Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors in Childhood and Adolescence
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This article describes the average and group-based developmental trajectories of aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations using parent reports of externalizing behaviors on a longitudinal multiple birth cohort study of 2,076 children aged 4 to 18 years. Trajectories were estimated from multilevel growth curve analyses and semiparametric mixture models. Overall, males showed higher levels of externalizing behavior than did females. Aggression, opposition, and property violations decreased on average, whereas status violations increased over time. Group-based trajectories followed the shape of the average curves at different levels and were similar for males and females. The trajectories found in this study provide a basis against which deviations from the expected developmental course can be identified and classified as deviant or nondeviant.
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Trajectories of aggression and delinquency show different developmental patterns.
“For example, the trajectories of aggression and delinquency have been found to show a different developmental pattern (Bongers et al. 2004).”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Bongers et al. 2004
Delinquency and aggression are conceptually distinct types of behaviors.
“Previous research has shown that delinquency and aggression are conceptually distinct types of behaviors.”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Bongers et al. 2004
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- Authors
- Bongers, I. L., Koot, H. M., Van Der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC—Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam
- Corresponding author
- Bongers, Ilja L
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-09-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1523-1537
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W1974882298
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 13.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- externalizing problems, developmental trajectories, aggression, oppositional behavior, childhood, adolescence, sex differences, parent report
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Personality Development, Sex Factors, Social Behavior, Social Desirability, Cohort Studies
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