The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Do expressive mothers have expressive children? The role of socialization in children's affect expression
Abstract
The effects of maternal expressiveness and children's gender on children's nonverbal expressiveness were assessed in two settings. In the laboratory, 30 boys and 30 girls of kindergarten age were unobtrusively videotaped while talking about happy, sad, and fearful experiences and while experiencing three social situations designed to elicit happy, disappointed, and apprehensive feelings. Videotapes were rated for emotion expression, using global ratings and EMFACS codes. In school, teachers rated these children's expression of four discrete emotions. In both the laboratory and school settings children were more positively expressive than negatively so, and positive and negative expressiveness were unrelated. In the laboratory children's positive expressiveness was consistent across the three social situations, but negative expressiveness varied across affective context. In both settings, children of low‐expressive mothers were more positively expressive than children of high‐expressive mothers, who tended to be more negatively expressive than children of low‐expressive mothers. The difference in negative expression appeared most striking for anger. Gender was not predictive of children's expressiveness in either setting
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Mothers may play a particularly important role in the development of girls' expressivity, particularly of positive emotions (Halberstadt et al., 1993).”
From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Halberstadt et al., 1993
Citations
Cites
The psychology of interpersonal relations.
Heider, F. (1958) · doi:10.1037/10628-000 · Cited by 13,457
Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis
Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1984) · Cited by 3,925
The Approval Motive: Studies in Evaluative Dependence
Edwards, A. L., Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1965) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420595 · Cited by 1,933
Nonverbal Leakage and Clues to Deception †
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1969.11023575 · Cited by 1,854
Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research.
Scherer, K. R. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.99.2.143 · Cited by 1,767
Buck, R. W. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 874
Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior
Feldman, R. S., & Rimé, B. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 750
Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates.
King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.864 · Cited by 739
Learning Display Rules: The Socialization of Emotion Expression in Infancy
Malatesta, C. Z., & Haviland, J. M. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb01363.x · Cited by 696
Hall, J. (1990) · Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks · doi:10.56021/9780801824401 · Cited by 605
Verbal Conditioning: Method, Process, or Principle?
SPIELBERGER, C. D. (1970) · Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1037/013734 · Cited by 581
The Development of Emotion Expression during the First Two Years of Life
Malatesta, C. Z., Culver, C., Tesman, J. R., Shepard, B., Fogel, A., Reimers, M., & Zivin, G. (1989) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166153 · Cited by 499
Children's Spontaneous Control of Facial Expression
Cole, P. M. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130411 · Cited by 477
An Observational Study of Children's Attempts to Monitor Their Expressive Behavior
Saarni, C. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130020 · Cited by 453
Infants of Depressed Mothers Show "Depressed" Behavior Even with Nondepressed Adults
Field, T. M., Healy, B. T., Goldstein, S., Perry, S., Bendell, D., Schanberg, S. M., Zimmerman, E. A., & Kuhn, C. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03684.x · Cited by 419
Infants of Depressed Mothers Show "Depressed" Behavior Even with Nondepressed Adults
Field, T., Healy, B., Goldstein, S., Perry, S., Bendell, D., Schanberg, S., Zimmerman, E. A., & Kuhn, C. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130671 · Cited by 400
Cassidy, J. A., Parke, R. D., Butkovsky, L., & Braungart, J. M. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01649.x · Cited by 380
Gender differences in emotional development: A review of theories and research
Brody, L. R. (1985) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00361.x · Cited by 376
Young Children's Responses to Expressions of Anger and Affection by Others in the Family
Cummings, E. M., Zahn‐Waxler, C., & Radke‐Yarrow, M. (1981) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03176.x · Cited by 372
Family socialization of emotional expression and nonverbal communication styles and skills.
Halberstadt, A. G. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.4.827 · Cited by 369
Self-citationThe induced affect response: 10-week-old infants' responses to three emotion expressions.
Haviland, J. M., & Lelwica, M. (1987) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.23.1.97 · Cited by 361
Understanding and assessing nonverbal expressiveness: The Affective Communication Test.
Friedman, H. S., Prince, L. M., Riggio, R. E., & DiMatteo, M. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.2.333 · Cited by 343
Influence of conflict between adults on the emotions and aggression of young children.
Cummings, E. M., Iannotti, R. J., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1985) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.21.3.495 · Cited by 298
Malatesta, C. Z., & Izard, C. E. (1984) · Cited by 287
Coping with Background Anger in Early Childhood
Cummings, E. M. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01433.x · Cited by 256
Personality and socialization correlates of vicarious emotional responding.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Schaller, M., Miller, P., Carlo, G., Poulin, R., Shea, C., & Shell, R. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.459 · Cited by 244
BODY MOVEMENT AND VOICE PITCH IN DECEPTIVE INTERACTION
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Scherer, K. R. (1976) · Semiotica · doi:10.1515/semi.1976.16.1.23 · Cited by 237
Lewis, M., & Michalson, L. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3620-4 · Cited by 229
Differentiation of vicariously induced emotional reactions in children
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Bustamante, D., Mathy, R., Miller, P. A., & Lindholm, E. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.2.237 · Cited by 227
The altruistic personality: In what contexts is it apparent?
Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N., Troyer, D., Switzer, G., & Speer, A. L. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.450 · Cited by 203
The altruistic personality: In what contexts is it apparent?
Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N., Troyer, D., Switzer, G. E., & al, E. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.3.450 · Cited by 203
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., Troyer, D., Speer, A. L., Karbon, M., & Switzer, G. E. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01648.x · Cited by 186
Emotion Socialization and Expressive Development in Preterm and Full-Term Infants
Malatesta, C. Z., Grigoryev, P. B., Lamb, C., Albin, M., & Culver, C. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00031.x · Cited by 184
Emotion Socialization and Expressive Development in Preterm and Full-Term Infants
Malatesta, C. Z., Grigoryev, P. B., Lamb, C., Albin, M., & Culver, C. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130587 · Cited by 178
Maternal Emotional Responsiveness and Toddlers' Social‐Emotional Competence
Denham, S. A. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01066.x · Cited by 152
Camras, L. A., Ribordy, S., Hill, J., Martino, S., Sachs, V., Spaccarelli, S., & Stefani, R. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.2.304 · Cited by 117
A Review and Analysis of Children's Fearful Behavior in Dental Settings
Winer, G. A. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb04151.x · Cited by 111
The etiology of children's stereotypes about sex differences in emotionality
Birnbaum, D. W., & Croll, W. L. (1984) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287379 · Cited by 106
O’Sullivan, M., Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Scherer, K. R. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.54 · Cited by 82
Preschoolers' attributions of the situational determinants of others' naturally occurring emotions.
Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., McCormick, S. E., & Wilson, M. S. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.376 · Cited by 78
Maternal affect and toddlers' social-emotional competence.
Denham, S. A. (1989) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01672.x · Cited by 77
Vaughn, B. E., BLOCK, J. H., & Block, J. H. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03254.x · Cited by 75
Family expressiveness styles and nonverbal communication skills
Halberstadt, A. G. (1983) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00986327 · Cited by 65
Self-citationSelf- and family-expressiveness styles in the experience and expression of anger
Burrowes, B. D., & Halberstadt, A. G. (1987) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00987256 · Cited by 65
Self-citationZebrowitz, L. A., & Friedman, S. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.4.615 · Cited by 65
Vaughn, B. E., BLOCK, J. H., & Block, J. H. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130268 · Cited by 64
Family expressiveness and proneness to depression among college women
Cooley, E. L. (1992) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(92)90045-6 · Cited by 20
Decoding Children's Expressions of Affect
Feinman, J. A., & Feldman, R. S. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb03445.x · Cited by 17
Preschoolers' Mothers' Expression of and Coping with Emotion.
Denham, S. A. (1987) · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Brody L.R., Handbook of Emotions
- Cassidy J.&Parke R.D.(1989 April).Family expressiveness and children's social competence. InR.D.Parke(Chair) Emotional Expression in the Family. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research and Child Development Kansas City.
- 10.2307/1130538 · DOI
- 10.2307/1129516 · DOI · Paper page
- Ekman P., 1978, Facial Action Coding System Manual
- 10.2307/1129384 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.333 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.827 · DOI · Paper page
- Halberstadt A.G.(1991a April).Maternal expressiveness and emotionality: Socialization of children's expressiveness. InJ.P.Tangney&S.Denham(Chairs) Socialization of Emotion in the Family. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development Seattle WA.
- Halberstadt A.G., 1991, Fundamentals in Nonverbal Behavior, 106
- 10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.97 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864 · DOI
- 10.2307/1129139 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.143 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/1129002 · DOI
Cited by
Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology.
Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.686 · Cited by 1,067
Milojevich, H. M., Machlin, L., & Sheridan, M. A. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001273 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- Halberstadt, A. G., Fox, N. A., & Jones, N. A.
- Venue
- Social Development
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-65
- ISSN
- 0961-205X
- 1467-9507
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 49
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.