The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Discounting of Delayed Rewards: A Life-Span Comparison
Abstract
In this study, children, young adults, and older adults chose between immediate and delayed hypothetical monetary rewards The amount of the delayed reward was held constant while its delay was varied All three age groups showed delay discounting, that is, the amount of an immediate reward judged to be of equal value to the delayed reward decreased as a function of delay The rate of discounting was highest for children and lowest for older adults, predicting a life-span developmental trend toward increased self-control Discounting of delayed rewards by all three age groups was well described by a single function with age-sensitive parameters (all R 2 s > 94) Thus, even though there are quantitative age differences in delay discounting, the existence of an age-invariant form of discount function suggests that the process of choosing between rewards of different amounts and delays is qualitatively similar across the life span
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While the extent to which delayed rewards are discounted decreases over the lifespan (Green, Fry, & Myerson, 1994)”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Green, Fry, & Myerson, 1994
In the citing paper
“which might suggest that, over time, nicotine increases delay discounting,188 especially given that this result is opposite of what might be expected based on the fact that younger people tend to exhibit higher delay discounting than older people.189”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [189]
In the citing paper
“Delay discounting generally decreases between young childhood and adulthood, meaning children tend to choose a smaller immediate reward over a larger delayed reward (Christakou et al., 2011; de Water et al., 2014; Green et al., 1994; Olson et al., 2007; Scheres et al., 2006; Steinberg et al., 2009).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Green et al., 1994
Citations
Cites
Delay of gratification in children.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2658056 · Cited by 3,397
Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency
Thaler, R. H. (1981) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-1765(81)90067-7 · Cited by 2,282
An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement.
Commons, M. L., Mazur, J., Nevin, J. A., & Rachlin, H. C. (1987) · doi:10.4324/9781315825502-11 · Cited by 1,842
SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY AND DELAY
Rachlin, H., Raineri, A., & Cross, D. (1991) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.55-233 · Cited by 1,341
COMMITMENT, CHOICE AND SELF‐CONTROL1
Rachlin, H., & Green, L. (1972) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.17-15 · Cited by 1,204
Self-citationDiscount rates inferred from decisions: an experimental study
Benzion, U., Israel, H., Rapoport, A., & Yagil, J. (1987) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.35.3.270 · Cited by 967
Research on self-control: An integrating framework
Logue, A. W. (1988) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00053978 · Cited by 792
Ainslie, G. W. (1974) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.21-485 · Cited by 780
Research in experimental economics
(2013) · doi:10.1108/s0193-2306(2013)0000016009 · Cited by 424
Preference reversal and self control: choice as a function of reward amount and delay
Green, L., Fisher, E. B., Perlow, S., & Sherman, L. (1981) · Cited by 335
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Green L Fisher E.B., 1981, Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1, 43
- Mazur J.E., 1987, Quantitative analyses of behavior Vol 5 The effect of delay and of in tervening events on reinforcement value, 55
- Rachlin H., 1989, Judgment decision and choice
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 998
Mao, H., Zhou, L., Ying, R., & Pan, D. (2021) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105627 · Cited by 229
Winterhalder, B. P., Lu, F., & Tucker, B. (1999) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/bf02446047 · Cited by 217
Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion.
Marco, R., Miranda, A., Schlotz, W., Melia, A., Mulligan, A., Müller, U., Andreou, P., Butler, L., Christiansen, H., Gabriels, I., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0014914 · Cited by 214
Ho, M.-Y., Mobini, S., Chiang, T.-J., Bradshaw, C. M., & Szabadi, E. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/pl00005482 · Cited by 218
Perception of anticipatory time in temporal discounting.
Kim, B.-S., & Zauberman, G. S. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics · doi:10.1037/a0017686 · Cited by 216
An alternative approach to calculating Area‐Under‐the‐Curve (AUC) in delay discounting research
Borges, A. M., Kuang, J., Milhorn, H., & Yi, R. (2016) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.219 · Cited by 213
Reward discounting as a measure of impulsive behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population.
Crean, J., de Wit, H., & Richards, J. (2000) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.8.2.155 · Cited by 218
Madden, G. J., & Johnson, P. S. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12069-001 · Cited by 214
Effects of methamphetamine on the adjusting amount procedure, a model of impulsive behavior in rats
Richards, J. B., Sabol, K. E., & de Wit, H. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/pl00005488 · Cited by 203
Johnson, M. W., & Bruner, N. R. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.032 · Cited by 209
Olson, E. A., Hooper, C. J., Collins, P. F., & Luciana, M. M. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.016 · Cited by 208
Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: Review and synthesis
Loree, A. M., Lundahl, L. H., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12132 · Cited by 192
Khurana, A., Romer, D., Betancourt, L. M., Brodsky, N. L., Giannetta, J. M., & Hurt, H. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12001 · Cited by 191
Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and energy intake in children
Daniel, T. O., Said, M., Stanton, C. M., & Epstein, L. H. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.03.006 · Cited by 192
DELAY, PROBABILITY, AND SOCIAL DISCOUNTING IN A PUBLIC GOODS GAME
Jones, B. A., & Rachlin, H. C. (2009) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.91-61 · Cited by 193
Olson, E. A., Collins, P. F., Hooper, C. J., Muetzel, R., Lim, K. O., & Luciana, M. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21107 · Cited by 185
Correlates of delay-discount rates: Evidence from Tsimane' Amerindians of the Bolivian rain forest
Kirby, K. N., Godoy, R., Reyes‐García, V., Byron, E. M., Apaza, L., Leonard, W. R., Pérez, E., Vadez, V., & Wilkie, D. S. (2002) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0167-4870(02)00078-8 · Cited by 187
Discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers: relationship to antisocial personality disorder
Petry, N. M. (2002) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1115-1 · Cited by 186
Reliability of a Measure of Temporal Discounting
Simpson, C. A., & Vuchinich, R. E. (2000) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395339 · Cited by 181
An additive-utility model of delay discounting.
Killeen, P. R. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0016414 · Cited by 181
Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex?
Piekarski, D. J., Johnson, C. M., Boivin, J. R., Thomas, A. W., Lin, W. C., Delevich, K., M. Galarce, E., & Wilbrecht, L. (2017) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.042 · Cited by 175
Lane, S. D., Cherek, D. R., Rhoades, H. M., Pietras, C. J., & Tcheremissine, O. V. (2003) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/00132576-200302020-00001 · Cited by 187
The Importance of Future Time Perspective in Theories of Work Motivation
Seijts, G. (1998) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223989809599156 · Cited by 175
A probabilistic, dynamic, and attribute-wise model of intertemporal choice.
Dai, J., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0035976 · Cited by 171
On weight and waiting: delay discounting in anorexia nervosa pretreatment and posttreatment
Decker, J. H., Figner, B., & Steinglass, J. E. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.016 · Cited by 163
Delay discounting: Pigeon, rat, human—does it matter?
Vanderveldt, A., Oliveira, L., & Green, L. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000097 · Cited by 171
Self-citationThe development of auditory attention in children
Gomes, H. (2000) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/gomes · Cited by 169
Klein-Flügge, M. C., Kennerley, S. W., Saraiva, A. C., Penny, W. D., & Bestmann, S. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004116 · Cited by 163
Reynolds, B., Patak, M., Shroff, P., Penfold, R. B., Melanko, S., & Duhig, A. M. (2007) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.3.264 · Cited by 155
Delay discounting and substance abuse-dependence.
Yi, R., Mitchell, S. H., & Bickel, W. K. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12069-007 · Cited by 158
Resolving the contradictions of addiction
Heyman, G. M. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042990 · Cited by 157
Reduced Sensitivity to Immediate Reward during Decision-Making in Older than Younger Adults
Eppinger, B., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036953 · Cited by 148
Domain independence and stability in young and older adults’ discounting of delayed rewards
Jimura, K., Myerson, J., Hilgard, J., Keighley, J., Braver, T. S., & Green, L. (2011) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.04.006 · Cited by 144
Self-citationShiels, K., Hawk, L. W., Reynolds, B., Mazzullo, R. J., Rhodes, J. D., Pelham, W. E., Waxmonsky, J. G., & Gangloff, B. P. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0017259 · Cited by 146
Smith, C. L., & Hantula, D. A. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.4.940 · Cited by 150
Reynolds, B. A., & Schiffbauer, R. (2005) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395520 · Cited by 145
Yates, J. F., & Patalano, A. L. (1999) · Wesleyan University Digital Collections (Wesleyan University) · Cited by 134
Subadditive versus hyperbolic discounting: A comparison of choice and matching
Read, D., & Roelofsma, P. H. M. P. (2003) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/s0749-5978(03)00060-8 · Cited by 138
Marx, I., Häcker, T., Yu, X., Cortese, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718772138 · Cited by 137
Gabaix, X., & Laibson, D. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23254 · Cited by 148
Delay Discounting Correlates with Proportional Lateral Frontal Cortex Volumes
Bjork, J. M., Momenan, R., & Hommer, D. W. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.023 · Cited by 134
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 148
Bitsakou, P., Psychogiou, L., Thompson, M., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.015 · Cited by 134
Discounting of delayed rewards: (A)theoretical interpretation of the Kirby questionnaire
Myerson, J., Baumann, A. A., & Green, L. (2014) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.07.021 · Cited by 131
Self-citationNeural and Behavioral Mechanisms of Impulsive Choice in Alcohol Use Disorder
Claus, E. D., Kiehl, K. A., & Hutchison, K. E. (2011) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01455.x · Cited by 134
Development of trust and reciprocity in adolescence
van den Bos, W., Westenberg, M., van Dijk, E., & Crone, E. A. (2010) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.07.004 · Cited by 129
Time preference and its relationship with age, health, and survival probability
Chao, L., Szrek, H., Pereira, N. S., & Pauly, M. V. (2009) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500000668 · Cited by 128
Effects of inflation on the subjective value of delayed and probabilistic rewards
Ostaszewski, P., Green, L., & Myerson, J. (1998) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212959 · Cited by 125
Self-citationAge differences in temporal discounting: The role of dispositional affect and anticipated emotions.
Löckenhoff, C. E., O’Donoghue, T., & Dunning, D. A. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0023280 · Cited by 124
Bickel, W. K., & Yi, R. (2008) · Advances in health economics and health services research · doi:10.1016/s0731-2199(08)20012-9 · Cited by 125
Behavioral Economics of Education: Progress and PossibilitiesPreprint
Lavecchia, A., Liu, H., & Oreopoulos, P. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2568069 · Cited by 123
Gray, J. C., Amlung, M. T., Palmer, A. A., & MacKillop, J. M. (2016) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.221 · Cited by 121
Delay Discounting and Performance on the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game
Harris, A. C., & Madden, G. J. (2002) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395196 · Cited by 119
Neuroeconomics and aging: Neuromodulation of economic decision making in old age
Mohr, P. N. C., Li, S., & Heekeren, H. R. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.010 · Cited by 119
Comparison between two measures of delay discounting in smokers.
Epstein, L. H., Richards, J. B., Saad, F. G., Paluch, R. A., Roemmich, J. N., & Lerman, C. E. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.2.131 · Cited by 123
DELAY‐AMOUNT TRADEOFFS IN CHOICES BY PIGEONS AND RATS: HYPERBOLIC VERSUS EXPONENTIAL DISCOUNTING
Mazur, J., & Biondi, D. R. (2009) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.91-197 · Cited by 118
Age, time, and decision making: from processing speed to global time horizons
Löckenhoff, C. E. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06209.x · Cited by 125
Berry, M. S., Sweeney, M. M., Morath, J., Odum, A. L., & Jordan, K. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097915 · Cited by 120
Opportunity costs of reward delays and the discounting of hypothetical money and cigarettes
Johnson, P. S., Herrmann, E. S., & Johnson, M. W. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.110 · Cited by 116
Social network and temporal discounting
Burt, R. S. (2017) · Network Science · doi:10.1017/nws.2017.23 · Cited by 112
Chisholm, J. S. (1999) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-999-1001-1 · Cited by 112
Origins of altered reinforcement effects in ADHD
Johansen, E., Killeen, P. R., Russell, V. A., Tripp, G., Wickens, J. R., Tannock, R., Williams, J., & Sagvolden, T. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-7 · Cited by 108
Demurie, E., Roeyers, H., Baeyens, D., & Sonuga‐Barke, E. (2012) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01178.x · Cited by 111
Community trust reduces myopic decisions of low-income individuals
Jachimowicz, J., Chafik, S., Munrat, S., Prabhu, J. C., & Weber, E. U. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1617395114 · Cited by 111
DELAYED REWARD AND COST DISCOUNTING
Murphy, J. G., Vuchinich, R. E., & Simpson, C. A. (2001) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) · Cited by 110
The price of change: The behavioral economics of drug dependence
Bickel, W. K., Madden, G. J., & Petry, N. M. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80050-6 · Cited by 110
Tradeoffs among delay, rate, and amount of reinforcement
Mazur, J. (2000) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00070-x · Cited by 109
PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING OF GAINS AND LOSSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ATTITUDES AND IMPULSIVITY
Shead, N. W., & Hodgins, D. C. (2009) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.92-1 · Cited by 121
Mindful eating reduces impulsive food choice in adolescents and adults.
Hendrickson, K. L., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000440 · Cited by 112
Franck, C. T., Koffarnus, M. N., House, L., & Bickel, W. K. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.128 · Cited by 108
Dittmar, H., & Bond, R. (2010) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712609x484658 · Cited by 107
Khurana, A., Römer, D., Betancourt, L. M., & Hurt, H. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13792 · Cited by 122
Dariotis, J. K., & Johnson, M. W. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0038399 · Cited by 108
Risk, Reward, and Economic Decision Making in Aging
Roalf, D. R., Mitchell, S. H., Harbaugh, W. T., & Janowsky, J. S. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr099 · Cited by 107
The development of mental scenario building and episodic foresight
Suddendorf, T., & Redshaw, J. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12189 · Cited by 119
Experimental and correlational analyses of delay and probability discounting.
Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12069-003 · Cited by 105
Self-citationAge and impulsive behavior in drug addiction: A review of past research and future directions
Argyriou, E., Um, M., Carron, C. R., & Cyders, M. A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.013 · Cited by 111
Cheng, Y., Shein, P. P., & Chiou, W. (2011) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02067.x · Cited by 103
Discounting in judgments of delay and probability
Rachlin, H. C., Brown, J. C., & Cross, D. V. (2000) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2 · Cited by 104
Age Differences in Striatal Delay Sensitivity during Intertemporal Choice in Healthy Adults
Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Mata, R., Radu, P. T., Ballard, I. C., Carstensen, L. L., & McClure, S. M. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00126 · Cited by 102
Risky Behavior Among Youths: Some Issues from Behavioral EconomicsPreprint
O’Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2000) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 102
The Psychology of Intertemporal Preferences
Urminsky, O., & Zauberman, G. S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch5 · Cited by 105
The need of young adults to text now: Using delay discounting to assess informational choice.
Atchley, P., & Warden, A. C. (2012) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.09.001 · Cited by 103
Delay of gratification and delay discounting in rats
Reynolds, B. A., de Wit, H., & Richards, J. B. (2002) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00088-8 · Cited by 105
Do high rates of cigarette consumption increase delay discounting?
Reynolds, B. (2004) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.006 · Cited by 98
Herrmann, E. S., Hand, D. J., Johnson, M. W., Badger, G. J., & Heil, S. H. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.026 · Cited by 102
Subjective value representations during effort, probability and time discounting across adulthood
Seaman, K. L., Brooks, N., Karrer, T. M., Castrellon, J. J., Perkins, S. F., Dang, L. C., Hsu, M., Zald, D. H., & Samanez-Larkin, G. R. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy021 · Cited by 93
Short-term cost for long-term benefit: Time preference and cancer control.
Chapman, G. B. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.s41 · Cited by 101
Food and token quantity discrimination in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
Addessi, E., Crescimbene, L., & Visalberghi, E. M. (2007) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-007-0111-6 · Cited by 98
Estimating time preferences for health using discrete choice experiments
Pol, M. M. V. D., & Cairns, J. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00256-2 · Cited by 98
Ida, T., & Goto, R. (2009) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00564.x · Cited by 97
Behavioral economic approaches to reduce college student drinking
Murphy, J. G., Correia, C. J., & Barnett, N. P. (2007) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.015 · Cited by 98
Accepting loss: the temporal limits of reciprocity in brown capuchin monkeys
Ramseyer, A., Pelé, M., Dufour, V., Chauvin, C., & Thierry, B. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3300 · Cited by 98
Probability and delay discounting of hypothetical sexual outcomes
Lawyer, S. R., Williams, S. A., Příhodová, T., Rollins, J. D., & Lester, A. C. (2010) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.04.002 · Cited by 96
Yi, R., Chase, W. D., & Bickel, W. K. (2007) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282effbd3 · Cited by 95
Sweitzer, M. M., Halder, I., Flory, J. D., Craig, A. E., Gianaros, P. J., Ferrell, R. E., & Manuck, S. B. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss020 · Cited by 103
Paik, Y., & Woo, H. (2013) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2017.1133 · Cited by 94
Personality traits in learning and education
Raad, B. D. (1996) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199609)10:3 · Cited by 114
Sze, Y. Y., Daniel, T. O., Kilanowski, C. K., Collins, R. L., & Epstein, L. H. (2015) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4603 · Cited by 94
Defining the Phygital Marketing Advantage
Johnson, M., & Barlow, R. (2021) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer16060130 · Cited by 111
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, L., Fry, A. F., & Myerson, J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-36
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2131954887
- Cited by
- 1,165
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 28.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Keywords
- delay discounting, delayed rewards, lifespan development, self-control, age differences, children, young adults, older adults, monetary rewards
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
