Cited by 1,648Resilience and Mental HealthChild Abuse and TraumaOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding

RUTTER, MICHAEL·2006·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Abstract: Resilience is an interactive concept that refers to a relative resistance to environmental risk experiences, or the overcoming of stress or adversity. As such, it differs from both social competence positive mental health. Resilience differs from traditional concepts of risk and protection in its focus on individual variations in response to comparable experiences. Accordingly, the research focus needs to be on those individual differences and the causal processes that they reflect, rather than on resilience as a general quality. Because resilience in relation to childhood adversities may stem from positive adult experiences, a life‐span trajectory approach is needed. Also, because of the crucial importance of gene–environment interactions in relation to resilience, a wide range of research strategies spanning psychosocial and biological methods is needed. Five main implications stem from the research to date: (1) resistance to hazards may derive from controlled exposure to risk (rather than its avoidance); (2) resistance may derive from traits or circumstances that are without major effects in the absence of the relevant environmental hazards; (3) resistance may derive from physiological or psychological coping processes rather than external risk or protective factors; (4) delayed recovery may derive from “turning point” experiences in adult life; and (5) resilience may be constrained by biological programming or damaging effects of stress/adversity on neural structures.

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Crossref · 10.1196/annals.1376.002

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  • Depression that manifests in childhood or early adolescence may be related to genetic liability to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders as well as environmental risk factors.

    “Depression that manifests in childhood or early adolescence may be related to genetic liability to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 258 as well as environmental risk factors.”

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Authors
RUTTER, M.
Affiliations
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
RUTTER, MICHAEL
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-12
Volume
1094
Issue
1
Pages
1-12
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2125644205
Cited by
1,648
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 75 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 72
FWCI
3.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords
resilience, childhood adversity, individual differences, gene-environment interaction, lifespan development, coping, delayed recovery, protective factors
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Environment, Genes, Humans

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