Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure
Open accessAbstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased rates of psychopathology and poor physical health. The present study builds on foundational work by Megan Gunnar identifying how ELA results in poor long-term outcomes through alterations in the stress response system, leading to major disruptions in emotional and behavioral regulation. Specifically, the present study tested the direct effects of ELA against the role of parent socialization to shed light on the mechanisms by which ELA leads to emotion regulation deficits. Children ages 4–7 years ( N = 64) completed interviews about their experiences of deprivation and threat, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, and an IQ test. Parents of the children completed questionnaires regarding their own emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology, their children's emotion regulation, and child exposure to adversity. At the bivariate level, greater exposure to threat and parental difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with poorer emotion regulation in children, assessed both via parental report and physiologically. In models where parental difficulties with emotion regulation, threat, and deprivation were introduced simultaneously, regression results indicated that parental difficulties with emotion regulation, but not deprivation or threat, continued to predict children's emotion regulation abilities. These results suggest that parental socialization of emotion is a robust predictor of emotion regulation tendencies in children exposed to early adversity.
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Parental emotion regulation may fully account for the impact of childhood adversity on children's emotion regulation.
“but the former may fully account for the impact of childhood adversity on children’s emotion regulation (Milojevich, Machlin, & Sheridan, 2020).”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Milojevich, Machlin, & Sheridan, 2020
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- Authors
- Milojevich, H. M., Machlin, L., & Sheridan, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Milojevich, Helen M.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1788-1798
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC8034486
- OpenAlex
- W3119210016
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh115004-05)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (T32-HD07376)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01‐MH115004)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007376)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, emotion regulation, parental emotion regulation, parental socialization, threat exposure, deprivation, fear conditioning, extinction, stress system, child psychopathology, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Child, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Family, Humans, Parents, Socialization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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