COMMITMENT, CHOICE AND SELF‐CONTROL1
Open accessAbstract
When offered a choice (Choice Y) between a small immediate reward (2‐sec exposure to grain) and a large reward (4‐sec exposure to grain) delayed by 4 sec, pigeons invariably preferred the small, immediate reward. However, when offered a choice (Choice X) between a delay of T seconds followed by Choice Y and a delay of T seconds followed by restriction to the large delayed reward only, the pigeon's choice depended on T. When T was small, the pigeons chose the alternative leading to Choice Y (and then chose the small, immediate reward). When T was large, the pigeons chose the alternative leading to the large delayed reward only. The reversal of preference as T increases is predicted by several recent models for choice between various amounts and delays of reward. The preference for the large delayed alternative with long durations of T parallels everyday instances of advance commitment to a given course of action. Such commitment may be seen as a prototype for self‐control.
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Hyperbolic discounting helps explain violations of the stationarity axiom: preference for larger-later rewards when smaller-sooner rewards are unavailable reverses when the smaller-sooner reward is immediately accessible.
“The hyperbolic shape of the discounting function also helps to explain the previously mentioned violations of the stationarity axiom in economics (Strotz, 1955); i.e., the tendency to prefer LLRs when SSRs are not readily available, and to reverse this preference when the SSR is immediately accessible.”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Rachlin & Green, 1972
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rachlin, H., & Green, L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rachlin, Howard
- Venue
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1972-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-22
- ISSN
- 0022-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3711
- PMC
- PMC1333886
- OpenAlex
- W1972850108
- Cited by
- 1,204
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- self-control, delay discounting, pigeons, delay duration
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