Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding
Abstract
Abstract: Resilience is an interactive concept that refers to a relative resistance to environmental risk experiences, or the overcoming of stress or adversity. As such, it differs from both social competence positive mental health. Resilience differs from traditional concepts of risk and protection in its focus on individual variations in response to comparable experiences. Accordingly, the research focus needs to be on those individual differences and the causal processes that they reflect, rather than on resilience as a general quality. Because resilience in relation to childhood adversities may stem from positive adult experiences, a life‐span trajectory approach is needed. Also, because of the crucial importance of gene–environment interactions in relation to resilience, a wide range of research strategies spanning psychosocial and biological methods is needed. Five main implications stem from the research to date: (1) resistance to hazards may derive from controlled exposure to risk (rather than its avoidance); (2) resistance may derive from traits or circumstances that are without major effects in the absence of the relevant environmental hazards; (3) resistance may derive from physiological or psychological coping processes rather than external risk or protective factors; (4) delayed recovery may derive from “turning point” experiences in adult life; and (5) resilience may be constrained by biological programming or damaging effects of stress/adversity on neural structures.
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Depression that manifests in childhood or early adolescence may be related to genetic liability to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders as well as environmental risk factors.
“Depression that manifests in childhood or early adolescence may be related to genetic liability to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 258 as well as environmental risk factors.”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [258]
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- Authors
- RUTTER, M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- RUTTER, MICHAEL
- ORCID
- RUTTER, MICHAEL
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 1094
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2125644205
- Cited by
- 1,648
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- resilience, childhood adversity, individual differences, gene-environment interaction, lifespan development, coping, delayed recovery, protective factors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Environment, Genes, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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