interviewing
- Nunnally J. C., 1978, Psychometric Theory
- Palmer P. J., 1998, Insights on Leadership: Service, Stewardship, Spirit, and Servant Leadership
- Pekerti A. A. Sendjaya S.andAyoko O. B.(2007).Follow the Servant Leader: The Mediating Role of Followers’ Affect Experiences in the Link Between Servant Leadership and Organizational Behavior. International Society for Research on Emotions Conference Sunshine Coast QLD.
- Pollard C. W., 1996, The Soul of the Firm
- Richards L., 2002, Introducing NVivo: A Workshop Handbook
- Sanders O. J., 1994, Spiritual Leadership
- Swindoll C. R., 1981, Improving Your Serve
- Tashakkori A., 1998, Mixed Methodology
- Wilkes C. G., 1998, Jesus on Leadership: Discovering the Secrets of Servant Leadership from the Life of Christ
- Wright W. C., 2000, Relational Leadership: A Biblical Model for Influence and Service
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 761
Servant Leadership and Constructive Development Theory: How Servant Leaders Make Meaning of Service
Phipps, K. A. (2010) · Journal of Leadership Education · doi:10.12806/v9/i2/tf1 · Cited by 21
“According to Sendjaya, Sarros, and Santora (2008), servant leaders practice voluntary subordination that is attending to the legitimate needs of others.”
BackgroundInfluentialIn search of clarity on servant leadership: domain specification and reconceptualization
VanMeter, R. A., Chonko, L. B., Grisaffe, D. B., & Goad, E. A. (2016) · AMS Review · doi:10.1007/s13162-016-0075-2 · Cited by 27
“Agapao implies that a servant leader is emotionally, physically, and spiritually present for followers (Ferch and Mitchell 2001), fostering an environment of Table 3 (continued) Paper Variables associated with servant leadership Servant leadership scale used Oner (2012) Paternalistic Leadership Items from Barbuto and…”
BackgroundInfluentialServant and Spiritual Leadership Theories: Are They Two Different Notions?
Contreras, F. (2016) · Journal of Human Values · doi:10.1177/0971685816650578 · Cited by 21
Servant Leadership and Its Relation to Work Performance
Gašková, J. (2020) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.236 · Cited by 33
“Empirical research is enhanced by available rigorous measures of servant leadership (Liden et al., 2008; Sendjaya et al., 2008; Van Dierendonck & Nuijten, 2011).”
MethodBrouns, T., Externbrink, K., & Blesa Aledo, P. S. (2020) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci10020020 · Cited by 20
“…evidence suggests its beneficial effects on follower performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), beyond transformational leadership and leader-member-exchange (LMX), across different jobs and cultures (e.g., Liden et al. 2008; Van Dierendonck and Nuijten 2011; Sendjaya et al. 2008).”
BackgroundWen, J., Huo, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, L., & Liu, X. (2024) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2024.105035 · Cited by 23
Ryan, P., Odhiambo, G. O., & Wilson, R. (2019) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2019.1640892 · Cited by 24
Sheikh, A. A., Ishaq, Q.-U.-A., & Inam, A. (2019) · doi:10.34091/ajss.12.2.01 · Cited by 20
“The greatest sign of servant leadership is that when followers are possibly be trying to make themselves servants too (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundServant leadership, team-based learning and hope and optimism: A sectoral comparative study
Grobler, A., & Flotman, A.-P. (2021) · South African Journal of Business Management · doi:10.4102/sajbm.v52i1.2444 · Cited by 24
The common welfare human resource management system
Chiva, R. (2014) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-01-2014-0026 · Cited by 25
“Servant leadership is an emerging leadership approach that emphasizes aspects such as service, spirituality, accountability, wholeness or trust (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundOrtiz-Gómez, M., Ariza‐Montes, A., & Molina‐Sánchez, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228542 · Cited by 26
“[36] who argue that servant leadership emphasizes a spiritual orientation and consider spirituality a sine qua non dimension of this type of leadership.”
BackgroundAwasthi, P., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2022) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13552 · Cited by 29
Legutko, B. (2020) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.21683 · Cited by 19
A confirmatory factor analytical study of a servant leadership measure in South Africa
Mahembe, B., & Engelbrecht, A. S. (2013) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1127 · Cited by 20
Hasanuddin, B., Mustainah, M., & Buntuang, P. C. D. (2021) · Problems and Perspectives in Management · doi:10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.37 · Cited by 17
“In this situation, servant leadership is highly needed because it combines several leadership models or can be called a comprehensive leadership model (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
Cai, D., Wang, H., Yao, L., Li, M., & Men, C. (2022) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-10-2021-0450 · Cited by 17
A Theory Based Model of Interpersonal Leadership: An Integration of the Literature
Lamm, K. W., Carter, H. S., & Lamm, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Leadership Education · doi:10.12806/v15/i4/t2 · Cited by 18
“Consequently there has been a necessity for effective leaders to voluntarily subordinate their wants for the needs of their followers (Sendjaya et al., 2008) without checking out or becoming detached from the execution of the process (Metcalfe, 1984).”
BackgroundUnlocking the Mask: a Close Look at how Servant Leaders Influence People
Huang, C., Qian, J., Jin, Z., & Wang, B. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9576-x · Cited by 20
From commanding to serving athletes: Nurturing the coach–athlete relationship
Kim, M., Kim, Y., & Won, D. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954118790810 · Cited by 21
“More than any other alternative leadership style, servant leadership explicitly emphasizes the needs of organizational members and their personal growth.(10,11)”
BackgroundChristian sports coaches and servant leadership
Vinson, D., & Parker, A. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954120951768 · Cited by 22
Sendjaya, S. (2015) · Management for professionals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16196-9_2 · Cited by 26
Self-citationThe Research Agenda of Spiritual Leadership. Where Do We Stand
Nicolae, M., Ion, I., & Nicolae, E. E. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 18
A trickle-down effect of subordinates’ felt trust
Chiu, H.-C., & Chiang, P.-H. (2019) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-01-2018-0036 · Cited by 18
Servant Leadership: The Exemplifying Behaviours
Olesia, M. S., NAMUSONGE, P. G., & Iravo, M. A. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-19647580 · Cited by 19
“Many studies have lent credibility to this servant leadership behavior (Patterson, 2002; Sendjaya, 2003; Dennis & Bocarnea, 2005; Sendjaya et al , 2008; Ambali et al , 2011; Mazarei et al , 2013; Taleghani & Mehr, 2013).”
BackgroundVerdorfer, A. P., & Peus, C. V. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · Cited by 17
Koon, V., & Fujimoto, Y. (2023) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-07-2022-0491 · Cited by 19
Khattak, M. N., Al-Taie, M. Z., Ahmed, I., & Muhammad, N. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-11-2022-0328 · Cited by 26
Leader as priest: Plucking the fruit of a flawed metaphor
Ruth, D. (2014) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715012467488 · Cited by 17
Servant leadership, span of control, and outcomes in a municipality context
Thompson, G., Buch, R., & Glasø, L. (2019) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/0306307018810584 · Cited by 21
“In addition, researchers did not present data for factorial validity of their overall dimensional model (Sendjaya et al. (2008).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Servant Leadership on Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Identification
Zorlu, Ö., Avan, A., & Baytok, A. (2019) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2019.600 · Cited by 18
“Sendjaya et al. (2008) and, Sendjeva and Pekerti (2010) prefer voluntarily support, authentic personality, contextual relationship, ethical responsibility, spirituality and transformative impact.”
BackgroundKashyap, V., & Rangnekar, S. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2429711 · Cited by 17
Gultekin, H., & Dougherty, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/698 · Cited by 19
Exploring Value-driven Leadership: Perspectives From School Leaders
Thien, L. M., Adams, D., Kho, S. H., & Yap, P. L. (2022) · Journal of Research on Leadership Education · doi:10.1177/19427751221097988 · Cited by 27
“Authentic leadership is defined as a pattern of leader behavior that draws upon and promotes positive psychological capacities and a positive ethical climate to foster an improved self-awareness, an internalized moral perspective and transparency (Sendjaya et al., 2008; Walumbwa et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLeadership style, knowledge sharing and audit quality
Mohassel, A. H., Hesarzadeh, R., & Velashani, M. A. B. (2023) · European Journal of Management and Business Economics · doi:10.1108/ejmbe-08-2022-0250 · Cited by 26
Servant leadership measurement: a comparison of five instruments in China
van Dierendonck, D., Xiu, L., & Lv, F. (2023) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-03-2022-0153 · Cited by 26
Pfister, J. A., Otley, D. T., Ahrens, T., Dambrin, C., Darwin, S. N., Granlund, M., Jack, S. L., Lassila, E. M., Millo, Y., Peda, P., et al. (2024) · Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management · doi:10.1108/qram-02-2024-0031 · Cited by 26
Tropello, P. D., & DeFazio, J. (2014) · Nurse Leader · doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2014.09.010 · Cited by 16
Searle, T. P. (2011) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 16
Mahon, D. (2021) · Leadership in health services · doi:10.1108/lhs-01-2021-0001 · Cited by 21
Priming employees’ promotion focus
Yang, F., Qian, J., & Liu, J. (2018) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-11-2016-0809 · Cited by 16
A Multilevel Study of Leaders’ Emotional Labor on Servant Leadership and Job Satisfaction
Li, Y., Mehmood, K., Zhang, X., & Crossin, C. M. (2019) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1108/s1746-979120190000015008 · Cited by 22
Atobishi, T., & Podruzsik, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136109 · Cited by 15
Ortiz-Gómez, M., Giorgi, G., Molina‐Sánchez, H., & Ariza‐Montes, A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12093766 · Cited by 15
The Mondora Method: Quantum Leaders in Benefit Corporations
Nigri, G. D., Baldo, M. D., & Agulini, A. (2020) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2019-0309 · Cited by 15
The Role of Top Management in Developing a Customer-Oriented Sales Force
Chakrabarty, S., Brown, G., & Widing, R. E. (2012) · Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management · doi:10.2753/pss0885-3134320403 · Cited by 15
Towards leadingful leadership literacies for higher education management
Davis, H. (2014) · Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management · doi:10.1080/1360080x.2014.916467 · Cited by 15
Ulutürk, B. (2023) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08933189231219708 · Cited by 20
“In this study, we used the conceptualization of SL based on the model developed by Sendjaya et al. (2008, 2019).”
InfluentialRivera, R. G., Santos, D., & Martín-Fernández, M. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychology Revista de Psicología Social · doi:10.1080/02134748.2017.1292701 · Cited by 15
“…considered several factors to explain servant leadership (Barbuto & Wheeler, 2006; Dennis & Winston, 2003; Page & Wong, 2000; Reed et al., 2011; Sendjaya et al., 2008), to our knowledge, this is the first study in which the analysis of the dimensionality of the scale has used the parallel…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPrevalent concealed ignorance of low-moral careerist managers
Shapira, R. (2015) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-10-2014-0620 · Cited by 16
Cengiz Ucar, A., Alpkan, L., & Elçi, M. (2021) · International Journal of Organizational Leadership · doi:10.33844/ijol.2021.60538 · Cited by 19
“Needless to say that ethics is a construct that theorists prioritize while defining servant leadership (Jaramillo et al., 2009; Liden et al., 2014; Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAzila-Gbettor, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Family Business Management · doi:10.1108/jfbm-08-2021-0083 · Cited by 17
Servant Leadership Behavior: Leadership Development Implications
Roberts, G. E., & Hess-Hernandez, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62163-0_14 · Cited by 14
Examining the characteristics and virtues associated with servant leadership in public relations
Neill, M. S., & Meng, J. (2023) · Public Relations Inquiry · doi:10.1177/2046147x231165225 · Cited by 14
“In contrast, transformational leaders tend to prioritize organizational goals above the needs of their followers (Sendjaya et al., 2008; Van Dierendonck et al., 2014).”
BackgroundLuk, L. A. (2018) · The Open Nursing Journal · doi:10.2174/1874434601812010133 · Cited by 14
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee's Job Satisfaction
Muttalib, A., Danish, M., & Zehri, A. W. (2023) · Research Journal for Societal Issues · doi:10.56976/rjsi.v5i2.91 · Cited by 16
Wu, F., & Zhou, Q. (2024) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2024.2303163 · Cited by 16
“Servant leaders are altruistic and motivated to serve others without expecting anything in exchange (Sendjaya, Sarros and Santora 2008).”
Self‐transcendent leadership: A meta‐perspective
Theissen, M. H., Theissen, H. H., & Gümüşay, A. A. (2024) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12640 · Cited by 18
Han, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417604 · Cited by 32
The Integrative Effects of Various Management Strategies in the Performance of MSMES
Njanja, W. L., & Pellisier, R. (2011) · International Business Management · doi:10.3968/j.ibm.1923842820110202.012 · Cited by 13
Leaders of Character: The USAFA Approach to Ethics Education and Leadership Development
Cycyota, C. S., Ferrante, C. J., Green, S. G., Heppard, K. A., & Karolick, D. M. (2011) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-011-9138-z · Cited by 14
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL INNOVATIONS
Raišienė, A. G. (2012) · Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues · doi:10.9770/jssi/2012.2.1(6 · Cited by 13
Educational leadership for e-learning in the healthcare workplace
Fahlman, D. (2012) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v13i2.1122 · Cited by 13
“Servant leadership is characterized by “service orientation, holistic outlook, and moral-spiritual emphasis” (Sendjaya et al., 2008, p. 402) that promotes equality and shared values, respect, open-ended commitment, mutual trust, interconnectedness, and concern for others.”
BackgroundCultivating Leadership: The Need for Renovating Models to Higher Epistemic Cognition
Gambrell, K. M., Matkin, G. S., & Burbach, M. E. (2011) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051811404895 · Cited by 13
Servant Leadership and Change: A Review of the Literature
Roberts, G. E. (2020) · Management for professionals · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38129-5_3 · Cited by 13
Terosky, A. L., & Reitano, M. C. (2016) · Journal of School Leadership · doi:10.1177/105268461602600201 · Cited by 12
Irfan, M., Salameh, A. A. M., Saleem, H., Naveed, R. T., Dalain, A. F., & Shahid, R. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.985436 · Cited by 12
“Fifth, the leadership aspect of the servant is not clearly defined (Sendjaya et al., 2008; Van Dierendonck and Nuijten, 2011).”
BackgroundA Crisis in Leadership: Transforming Opportunistic Leaders into Leaders that can be Trusted
Ng, D., & vanDuinkerken, W. (2021) · Journal of Management & Governance · doi:10.1007/s10997-020-09549-3 · Cited by 12
Servant Leadership, Humane Orientation, and Confucian Doctrine of Jen
Hirschy, M. J., Gómez, D., Patterson, K., et al. (2014) · Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal · Cited by 12
Research Methodological Techniques as a Model for Quantitative Studies in Social Sciences
Bambale, A. J. (2014) · British Journal of Economics Management & Trade · doi:10.9734/bjemt/2014/7665 · Cited by 20
A CONCEPTUAL AND EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF LEADER VIRTUES AND VIRTUOUS LEADERSHIP
Wang, Q. (2011) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/18902 · Cited by 12
Dash, S. S., Gupta, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2022) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijpsm-02-2022-0046 · Cited by 14
Zavareh, F. B., & Samangooei, B. (2013) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v3-i8/150 · Cited by 11
“Sendjaya et al. (2008) state that spiritual leadership, relationship, oriented leadership and servant leadership are parts of the “value-based leadership theories”, since these contain spiritual elements which serve as a response to disturbing situation, non-ethical leadership or abuse in an…”
BackgroundTran, D. Q., & Spears, L. C. (2020) · Humanistic Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s41463-020-00089-4 · Cited by 12
Changing patterns of the teacher as a servant leader in Asia Pacific: a review and research agenda
Khatri, P., Dutta, S., & Kaushık, N. (2021) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2020.1857562 · Cited by 14
Latif, K. F., Ahmed, I., & Aamir, S. (2022) · International Journal of Public Leadership · doi:10.1108/ijpl-11-2021-0058 · Cited by 11
Servant Leadership: Strengths, Weaknesses, and a Path Forward
Liden, R. C., & van Knippenberg, D. (2025) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011251338133 · Cited by 18
Pino-Marchito, A. D., Galán-García, A., & Plaza-Mejía, M. D. L. Á. (2025) · World · doi:10.3390/world6020063 · Cited by 10
“[55] argued that Servant Leadership aligns closely with Ethical Leadership due to its emphasis on moral integrity, trust-building, and stakeholder well-being.”
Greenleaf's 'Best Test' of Servant Leadership: A Multilevel Analysis
Hayden, R. W. (2011) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 10
Davis, N. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59366-1_9 · Cited by 10
Leader’s Toxicity at Workplace: How Leader’s Decadence Affect Employees? A Pakistani Perspective
Qureshi, M. A., Ramish, M. S., Ansari, J., & Bashir, M. A. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221096425 · Cited by 10
“abusive leadership, philosophy, quality of working life, counterproductive work behavior, turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior others was strongly linked with the unethical decision of business leaders heading these organizations (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTurnover-Mitigating Effect of Servant Leadership on Job Performance
Bieńkowska, A., Koszela, A., Ludwikowska, K., & Tworek, K. (2022) · Engineering Management in Production and Services · doi:10.2478/emj-2022-0017 · Cited by 14
Educational Servant-Leaders and Personal Growth
D’Ascoli, S., & Piro, J. S. (2022) · Journal of School Leadership · doi:10.1177/10526846221134001 · Cited by 11
“…and SL behaviors was investigated via the Servant Leadership Behavior Scale (SLBS) to self-report SL behaviors across six dimensions: voluntary subordination, authentic self, covenantal relationship, responsible morality, transcendent spirituality, and transforming influence Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
MethodLatif, K. F., Mas‐Machuca, M., Marimón, F., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2023) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2023.2218439 · Cited by 11
“Empowerment has been identified as one of the critical dimensions of SL (Sendjaya et al., 2008; Van Dierendonck, 2011), which has been found to affect LS (Hossain et al., 2019).”
Determining the Hierarchical Structure and Nature of Servant Leadership
Sun, P. Y. T., Anderson, M. H., & Gang, H. (2023) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-023-09904-9 · Cited by 13
“Sendjaya et al. (2008) have a spiritual orientation that is missing in the other two measures, and van Dierendonck and Nuitjen (2011) have a task orientation not found in the other measures.”
InfluentialThe effect of servant leadership on Greek public secondary schools acting as learning organizations
Tsarkos, A. (2023) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2023.2264261 · Cited by 12
Introduction to the Special Issue
Young, A. A., & Dollarhide, C. T. (2017) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.1177/2156759x18772988 · Cited by 10
The Management Practice of Servant Leadership: A Levinasian Enrichment
McGhee, P. (2022) · Philosophy of Management · doi:10.1007/s40926-022-00214-3 · Cited by 11
The relationship between organizational commitment, commitment to supervisor and servant leadership
Godbersen, H., Dudek, B., & Fernández, S. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology · doi:10.3389/forgp.2024.1353959 · Cited by 25
Yan, X., Hu, W., & Liu, D. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12417 · Cited by 12
Spiritual Leadership Research: Past, Present and Future Using Bibliometric Analysis
Rajni, Garg, N., & Jalan, S. (2024) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-024-02178-2 · Cited by 9
“Sendjaya et al. (2008) asserted that both spiritual and servant leadership motivate employees through developing meaningfulness, belongingness and shared vision among their followers.”
Servant Leadership Style and Employee Voice: Mediation via Trust in Leaders
Hassan, N., Yoon, J., & Dedahanov, A. T. (2025) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci15030099 · Cited by 15
Servant Leadership in the Context of Mosque: A Qualitative Case Study of Muslim Women’s Perspectives
Jabarkhail, S. (2020) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci10030072 · Cited by 11
Alessa, G. S., Sharif, S., Lodhi, R. N., & Mahmood, Z. (2021) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-12-2020-2548 · Cited by 12
Coaching Servant Leadership: Scale Development and Validation
Takamatsu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.871495 · Cited by 13
“The core of servant leadership is its transformational influence on followers, which includes empowering them (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTÜRKİYE’DE HİZMETKÂR LİDERLİK ÜZERİNE YAZILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ (2008-2021)
KÜRÜ, S. A. (2022) · Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.55179/dusbed.1023008 · Cited by 9
In search of mediators of leadership behavior to Team Creativity in Team Start-ups
Antonio, T., Indrianto, A. T. L., & Padmawidjaja, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951603 · Cited by 12
“Third, it is a holistic approach where leaders emphasize seeking the positive difference of the followers (Sendjaya et al., 2008).”
BackgroundYoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being
Chaudhry, N., Bhandari, R. B., & Gaur, V. (2023) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100717 · Cited by 10
“Only holistic, ethical, and value-laden leadership can prevent corporate damages, scandals, emotional fatigue, job stress, and other destructive consequences of abusive leadership [16].”
BackgroundKhan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., Ahmed, S. S., & Islam, T. (2023) · International Journal of Innovation Science · doi:10.1108/ijis-03-2023-0067 · Cited by 10
Awan, K. Z., Qureshi, I.-E.-W., & Arif, S. (2011) · International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences · Cited by 9
Co-Opted Biased Social Science: 64 Years of Telling Half Truths about the Kibbutz
Shapira, R. (2016) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2016.46003 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Thomas Edison State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sendjaya, Sen
- ORCID
- Sendjaya, Sen
- Venue
- Journal of Management Studies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 402-424
- ISSN
- 0022-2380 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6486
- OpenAlex
- W1527890691
- Semantic Scholar
- 84d311076c7e2f127aa0b0fefa965301790df877
- Cited by
- 844
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 50.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- servant leadership, psychometric validation, service orientation, holistic leadership
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
