Continuity and Change of Psychopathology From Childhood Into Adulthood: A 14-Year Follow-up Study
Abstract
Objective To test the 14-year continuity and change of behavioral and emotional problems from childhood into adulthood. Method For 1,615 children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years from the general population, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at initial assessment. At follow-up 14 years later, subjects completed the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR), and their parents completed the Young Adult Behavior Checklist (YABCL). Results Of the subjects who were initially classified as deviant, 14 years later 41% were classified as deviant according to their YABCL Total Problem score, and 29% according to their YASR Total Problem score. Intrainformant (CBCL/YABCL) Withdrawn, Social Problems, Delinquent Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior scores, and cross-informant (CBCL/YASR) Anxious/Depressed, Thought Problems, and Delinquent Behavior scores were independent predictors of general levels of problem behavior. Conclusions Childhood and adolescent problems persisted to a considerable degree into adulthood, although the majority of children who were deviant at initial assessment could not be regarded as deviant 14 years later. Children who were adolescents at initial assessment (12-16 years) showed higher stability of problem behaviors than subjects who were children at initial assessment (4-11 years).
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Experiences of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence are associated with an elevated risk of poor mental health in adulthood.
“Experiences of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence are associated with an elevated risk of poor mental health in adulthood [8–12]”
From Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- HOFSTRA, M. B., VAN der ENDE, J., & VERHULST, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- Corresponding author
- VERHULST, FRANK C.
- ORCID
- VERHULST, FRANK C.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 850-858
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087906757
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research and Development Council (002827230)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- childhood to adulthood transition, behavioral problems, emotional problems, delinquency, aggression, social problems, withdrawal, anxious/depressed symptoms, thought problems, developmental stability, Child Behavior Checklist
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Netherlands, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Social Behavior Disorders, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Prevalence
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