The psychosocial aspects of children exposed to war: practice and policy initiatives
Abstract
The atrocities of war have detrimental effects on the development and mental health of children that have been documented since World War II. To date, a considerable amount of knowledge about various aspects of this problem has been accumulated, including the ways in which trauma impacts child mental health and development, as well as intervention techniques, and prevention methods. Considering the large populations of civilians that experience the trauma of war, it is timely to review existing literature, summarize approaches for helping war‐affected children, and suggest future directions for research and policy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict face an elevated risk of mental health problems.
“Inadequate responsiveness to these issues is especially concerning in view of the body of research documenting increased risk of mental health problems in war-affected children and families.1,3–8”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Cites
Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity
Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400005812 · Cited by 3,397 · see citing works
Traumatic stress: the effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2469 · Cited by 1,818 · see citing works
The Study of Stress and Competence in Children: A Building Block for Developmental Psychopathology
Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129837 · Cited by 1,640 · see citing works
Treating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial.
Kendall, P. C. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.1.100 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial.
Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.2.333 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial.
Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.2.333 · Cited by 791 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Kendall (1994) found that individual CBT led to improvements in anxiety disorders, as did Barrett, Dadds, and Rapee (1996).”
BackgroundPsychiatric implications of displacement: contributions from the psychology of place
(1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.12.1516 · Cited by 697 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The effects of displacement on mental health are also described in more detail by Fullilove (1996).”
BackgroundRachman, S. (1980) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(80)90069-8 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Resilience Reconsidered: Conceptual Considerations, Empirical Findings, and Policy Implications
Rutter, M. L. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529320.030 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Stressful Life Events and Their Contexts
Lewinsohn, P. M., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.140.6.809 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Psychological responses to war and atrocity: The limitations of current concepts
Bracken, P. J., Giller, J. E., & Summerfield, D. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00181-r · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew.
Vernberg, E. M., Greca, A. M. L., Silverman, W. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.105.2.237 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
The development of emotion regulation : biological and behavioral considerations
Fox, N. A., & Campos, J. J. (1994) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children After the 1988 Armenian Earthquake
Pynoos, R. S., Goenjian, A. K., Tashjian, M., Karakashian, M., Manjikian, R., Manoukian, G., Steinberg, A. M., & Fairbanks, L. A. (1993) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.163.2.239 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry : A Comprehensive Textbook
Lewis, M. (2002) · Cited by 528 · see citing works
From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement: Diagnosis of Southeast Asian refugees
Eisenbruch, M. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90021-4 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Lumpkin, P. W., & Carmichael, D. H. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.6.995 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Suffering and its professional transformation: toward an ethnography of interpersonal experience
Kleinman, A., & Kleinman, J. (1991) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/bf00046540 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Psychological debriefing for road traffic accident victims
Mayou, R., Ehlers, A., & Hobbs, M. (2000) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.6.589 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Randomised controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of acute burn trauma
Bisson, J. I., Jenkins, P. L., Alexander, J., & Bannister, C. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.171.1.78 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
The Psychiatric Effects of Massive Trauma on Cambodian Children: I. The Children
Kinzie, J. D., Sack, W. H., Angell, R. H., Manson, S. M., & Ben, R. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60259-4 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew.
Vernberg, E. M., Greca, A. M. L., Silverman, W. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.237 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
The War Experiences and Psychosocial Development of Children in Lebanon
Macksoud, M. S., & Aber, J. L. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131687 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
The social context of nonverbal behavior
Philippot, P., Feldman, R. S., & Coats, E. J. (1999) · Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme eBooks · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.4.536 · Cited by 381 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Such proponents have demonstrated the crosscultural applicability of Western therapeutic programs in non-Western cultures (Goenjian et al., 1997) and maintain that Western therapy regimes can offer valid modes of treatment in supporting psychosocial programs and services for diverse populations of…”
BackgroundSilverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., et al. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.6.995 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
Perron, N. C. D. (2016) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Marriage, Family, and Couples Counseling · doi:10.4135/9781483369532.n385 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Pynoos, R. S., & Nader, K. (1988) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490010406 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Cohen, J. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199810001-00002 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Gerull, F. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00013-4 · Cited by 352 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Parents usually serve as the major source of expertise for the modeling of cultural and subcultural expressions and rules regarding emotions (Gerull & Rapee, 2002; Von Salisch, 2001).”
BackgroundPost-traumatic stress reactions in children
Yule, W., & Williams, R. M. (1990) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490030209 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children: A Review of the Past 10 Years
Pfefferbaum, B. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(09)66558-8 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Impact of armed conflict on children
Machel, G., & Secretary-General, U. (1996) · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Punamäki, R., Qouta, S., & Sarraj, E. E. (2001) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/01650250042000294 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Part 1: Children's Psychological Responses to Disasters
Vogel, J. M., & Vernberg, E. M. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2204_7 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Witness to Violence: The Child Interview
Pynoos, R. S., & Eth, S. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60252-1 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Perrin, S. G., Smith, P. A., & Yule, W. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00612 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01717.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Principal components analysis of the impact of event scale with children in war
Smith, P. A., Perrin, S. G., Dyregrov, A., & Yule, W. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00047-8 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
A preliminary study of PTSD and grief among the children of Kuwait following the Gulf crisis
Nader, K., Pynoos, R. S., Fairbanks, L. A., Ajeel, M. A., & Asfour, A. (1993) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01075.x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Children and mothers in war: an outcome study of a psychosocial intervention program
Dybdahl, R. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00343 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Mothers’ Functioning and Children’s Symptoms 5 Years After a SCUD Missile Attack
Laor, N., Wolmer, L., & Cohen, D. J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1020 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Hobbs, M., Mayou, R., Harrison, B., & Worlock, P. H. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1438 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Children exposed to warfare: A longitudinal study
Dyregrov, A., Gjestad, R., & Raundalen, M. (2002) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1014335312219 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Israeli Preschool Children Under Scuds: A 30-Month Follow-up
Laor, N., Wolmer, L., Mayes, L. C., GERSHON, A., Weizman, R., & Cohen, D. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00013 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Twelve‐Year Follow‐up Study of Khmer Youths Who Suffered Massive War Trauma as Children
Sack, W. H., Him, C., & DICKASON, D. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199909000-00023 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Smith, P. A., Perrin, S. G., Yule, W., & Rabe‐Hesketh, S. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00732 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Punamäki, R. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131686 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Udwin, O., Boyle, S., Yule, W., Bolton, D., & O'Ryan, D. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00685 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
GALANTE, R., & FOA, D. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60257-0 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
A Three-Year Follow-up of Cambodian Young People Traumatized as Children
Kinzie, J. D., Sack, W. H., Angell, R. H., Clarke, G. N., & Ben, R. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198907000-00006 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Children's Trauma and Adjustment Reactions to Violent and Nonviolent War Experiences
Allwood, M. A., Bell-Dolan, D. J., & HUSAIN, S. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200204000-00018 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Children as Victims of War: Current Knowledge and Future Research Needs
Jensen, P. S., & SHAW, J. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199307000-00001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Children Who Witness Parental Murder: Posttraumatic Aspects
Malmquist, C. P. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60253-3 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
War exposure among children from Bosnia‐Hercegovina: Psychological adjustment in a community sample
Smith, P. A., Perrin, S. G., Yule, W., Hacam, B., & Stuvland, R. (2002) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1014812209051 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Children of Disaster: Clinical Observations at Buffalo Creek
Newman, C. (1976) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.133.3.306 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Premilitary MMPI scores as predictors of combat-related PTSD symptoms
Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J., & Rosenberg, S. D. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.3.479 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Punamäki, R. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01719.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Children and Political Violence
Shaw, J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00029 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A 6-Year Follow-up Study of Cambodian Refugee Adolescents Traumatized as Children
Sack, W. H., Clarke, G. N., Him, C., DICKASON, D., GOFF, B., Lanham, K., & Kinzie, J. D. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00027 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Psychological well-being of refugee children
Ajduković, M., & Ajduković, D. (1993) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(08)80014-2 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Miller, K. E. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01721.x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The psychiatric effects of massive trauma on Cambodian children
Kinzie, J. D. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Chemtob, C. M., Tomas, S., Law, W., & Cremniter, D. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.3.415 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Yule, W., & Udwin, O. (1991) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00928.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
War Experiences and Distress Symptoms of Bosnian Children
Goldstein, R. D., Wampler, N. S., & Wise, P. H. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.100.5.873 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Stress Reduction and Prevention
McCarthy, M. P. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.3.454 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Psychological Sequelae Following the Gulf War
Deahl, M., Gillham, A. B., Thomas, J., Searle, M. M., & Srinivasan, M. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.1.60 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
Pfefferbaum, B. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199711000-00011 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Children’s emotional development: Challenges in their relationships to parents, peers, and friends
von Salisch, M. (2001) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/01650250143000058 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Does PTSD Transcend Cultural Barriers? A Study From the Khmer Adolescent Refugee Project
Sack, W. H., Seeley, J. R., & Clarke, G. N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00017 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Carlier, I. V. E., Voerman, A. E., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2000) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1348/000711200160327 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Child and Parent Reaction to the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident
HANDFORD, H. A., Mayes, S. D., Mattison, R. E., Humphrey, F. J., Bagnato, S. J., Bixler, E. O., & Kales, J. D. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60256-9 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Stress debriefing and patterns of recovery following a natural disaster
Kenardy, J. A., Webster, R. A., Lewin, T. J., Carr, V. J., Hazell, P., & Carter, G. L. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02116832 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress in Immigrants From Central America and Mexico
Cervantes, R. C., de Snyder, V. N. S., & Padilla, A. M. (1989) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.40.6.615 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Baker, A. M. (1990) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079207 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Children: Ethnic and Political Violence-A Commentary
Cairns, E., & Dawes, A. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131691 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Children : The invisible soldiers
Brett, R., & McCallin, M. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Children's recollections of traumatic and nontraumatic events
Fıvush, R. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579498001825 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The development of posttraumatic stress disorder following four different types of traumatization
Saigh, P. A. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90110-o · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder☆
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Rogal, S. S. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00226-x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Pearn, J. H. (2003) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00124.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Determinants of posttraumatic adjustment in adolescents from Sarajevo who experienced war.
Duraković-Belko, E., Kulenović, A., & Dapić, R. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10115 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
GREEN, B. L. (1982) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198209000-00005 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Impact of displacement on the psychological well-being of refugee children
Ajduković, M., & Ajduković, D. (1998) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540269874763 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Adolescent Survivors of “Ethnic Cleansing”: Observations on the First Year in America
Weine, S. M., Becker, D. F., McGlashan, T. H., Vojvoda, D., Hartman, S., & Robbins, J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199509000-00012 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Effects of bombardment on the manifest anxiety level of children living in the kibbutzim.
Ziv, A., & Israeli, R. (1973) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034502 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Education in emergencies and for reconstruction : A developmental approach
Pigozzi, M. J. (1999) · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Ecological integrated model of children of war: Individual and social psychology
Elbedour, S., ten Bensel, R., & Bastien, D. T. (1993) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(08)80011-7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Assessing War Trauma in Children: A Case Study of Lebanese Children
Macksoud, M. S. (1992) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/5.1.1 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
School reactivation programs after disaster: could teachers serve as clinical mediators?
Wolmer, L., Laor, N., & Yazgan, Y. (2003) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(02)00104-9 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Conlon, L., Fahy, T. J., & Conroy, R. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00068-3 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Croatian children exposed to war: A prospective study
Kuterovac‐Jagodić, G. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10114 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Annotation: Children's Reactions to Traumatic Events
Udwin, O. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00974.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Children: Ethnic and Political Violence-a Commentary
Cairns, E., & Dawes, A. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01724.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Psychological Screening of Children for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder
Stallard, P. N., Velleman, R. D. B., & Baldwin, S. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00525 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Culture and Psychotherapy: A Guide to Clinical Practice
Gaw, A. C. (2002) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.2.218 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
POSTTRAUMATIC, DISSOCIATIVE AND GRIEF SYMPTOMS IN TURKISH CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE 1999 EARTHQUAKES
Laor, N., Wolmer, L., Kora, M. E., Yucel, D., Spirman, S., & Yazgan, Y. (2002) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200212000-00004 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Stress Reactions of Children and Adolescents in War and Siege Conditions
Husain, S. A., Nair, J., Holcomb, W., Reid, J. C., Vargas, V. G., & Nair, S. S. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.12.1718 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Conflict and health: Peace building through health initiatives
MacQUEEN, G. M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7256.293 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Child soldiers: understanding the context
Somasundaram, D. J. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7348.1268 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Children in political violence
Gibson, K. L. (1989) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90213-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Annotation: Children in situations of Political Violence
Richman, N. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02092.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Screening and Psychological Debriefing of Adolescent Survivors of Life-Threatening Events
Stallard, P. N., & Law, F. D. (1993) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.163.5.660 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Traumatic War Experiences and Their Effects on Children
Macksoud, M. S., Dyregrov, A., & Raundalen, M. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_52 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Qouta, S., Punamäki, R., & Sarraj, E. E. (1995) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207599508246571 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effectiveness of psychological debriefing
Arendt, M. C. B. B., & Elklit, A. (2001) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00155.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Culture and context in the evolutionary concept of mental disorder.
Kirmayer, L. J., & Young, A. H. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.3.446 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The international protection of internally displaced persons
Geissler, N. (1999) · International Journal of Refugee Law · doi:10.1093/ijrl/11.3.451 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Netland, M. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1011164901867 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Organized violence and mental health of refugee children in exile: a six-year follow-up
Hjern, A., & Angel, B. (2000) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1080/080352500750044089 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Psychiatric Problems among Adolescent Southeast Asian Refugees A Descriptive Study
Williams, C. L., & Westermeyer, J. J. (1983) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198302000-00003 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Summerfield, D. A. (1996) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The War Experiences and Psychosocial Development of Children in Lebanon
Macksoud, M. S., & Aber, J. L. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01720.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Children's reactions to war-related stress
Chimienti, G., Nasr, J. A., & Khalifeh, I. (1989) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf01788030 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Alleviating the Effects of War and Displacement on Children
Yule, W. (2002) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560200800304 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Culture and context in the evolutionary concept of mental disorder.
Kirmayer, L. J., & Young, A. H. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.108.3.446 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A., & Platt, R. W. (1999) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00100-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Almqvist, K., & Brandell-Forsberg, M. (1995) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079611 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Barudy, J. (1989) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90219-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Building supportive communities for at-risk adolescents: It takes more than services.
Burt, M. R., Resnick, G., & Novick, E. R. (1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10255-000 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Psychiatric consultation in a Vietnamese refugee camp
Rahe, R. H., Looney, J. G., Ward, H. W., Tung, T. M., & Liu, W. T. (1978) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.135.2.185 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Factors Associated With Borderline Pathology in Children
Paris, J., Zelkowitz, P., CUZDER, J., Joseph, S., & Feldman, R. B. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00026 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Yule, W. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00657 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Children's psychological reactions to wartime stress.
Ziv, A., Kruglanski, A. W., & Shulman, S. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036611 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
'You Don't Belong Here in Germany...': On the Social Situation of Refugee Children in Germany
Anderson, P. (2001) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/14.2.187 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Assessing adolescent mental health in war-affected societies: the significance of symptoms
JONES, L. M., & Kafetsios, K. G. (2002) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00381-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Becker, D. F., Weine, S. M., Vojvoda, D., & McGlashan, T. H. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00027 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Determinants and Effectiveness of Children’s Coping with Political Violence
Punamäki, R., & Puhakka, T. (1997) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/016502597384910 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Children under Severe Stress: Critique and Commentary
Garmezy, N. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60261-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents
McNally, R. J. (1996) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(96)00004-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Miller, T., El‐Masri, M., Allodt, F., & Qouta, S. (1999) · Medicine Conflict & Survival · doi:10.1080/13623699908409478 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Gulf crisis experience of Kuwaiti children: Psychological and cognitive factors
Hadi, F., & Llabre, M. M. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024453015176 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Organized violence and mental health of refugee children in exile: a six‐year follow‐up
Hjern, A., & Angel, B. (2000) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00372.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Child survivors of the Holocaust: symptoms and coping after fifty years.
Cohen, M. H., Brom, D., & Dasberg, H. H. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works
‘Low intensity’ war and mental trauma in nicaragua: A study in a rural community
Summerfield, D. A., & Toser, L. (1991) · Medicine and War · doi:10.1080/07488009108408972 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the impact of events scale in traumatized Cambodian refugee youth
Sack, W. H., Seeley, J. R., Him, C., & Clarke, G. N. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00030-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Playing to grow: A primary mental health intervention with Guatemalan refugee children.
Miller, K. E., & Billings, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079548 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Prospective study of displaced children's symptoms in wartime Bosnia
Stein, B. D., COMER, D. M., Gardner, W. P., & Kelleher, K. J. (1999) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050221 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Stichick, T. L. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Rapid Educational Response in Complex Emergencies: A Discussion Document.
Aguilar, P. C., & Retamal, G. (1998) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Parent Management Training in a Chinese Population: Application and Outcome
Ho, T., Chow, V., FUNG, C., Leung, K. K. Y., CHIU, K.-Y., YU, G., AU, Y.-W., & Lieh‐Mak, F. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199909000-00022 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
THE CAMBRIDGE EVACUATION SURVEY
Burt, C., & Simmins, C. A. (1942) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1942.tb02182.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Individual and Small-Group Psychotherapy for Children Involved in Trauma and Disaster
Gillis, H. M. (1993) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4766-9_10 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Historical Group Debriefing after Combat Exposure
Shalev, A. Y., Peri, T., Rogel‐Fuchs, Y., Ursano, R. J., & Marlowe, D. H. (1998) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/163.7.494 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and Intervention
Freeman, J. B. (2002) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200210000-00014 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Punamäki, R. (2002) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560200800305 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Research on memory development: Historical trends and current themes
Schneider, W. (2000) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/016502500750037955 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Psychological Management of Children in a National Crisis
Rigamer, E. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60258-2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Corder, B. F., Haizlip, T. M., & DeBoer, P. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90035-r · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (1997) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/1092-0803.eye2.1.20 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Psychosocial Impact of Armed Conflict on Children
Stichick, T. L. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30031-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Klingman, A. (2002) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10454-015 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Culture and Society in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Implications for Psychotherapy
Boehnlein, J. K. (1987) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.4.519 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Helping Children Cope with the Stresses of War: A Manual for Parents and Teachers.
Macksoud, M. S. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Genocide and the Plight of Children in Rwanda
Geltman, P. L. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540280027017 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Psychological effects of air-raids.
Vernon, P. E. (1941) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059562 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Smith, P. A., Perrin, S. G., & Yule, W. (1999) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/1475-3588.00273 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Treatment of recurrent nightmares by the dream reorganization approach
Palace, E. M., & Johnston, C. (1989) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(89)90026-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stress reactions of school-age children to the bombardment by scud missiles: A 1-year follow-up
Schwarzwald, J., Weisenberg, M., Solomon, Z., & Waysman, M. (1994) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02103013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
I: Psychological trauma and social healing in Croatia
Woodside, D., Barbara, J. S., & Benner, D. G. (1999) · Medicine, Conflict and Survival · doi:10.1080/13623699908409477 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Boothby, N., & Knudsen, C. (2000) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0600-60 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Psychological debriefing—An effective method?
Dyregrov, A. (1998) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476569800400203 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chase, R. M., Doney, A., Sivayogan, S., Ariyaratne, V., Satkunanayagam, P., & Swaminathan, A. (1999) · Medicine Conflict & Survival · doi:10.1080/13623699908409479 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Harrington, R., Cartwright‐Hatton, S., & Stein, A. L. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00087 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Assessment of professionals' and nonprofessionals' attitudes toward child abuse in Croatia
Ajduković, M., Petak, O., & Mršić, S. (1993) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(93)90029-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A single session EMDR study with twenty traumatized children and adolescents.
Puffer, M. K., Greenwald, R., & Elrod, D. E. (1998) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/h0101053 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Children's reactions to the war.
Bender, L., & Frosch, J. (1942) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1942.tb05951.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy of violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Bryant, R. A. (2000) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(98)00021-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A Psychosocial Support Programme for Children and Mothers in War
Dybdahl, R. (2001) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104501006003010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Plunkett, M. C. B., & Southall, D. P. (1998) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.78.1.72 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Atlas of psychiatric pharmacotherapy
Pariante, C. M. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.68.2.256a · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Indochinese Immigrant Children: Problems in Psychiatric Diagnosis
Krener, P. G., & SABIN, C. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60564-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Reactions of children to black-outs: A preliminary note.
Solomon, J. C. (1942) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1942.tb05916.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Schwab‐Stone, M., Ruchkin, V. V., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Leckman, P. E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationSubjectivity and Politics: The Psychotherapy of Extreme Traumatization in Chile
Becker, D., Castillo, M. I., Gómez, E., Kovalskys, J., & Elizabeth Lira, K. (1989) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.1989.11449125 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Promoting the culture of peace in children.
Schwebel, M. (2001) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327949pac0701_01 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Jersild, A. T., & Meigs, M. F. (1943) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0055971 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Genocide and the plight of children in Rwanda
Geltman, P. L. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.277.4.289 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Observed Effects of Wartime Conditions on Children.
Em, H., & He, H. (1941) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cultural Considerations in The Treatment Of Children and Adolescents
Schwab‐Stone, M., Ruchkin, V. V., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Leckman, P. E. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30027-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychologic problems of children wounded during the war in Croatia
Kocijan-Hercigonja, D., Rijavec, M., Jones, W. P., & Remeta, D. (1996) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039489609082513 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Introduction: Psychosocial consequences of the war in the region of former Yugoslavia
Rosner, R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10113 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bruce, B. (2001) · Journal of international affairs · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Commentary and recommendations
Kratochwill, T. R. (1996) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(96)00006-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A review of alternative approaches to the treatment of post traumatic sequelae.
Dietrich, A. M., Baranowsky, A., Devich-Navarro, M., Gentry, J. E., Harris, C. J., & Figley, C. R. (2000) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560000600402 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Preliminary Report on Children’s Reactions to the War
(1943) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/23.3.142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The State of the World's Children 2002: Leadership
Publications, U. (2002) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dietrich, A. M. (2000) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560000600203 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Some Psychological Difficulties of Evacuation.
Henshaw, E. M. (1940) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
What can we do to support children who have been through war?
Kos, A. M., & Derviškadić-Jovanović, S. (1998) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chapter 12. The Southeast Asian Refugee: The Legacy of Severe Trauma
Kinzie, J. D. (2001) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9798894550541.lg12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The reactions of children and youth to wartime
Beverly, B. I. (1942) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(42)80001-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tomkiewicz, S. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Child Guidance Service in Wartime.
Bowley, A. H. (1940) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries
Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Meeks Gardner, J., Lozoff, B., Wasserman, G. A., Pollitt, E., & Carter, J. A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60076-2 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029 · Cited by 1,524 · see citing works
“the guidelines we propose are consistent with those suggested by Barenbaum et al. (2004), Betancourt and Williams (2008), and”
BackgroundMethodBetancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802090363 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
“Research on the mental health consequences of armed conflict for children has grown in recent years (Lustig et al., 2004; Barenbaum et al., 2004; Betancourt & Williams, 2008).”
BackgroundMental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: linking practice and research
Tol, W. A., Barbui, C., Galappatti, A., Silove, D., Betancourt, T. S., Souza, R., Golaz, A., & van Ommeren, M. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61094-5 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Bolton, P., Bass, J., Betancourt, T., Speelman, L., Onyango, G., Clougherty, K. F., Neugebauer, R., Murray, L., & Verdeli, H. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.5.519 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Seeds of distrust: conflict in Uganda
Rohner, D., Thoenig, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2013) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1007/s10887-013-9093-1 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Jordans, M. J. D., Komproe, I. H., Tol, W. A., Kohrt, B. A., Luitel, N. P., Macy, R. D., & De Jong, J. T. V. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02209.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
“Despite a growing consensus on objectives and programmatic strategies (IASC, 2007), evaluations of child-focused interventions in these settings are relatively scarce (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Morris, Van Ommeren, Belfer, Saxena, & Saraceno, 2007; Stichick, 2001).”
BackgroundBetancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (2013) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0b013e318283bf8f · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Bürgin, D., Anagnostopoulos, D. C., the Board and Policy Division of ESCAP, Anagnostopoulos, D. C., Doyle, M., D, S. E. M., Fegert, J. M., Fuentes, J., Hebebrand, J., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-022-01974-z · Cited by 367 · see citing works
“Such non-specific interventions have the goal to reduce stress, to provide safe areas and shelters; to restore or reactivate protective factors [52].”
BackgroundPrevalence of mental disorders among children exposed to war: a systematic review of 7,920 children
Attanayake, V., McKay, R., Joffres, M., Singh, S., Burkle, F., & Mills, E. (2009) · Medicine, Conflict and Survival · doi:10.1080/13623690802568913 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Exposure to war trauma and PTSD among parents and children in the Gaza strip
Thabet, A. A. M., Tawahina, A. A., Sarraj, E. E., & Vostanis, P. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0653-9 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“Children directly or indirectly exposed to war conflict experience a variety of stressors, and many develop both short-term and long-term post-traumatic stress reactions [5].”
BackgroundTol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., Susanty, D., Jordans, M. J. D., Macy, R. D., & De Jong, J. T. V. M. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.6.655 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Williams, T. P., Brennan, R. T., Whitfield, T. H., De La Soudiere, M., Williamson, J., & Gilman, S. E. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
“Sources of potential protection have also been documented in research on war-affected youth (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Betancourt & Khan, 2008; Lustig et al., 2004).”
BackgroundViolence, suffering, and mental health in Afghanistan: a school-based survey
Panter‐Brick, C., Eggerman, M., Gonzalez, V., & Safdar, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61080-1 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., & De Jong, J. V. T. M. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00515.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“, 2007); and (d) the need for accessible, low-cost, systematic interventions (Moss et al., 2006; Williams, 2006; Barenbaum et al., 2004; Morris et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMcMullen, J. D., O'Callaghan, P., Shannon, C., Black, A., & Eakin, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12094 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Barber, B. K. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12056 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Barber, B. K. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408090972 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Children and war: Risk, resilience, and recovery
Werner, E. Ε. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000156 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Fernando, G. A., Miller, K. E., & Berger, D. E. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01462.x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Such conditions can arise from any area of a child’s ecology and include poverty caused or worsened by the loss of family livelihoods, displacement into crowded and impoverished refugee camps with a corresponding loss of privacy and autonomy, a loss of social support caused by the weakening of social networks through…”
BackgroundInfluentialA Qualitative Study of Mental Health Problems among Children Displaced by War in Northern Uganda
Betancourt, T. S., Speelman, L., Onyango, G., & Bolton, P. A. (2009) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461509105815 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R. K., Newnham, E. A., & Brennan, R. T. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Preventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: a literature review
Peltonen, K., & Punamäki, R. (2010) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20334 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“These results concur with the argument that in addition to reducing mental health problems, it is also important to enhance resources, resilience and positive attitudes among traumatized children [Barenbaum et al., 2004; Punamäki et al., 2007].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMels, C., Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., & Rosseel, Y. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02241.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Impact of the Russian Invasion on Mental Health of Adolescents in Ukraine
Osokina, O., Silwal, S., Bohdanova, T., Hodes, M., Sourander, A., & Skokauskas, N. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.845 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A. S., Legerski, J., Isakson, B. L., Pašalić, A., Duraković‐Belko, E., Đapo, N., Ćampara, N., Arslanagić, B., et al. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01454.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“As discussed by Netland (2001, 2005) and Barenbaum et al. (2004), these practices include: (a) the inappropriate use of the common latent factor with effect indicators model (i.”
BackgroundSadeh, A., Hen-Gal, S., & Tikotzky, L. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1348 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Study Components Data analysis consisted of assessment of 3 components, that is, (1) exposure to war experiences, (2) stress reactions and their association with exposure, and (3) the effects of a brief intervention on subsequent adaptation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe psychosocial consequences for children of mass violence, terrorism and disasters
Williams, R. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701349480 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“An excellent summary of the literature to 2003 on the psychosocial aspects of children exposed to war is provided by Barenbaum et al. (Barenbaum et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWylie, L., Meyel, R. V., Harder, H., Sukhera, J. I., Luc, C., Ganjavi, H., Elfakhani, M., & Wardrop, N. (2018) · Public health reviews · doi:10.1186/s40985-018-0102-y · Cited by 118 · see citing works
KARAM, E. G., FAYYAD, J., KARAM, A. N., TABET, C. C., MELHEM, N., MNEIMNEH, Z., & DIMASSI, H. (2008) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00170.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“The evidence for efficacy of interventions following war and terrorism is even more scant (16).”
BackgroundResultBenjet, C. L. (2010) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32833ad79b · Cited by 115 · see citing works
El-Khodary, B., Samara, M. M., & Askew, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00004 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Children of the Troubles: The Impact of Political Violence in Northern Ireland
Muldoon, O. T. (2004) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00366.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
CIVIL WAR EXPOSURE AND VIOLENCE
Miguel, E. A., Saiegh, S. M., & Satyanath, S. (2010) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00372.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Barenbaum et al. (2004) provide a useful survey of the literature in psychology on the effects of war on mental health.”
BackgroundInfluentialBirman, D., Beehler, S., Harris, E. M., Everson, M. L., Batia, K., Liautaud, J., Frazier, S. L., Atkins, M. S., Blanton, S., Buwalda, J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.78.1.121 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Violent Legacy of Conflict: Evidence on Asylum Seekers, Crime, and Public Policy in Switzerland
Couttenier, M., Petrencu, V., Rohner, D., & Thoenig, M. (2019) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20170263 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“9 See, for instance, Kuterovac-Jagodi´c ( 2003 ) ; Barenbaum, Ruchkin, and Schwab-Stone ( 2004 ) ; Fehr et violence during childhood alleviates endogeneity issues due to self-selection into violence ( e.g., excluding former perpetrators, see Section III .”
BackgroundMental health issues among refugee children and adolescents
Henley, J., & Robinson, J. A. (2011) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/j.1742-9552.2011.00024.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“The mental health needs of refugee children often go unmet due to various access and cultural issues (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Weine et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAn evaluation of a common elements treatment approach for youth in Somali refugee camps
Murray, L. K., Hall, B. J., Dorsey, S., Ugueto, A. M., Puffer, E. S., Sim, A. L., Ismael, A.-S., Bass, J., Akiba, C. F., Lucid, L., et al. (2018) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2018.7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“…refugee population (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2016) and are exposed to challenges, traumas and stressors at the individual, family, and community levels that increase their risk for mental health problems (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Betancourt & Khan, 2008; Reed et al., 2012).”
BackgroundViolence Exposure and Psychopathology in Urban Youth: The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress
Ruchkin, V. V., Henrich, C. C., Jones, S., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Schwab‐Stone, M. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9114-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“In addition, there is some evidence that the magnitude of trauma and the ways of how its outcomes unfold may differ by gender (e.g., Barenbaum, Ruchkin, & Schwab-Stone, 2004; Tolin & Foa, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChildhood post-traumatic stress disorder: an overview.
Bellis, M. D., & Dillen, T. V. (2005) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2005.05.006 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“In the last 20 years, systematic research has established that children exposed to violence represent a highly vulnerable population whose PTSD responses may be greater than those of adults [52].”
BackgroundVerdeli, H., Clougherty, K., Onyango, G., Lewandowski, E., Speelman, L., Betancourt, T. S., Neugebauer, R., Stein, T. R., & Bolton, P. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2008.03.002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Punamäki, R., Qouta, S., Miller, T., & Sarraj, E. E. (2011) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1080/10781919.2011.610722 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“The evidence is clear that accumulation of severe war trauma increases the likelihood of children's mental health problems, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, excessive fear, and aggression (Barenbaum, Ruchkin, & Schwab-Stone, 2004 ; Vostanis, 2004 ; Yule, 2000 ).”
BackgroundReturning home: resettlement of formerly abducted children in Northern Uganda
Corbin, J. N. (2008) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01042.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Normative experiences such as preparing FAC with education and income generating skills re-establishes FAC’s social roles within the community, their sense of security and stability, and their hope for the future (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Lorey, 2001; Machel,1996).”
BackgroundMülteci Öğrencilerin Bulunduğu Sınıflarda Öğrenme Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar
Başar, M., Akan, D., & ÇİFTÇİ, M. (2018) · Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.24106/kefdergi.427432 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Wainryb, C. (2011) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000331482 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…of violence against others, and bemoan the dearth of the sort of Human Development 2011;54:273–300 276 Wainryb empirical data that could help clarify how this violence might affect these youths’ moral development [Barenbaum et al., 2004; Boyden, 2003; Jones, 2002; Rafman, 2004; Wessells, 2006].”
BackgroundKerig, P. K., Wainryb, C., Twali, M. S., & Chaplo, S. D. (2013) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.813883 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Development of a multi-layered psychosocial care system for children in areas of political violence
Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., Susanty, D., Vallipuram, A., Ntamatumba, P., Lasuba, A. C., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2010) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-15 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Moreover, usually group work rather than individual work is preferred; because (a) group members can recognize that they are not alone with their problems, (b) group members can learn new strategies and coping skills from each other, (c) the group can function as a place to try out new problem-solving skills, and (d)…”
InfluentialBetancourt, T. S., Keegan, K., Farrar, J., & Brennan, R. T. (2020) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-020-00308-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Predictors of violence against children in Tamil families in northern Sri Lanka
Sriskandarajah, V., Neuner, F., & Catani, C. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.010 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kuwert, P., Spitzer, C., Träder, A., Freyberger, H. J., & Ermann, M. (2006) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161020600442x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Differences in the prevalence of long-lasting post-traumatic symptoms after war may be explained by a number of factors, including initial severity, psychosocial milieu after trauma, and continuing disruption, for example as a result of displacement (Barenbaum et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMiller‐Graff, L. E., & Cummings, E. M. (2016) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2016.10.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Impact, psychological sequelae and management of trauma affecting children and adolescents
Caffo, E., Forresi, B., & Lievers, L. S. (2005) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000172062.01520.ac · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Childhood exposure to the Second World War and financial risk taking in adult life
Bellucci, D., Fuochi, G., & Conzo, P. (2019) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2019.102196 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“In particular, exposure to conflict might have increased the perception of uncertainty and lack of control over the environment (Barenbaum et al., 2004).”
BackgroundResultUlmer-Yaniv, A., Djalovski, A., Yirmiya, K., Halevi, G., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002550 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Using χ2 tests, we found that prevalence of anxiety-related disorders and PTSD according to psychiatric diagnosis (DAWBA) was higher in the exposed compared with the control group (34.7% v. 15.8%).”
BackgroundInfluentialDerluyn, I., Vindevogel, S., & Haene, L. D. (2013) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.824058 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Overall, research on the health and well-being of child soldiers and certainly of children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in general has been relatively scarce and of quite recent date (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Boothby, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialMiller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.020 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
`Highly Vulnerable'? Political Violence and the Social Construction of Traumatized Children
Gilligan, C. (2008) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343308098407 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gilligan, C. (2006) · Policy & Politics · doi:10.1332/030557306776315813 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“This therapeutic turn can be seen in the area of humanitarian assistance to wartorn societies, which increasingly emphasises the issue of war trauma (see, for example, Pedersen, 2002; Powell and Durakovic-Belko, 2002; Barenbaum et al, 2004 ).”
BackgroundSchryver, M. D., Vindevogel, S., Rasmussen, A., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01896 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“…by virtue of a selected set of common variables, and their measurement based on aggregated counts risk to mask important ways in which people are differentially exposed to and affected by stressful events (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Netland, 2005; Layne et al., 2009; Betancourt et al., 2010).”
McMullen, J. D., O’Callaghan, P. S., Richards, J. A., Eakin, J. G., & Rafferty, H. (2011) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0454-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“opment; and to develop interventions to treat children traumatised by war [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialMiller, K. E., Koppenol‐Gonzalez, G. V., Arnous, M., Tossyeh, F., Chen, A., Nahas, N., & Jordans, M. J. D. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104512 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A controlled evaluation of a brief parenting psychoeducation intervention in Burundi
Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Ndayisaba, A., & Komproe, I. H. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0630-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“In other words, it reinforces the argument to direct interventions at parents of school-aged children, especially in settings where formal care structures are often absent and the importance of family networks ubiquitous, specifically to instruct them to recognize children’s distress and advice them to use appropriate…”
BackgroundHall, B. J., Tol, W., Jordans, M., Bass, J., & de Jong, J. D. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.042 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Exposure to war and armed conflict is associated with adverse mental health outcomes in children and adolescents (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Betancourt and Khan, 2008).”
Persson, T. J., & Rousseau, C. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Parental care protects traumatized Sri Lankan children from internalizing behavior problems
Sriskandarajah, V., Neuner, F., & Catani, C. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0583-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Children growing up in such adverse life environments are at risk of developmental problems [3, 4] and impaired psychological health and well-being [5, 6].”
BackgroundHaer, R., & Böhmelt, T. (2015) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066115581910 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Notwithstanding, it is generally accepted that children represent a highly vulnerable population and that they have the least capacity to recover (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Singer, 2006: 115).”
BackgroundJordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Susanty, D., Ntamatumba, P., Luitel, N. P., Komproe, I. H., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001371 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“We synthesize the interplay between research and practice in this program according to a set of principles extracted from guidelines on psychosocial support for children in areas of conflict [5,14,15] and emergency settings [9].”
BackgroundMethodWar, trauma and children's development: Observations from a modern evolutionary perspective
Belsky, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408090969 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Elusive Peace Dividend of Development Policy: From War Traps to Macro Complementarities
Rohner, D., & Thoenig, M. (2021) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-073120-102652 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“In the same vein, Barenbaum et al. (2004) and Derluyn et al. (2004) find that wars have adverse consequences on mental and psychological health.”
BackgroundBradley, R. H. (2007) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295190701306896 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“, taking time to play) may help relieve worries and restore a sense that it is worthwhile to pursue normal daily goals (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Foa et al., 1999; Perry, 1996). There is some evidence that parental warmth and responsiveness can protect children from adverse reactions to DCCs, especially young children w…”
BackgroundBetancourt, T. S., McBain, R. K., Newnham, E. A., & Brennan, R. T. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12131 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emotional legacies of war among former Colombian paramilitaries.
Nussio, E. (2012) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030327 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Vindevogel, S., Ager, A., Schiltz, J., Broekaert, E., & Derluyn, I. (2015) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461514565852 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ooi, C. S., Rooney, R. M., Roberts, C. M., Kane, R. T., Wright, B. R., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01641 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Vindevogel, S., Coppens, K., Derluyn, I., Schryver, M. D., Loots, G., & Broekaert, E. (2011) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mels, C., Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., & Rosseel, Y. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.56 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that, if psychological needs remain unattended, intrapsychological and consequently relational and community problems could persist.(13,15,16,19-21,34) Earlier research has also found that traumatic exposure and related symptoms predicted feelings of revenge and negative atti…”
BackgroundInfluentialDawson, K. S., Joscelyne, A., Meijer, C., Steel, Z., Silove, D. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417714333 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“There is considerable evidence of increased rates of psychological problems in children who have survived war and civil conflict (Attanayake et al., 2009; Barenbaum et al., 2004; Pat-Horenczyk et al., 2009; Stichick, 2001), with rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression being significantly higher i…”
BackgroundInternal displacement and health among the Palestinian minority in Israel
Daoud, N., Shankardass, K., O'Campo, P. J., Anderson, K. M., & Agbaria, A. K. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.041 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Children and the Sphere standard on mental and social aspects of health
Morris, J. E., van Ommeren, M., Belfer, M. L., Saxena, S., & Saraceno, B. (2007) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00341.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Accumulating evidence suggests that not only in Western settings ( Barenbaum, Ruchkin and Schwab-Stone, 2004 ), but also in non-Western contexts, children exposed to catastrophic events are at heightened risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety (including post-traumatic stress symptoms), behavioural problems, dimini…”
BackgroundA meta-review of school-based disaster interventions for child and adolescent survivors
Fu, C., & Underwood, C. R. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2015.1117978 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The effect of constant threat of terror on Israeli Jewish and Arab adolescents
Cohen, M. W., & Eid, J. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800601167546 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Adolescents reported lower levels of psychological distress than young children in reaction to traumatic experiences (Allen, 1998) and to living in war or violent conflict zones, due to their more developed cognitive capacities and coping resources (Barenbaum et al., 2004; Masten & Coatsworth, 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBetancourt, T. S., Salhi, C., Buka, S. L., Leaning, J., Dunn, G., & Earls, F. J. (2012) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01280.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Evaluation of a teacher-led, life-skills intervention for secondary school students in Uganda
McMullen, J. D., & McMullen, N. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.041 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Miller, K. E., Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., & Galappatti, A. (2021) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796020001110 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Numerous reviews reflect the same persistent reality: clinical and social-environmental interventions are seldom integrated into multilevel, integrated systems of support (Barenbaum et al ., 2005; Ellis et al ., 2012; Betancourt et al ., 2013; Jordans et al ., 2016).”
Internalizing and externalizing symptoms among unaccompanied refugee and Italian adolescents
Thommessen, S. A. O., Laghi, F., Cerrone, C., Baiocco, R., & Todd, B. K. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.10.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Muldoon, O. T. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Exploring the Support Role of Special Education Teachers After Hurricane Ike
Ducy, E. M., & Stough, L. M. (2011) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x11412494 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Mels, C., Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., & Rosseel, Y. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0128-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“This re-affirms the need to also bring local views into account when assessing mental health, to improve the accuracy and relevance of the screening [3, 12, 29, 32, 37, 38].”
BackgroundWalker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Gardner, J. M., Lozoff, B., Wasserman, G. A., Pollitt, E., & Carter, J. A. (2007) · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Haroz, E. E., Jordans, M. J. D., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Gross, A. L., Bass, J., & Tol, W. A. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115612924 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dvir-Gvirsman, S., Huesmann, L. R., Dubow, E. F., Landau, S. F., Boxer, P., & Shikaki, K. I. (2015) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2015.1010670 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Following such an explanation would suggest that parents carry part of the responsibility for their children’s initial beliefs (Bar-Tal, 1996; Barenbaum et al., 2004; Castelli, Zogmaister, & Tomelleri, 2009).”
BackgroundBuilding peace through education
Hymel, S. C., & Darwich, L. (2018) · Journal of Peace Education · doi:10.1080/17400201.2018.1535475 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…increasingly documented, including post-traumatic stress disorders, internalizing and externalizing problems (e.g. depression, aggression), academic challenges, and disturbances in personality and moral development (see Barber 2013; Barenbaum, Ruchkin, and Schwab-Stone 2004; Entholt and Yule 2006).”
BackgroundJordans, M. J. D., Komproe, I. H., Tol, W. A., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02028.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…countries to do clinical assessments within large populations (WHO, 2005); (2) facilitating early detection of at-risk populations when lay-screening is limited due to unawareness or stigmatization (Saltzman et al., 2003); and (3) planning for therapeutic interventions (Barenbaum et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialSchauer, M., & Schauer, E. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5722-1_16 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“However, having a caring and protective mother or father is not a panacea, and closeness to a responsible parent does not protect children from the traumatic impact of war and persecution, as parents cannot buffer their children from stress (Almqvist & Brandell-Forsberg, 1995; Barenbaum et al., 2004), which is a view…”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of the child psychosocial distress screener in Burundi.
Jordans, M. J. D., Komproe, I. H., Ventevogel, P., Tol, W. A., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2008) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0014216 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Communal Violence and Child Psychosocial Well-being: Qualitative Findings from Poso, Indonesia
Tol, W. A., Reis, R., Susanty, D., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2010) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461510364573 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A Coordinated Mental Health Crisis Response: Lessons Learned From Three Colorado School Shootings
Crepeau‐Hobson, F., Sievering, K. S., Armstrong, C., & Stonis, J. (2012) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.682002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The reunification process is an important piece of the crisis response as the re-establishment of natural social support systems is often the only crisis intervention needed for many individuals ( Barenbaum, Ruchkin, & Schwab-Stone, 2004 ) and family members are often identified as the greatest source of support follo…”
BackgroundSonderegger, R., Rombouts, S., Ocen, B., & McKeever, R. S. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x511637 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Miller, K. E., Fernando, G. A., & Berger, D. E. (2009) · Intervention · doi:10.1097/wtf.0b013e3283346344 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Victims and/or perpetrators? Towards an interdisciplinary dialogue on child soldiers
Derluyn, I., Vandenhole, W., Parmentier, S., & Mels, C. (2015) · BMC International Health and Human Rights · doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0068-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Not only are children forcibly recruited as child soldiers and thus actively participate in the armed conflict, also the frequently ethnic nature of these conflicts, amongst others, can turn every civilian into a potential victim or a perpetrator ready to defend his/her group’s interests [21].”
Background
- Authors
- Barenbaum, J., Ruchkin, V., & Schwab‐Stone, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ruchkin, Vladislav
- ORCID
- Ruchkin, Vladislav
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-62
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W1998495462
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 190
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 13.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
- Keywords
- war-affected children, child mental health, psychosocial trauma, child development, trauma intervention, injury prevention, humanitarian policy, civilian trauma
- MeSH terms
- Child, Culture, Humans, Psychology, Public Policy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Warfare
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
