Cited by 318Diet and metabolism studiesDietary Effects on HealthNutritional Studies and Diet

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Systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors

Santos, F. L., Esteves, S. S., da Costa Pereira, A., Yancy Jr, W. S., Nunes, J. P. L.·2012·Obesity Reviews

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01021.x

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Abstract

Summary: A systematic review and meta‐analysis were carried out to study the effects of low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors (search performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus databases). A total of 23 reports, corresponding to 17 clinical investigations, were identified as meeting the pre‐specified criteria. Meta‐analysis carried out on data obtained in 1,141 obese patients, showed the LCD to be associated with significant decreases in body weight (−7.04 kg [95% CI −7.20/−6.88]), body mass index (−2.09 kg m−2[95% CI −2.15/−2.04]), abdominal circumference (−5.74 cm [95% CI −6.07/−5.41]), systolic blood pressure (−4.81 mm Hg [95% CI −5.33/−4.29]), diastolic blood pressure (−3.10 mm Hg [95% CI −3.45/−2.74]), plasma triglycerides (−29.71 mg dL−1[95% CI −31.99/−27.44]), fasting plasma glucose (−1.05 mg dL−1[95% CI −1.67/−0.44]), glycated haemoglobin (−0.21% [95% CI −0.24/−0.18]), plasma insulin (−2.24 micro IU mL−1[95% CI −2.65/−1.82]) and plasma C‐reactive protein, as well as an increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.73 mg dL−1[95%CI 1.44/2.01]). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine did not change significantly, whereas limited data exist concerning plasma uric acid. LCD was shown to have favourable effects on body weight and major cardiovascular risk factors; however the effects on long‐term health are unknown.

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“The authors concluded that LCD has positive effects on body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, glycemia, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) [2].”
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Authors: Santos, F. L., Esteves, S. S., da Costa Pereira, A., Yancy Jr, W. S., & Nunes, J. P. L.
Affiliations: Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia (PT)
Centro Hospitalar do Porto (PT)
Universidade do Porto (PT)
Corresponding author: Nunes, J. P. L.
ORCID: Santos, F. L.
Nunes, J. P. L.
Venue: Obesity Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-08-21
Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: 1048-1066
ISSN: 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
1467-789X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01021.x
OpenAlex: W2110483590
Cited by: 318
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: low-carbohydrate diet, cardiovascular risk factors, weight loss, obesity, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-reactive protein, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, uric acid, abdominal circumference
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Insulin, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted

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Systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors

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