Cited by 638Attachment and Relationship DynamicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study

Groh, Ashley M, Roisman, Glenn I, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J, Fearon, R Pasco·2012·Child Development

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01711.x

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Abstract

This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment and internalizing symptomatology during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with that for externalizing symptomatology. Based on 42 independent samples (N = 4,614), the association between insecurity and internalizing symptoms was small, yet significant (d = 0.15, CI 0.06∼0.25) and not moderated by assessment age of internalizing problems. Avoidance, but not resistance (d = 0.03, CI −0.11∼0.17) or disorganization (d = 0.08, CI −0.06∼0.22), was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms (d = 0.17, CI 0.03∼0.31). Insecurity and disorganization were more strongly associated with externalizing than internalizing symptoms. Discussion focuses on the significance of attachment for the development of internalizing versus externalizing symptomatology.

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“(2014) and Hockaday (2018) found no association between security of attachment and behavior problems of the foster child, but research in the regular population points to insecure attachment relationships increasing the risk for behavioral problems (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012).”
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“Insecure attachment predicts aggression and other antisocial behaviours, associations that strengthens with age and are present regardless of socioeconomic status (SES) or whether symptoms meet clinical thresholds [8].”
Background
Suicidal risk among adult survivors of childhood maltreatment: The role of parent–child contact during out of home placement
Touati, C. D., Miljkovitch, R., Sirparanta, A., Ahmad, S., Toléon, C., & Deborde, A.-S. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107040 · Cited by 3
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Fearon, P. R. M., Shmueli‐Goetz, Y., Viding, E. M., Fonagy, P., & Plomin, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12302 · Cited by 2
Attachment in Social and Emotional Development across the Life Course
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“…may lead to insecure and disorganized attachment among children; these attachment styles, in turn, may be associated with externalizing (e.g., aggressive or oppositional) and internalizing behavior (e.g., depressive symptoms) in later childhood and beyond (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012).”
Background
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Background

Authors: Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Fearon, R. P.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
University of Leiden
University of Reading
Corresponding author: Groh, Ashley M
ORCID: Groh, Ashley M
Roisman, Glenn I
Venue: Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-03-01
Volume: 83
Issue: 2
Pages: 591-610
ISSN: 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
1467-8624
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01711.x
OpenAlex: W2118748762
Semantic Scholar: 1aaa3cc6768aac1af795b29740f57ac8c88a734e
Cited by: 638
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 4.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Child Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: insecure attachment, disorganized attachment, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, childhood, attachment avoidance, child psychopathology
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Social Behavior Disorders, Somatoform Disorders, Statistics as Topic, Reactive Attachment Disorder

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The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study

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