Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study
Abstract
Apathy is defined as a lack of motivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between two major dimensions of apathy (lack of initiative and lack of interest) and brain perfusion. in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain perfusion was measured by single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Thirty-one AD patients were included. Lack of initiative and interest were assessed with the Apathy Inventory. Nineteen AD subjects presented a lack of initiative and interest pathological score whereas 12 AD subjects did not. The lack of initiative and interest score correlated significantly with the right frontal and the right inferior temporal lobes. The AD patients with lack of initiative and interest showed a significantly lower perfusion in the right anterior cingulate than the AD patients without lack of initiative and interest. These results derive from rather small subgroups of patients but have the interest to dismantle the complementary aspects of emotion and motivation in apathy and suggest that the latter one is more related to cingulate area.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Apathy in Alzheimer's disease is associated with decreased perfusion in anterior cingulate cortex.
“Similarly apathy is associated with decreased perfusion in ACC (Benoit et al., 2004; Lanctôt et al., 2007; Robert et al., 2006), decreased ACC white matter integrity by DTI (Hahn et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2011; Ota et al., 2012) and increased amyloid burden in right ACC (Mori et al., 2014).”
From Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits? (2015) · cites this paper as Robert et al., 2006
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Handbook of Affective Sciences
(2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.001.0001 · Cited by 5,104 · see citing works
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria
Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., Passant, U., Stuss, D., Black, S., Freedman, M., Kertesz, A., Robert, P. H., Albert, M., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.6.1546 · Cited by 5,047 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00019-8 · Cited by 4,127 · see citing works
McKeith, I. G., Galasko, D., Kosaka, K., Perry, E. K., Dickson, D. W., Hansen, L. A., Salmon, D. P., Lowe, J., Mirra, S. S., Byrne, E. J., et al. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.5.1113 · Cited by 3,960 · see citing works
Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377 · see citing works
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.10s · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00233-9 · Cited by 1,869 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale
Marin, R. S., Biedrzycki, R. C., & Firinciogullari, S. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-v · Cited by 1,805 · see citing works
Comparing Functional (PET) Images: The Assessment of Significant Change
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1991.122 · Cited by 1,626 · see citing works
A PET study of visuospatial attention
Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Shulman, G. L., & Petersen, S. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-01202.1993 · Cited by 1,522 · see citing works
Anterior cerebral asymmetry and the nature of emotion
Davidson, R. J. (1992) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(92)90065-t · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion
Breiter, H. C., Gollub, R. L., Weisskoff, R. M., Kennedy, D. N., Makris, N., Berke, J. D., Goodman, J. M., Kantor, H. L., Gastfriend, D. R., Riorden, J. P., et al. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80374-8 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Mayberg, H. S., Preziosi, T. J., Andrezejewski, P., Leiguarda, R. C., & Robinson, R. G. (1992) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.4.2.134 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease
Mega, M., Cummings, J., Fiorello, T., & Gornbein, J. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.1.130 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Genuine memory deficits in dementia
Grober, E. H., & Herman Buschke, L. (1987) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648709540361 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Levy, M. L., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Masterman, D. L., Miller, B. L., Craig, A., Paulsen, J. S., & Litvan, I. (1998) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.10.3.314 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy
Marin, R. S. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.1.22 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Stuss, D. T., Floden, D., Alexander, M. P., Levine, B., & Katz, D. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00013-6 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Cholinergic interneuron characteristics and nicotinic properties in the striatum
Zhou, F., Wilson, C. J., & Dani, J. A. (2002) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10150 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex: who's in control?
Cohen, J. D., Botvinick, M., & Carter, C. S. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/74783 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Neural and behavioral substrates of mood and mood regulation
Davidson, R. J., Lewis, D. A., Alloy, L. B., Amaral, D. G., Bush, G., Cohen, J. D., Drevets, W. C., Farah, M. J., Kagan, J., McClelland, J. L., et al. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01458-0 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Dual-task performance in dysexecutive and nondysexecutive patients with a frontal lesion.
Baddeley, A., Sala, S. D., Papagno, C., & Spinnler, H. R. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.11.2.187 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Robert, P. H., Clairet, S., Benoît, M., Koutaich, J., Bertogliati, C., Tible, O., Caci, H. M., Borg, M., Brocker, P., & Bedoucha, P. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.755 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationSyndromic Validity of Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Petracca, G., Chemerinski, E., & Kremer, J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.872 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: A New Class of Psychotropic Compounds
Cummings, J. L. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.4 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Landes, A. M., Sperry, S. D., Strauss, M. E., & Geldmacher, D. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49282.x · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Dual-task performance in dysexecutive and nondysexecutive patients with a frontal lesion.
Baddeley, A., Sala, S. D., Papagno, C., et al. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.11.2.187 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Negative symptoms: the ‘pathology’ of motivation and goal-directed behaviour
Brown, R. G., & Pluck, G. C. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01626-x · Cited by 297 · see citing works
The limbic system: an anatomic, phylogenetic, and clinical perspective
Mega, M. S., Cummings, J. L., Salloway, S., & Malloy, P. F. (1997) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.315 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Logan, J., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G., Gur, R. C., Wong, C., Felder, C. A., Gatley, S. J., Ding, Y., HITZEMANN, R. J., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.75 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Signorini, M., Paulesu, E., Friston, K. J., Perani, D., Colleluori, A., Lucignani, G., Grassi, F., Bettinardi, V., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Fazio, F. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0381 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Apathy: Concept, Syndrome, Neural Mechanisms, and Treatment.
Marin, R. (1996) · PubMed · doi:10.1053/scnp00100304 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease.
Craig, A. H., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Itti, L., Miller, B. L., Li, J., & Mena, I. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550110056012 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Clinical Assessment of Irritability, Aggression, and Apathy in Huntington and Alzheimer Disease
Burns, A. S., Folstein, S. E., Brandt, J., & Folstein, M. F. (1990) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199001000-00004 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Migneco, O., Benoît, M., Koulibaly, P. M., Dygai, I., Bertogliati, C., Desvignes, P., Robert, P. H., Malandain, G., Bussiere, F., & Darcourt, J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0741 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationFrontal lobe hypometabolism and depression in Alzheimer's disease
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ishii, K., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Sasaki, M. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.2.380 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Apathy and executive function in Alzheimer's disease
McPherson, S. E., Fairbanks, L. A., TIKEN, S., Cummings, J. L., & Back‐Madruga, C. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702813182 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Neuropsychological correlates of apathy and depression in patients with dementia
Kuzis, G., Sabe, L., Tiberti, C., Dorrego, M. F., & STARKSTEIN, S. E. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.7.1403 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Differentiation of States and Causes of Apathy
Stuss, D. T., van Reekum, R., & Murphy, K. J. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195114645.003.0014 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Benoît, M., Dygai, I., Migneco, O., Robert, P. H., Bertogliati, C., Darcourt, J., Bénoliel, J., Aubin-Brunet, V., & Pringuey, D. (1999) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017198 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationBenoît, M., Koulibaly, P. M., Migneco, O., Darcourt, J., Pringuey, D., & Robert, P. H. (2002) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(02)00003-3 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonal relevance and the human right hemisphere
Lancker, D. V. (1991) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(91)90067-i · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Barrios, V., Argente, J., Pozo, J., s, F. H. A., oz, M. T. M. N., nchez, J. I. S. A., & Hernández, M. (2008) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000185009 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Sabe, L., Vázquez, S., Lorenzo, G. D., Martinez, A., Petracca, G., Teson, A., Chemerinski, E., & Leiguarda, R. C. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.63.1.66 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatry of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
Cummings, J. L., Vinters, H. V., & Felix, J. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14345 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
Chow, T. W. (2004) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16.3.379 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Benoît, M., Staccini, P., Brocker, P., Benhamidat, T., Bertogliati, C., Lechowski, L., Tortrat, D., & Robert, P. H. (2003) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/s0248-8663(03)80690-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationContemporary behavioral neurology
Trimble, M., & Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Comparing the Emotional Brains of Humans and Other Animals
Berridge, K. C. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.003.0003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Prefrontal Cortex
Jonides, J. J., Badre, D., Curtis, C. E., Thompson‐Schill, S. L., & Smith, E. E. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134971.003.0015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dr. Volkow and Colleagues Reply
Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1709 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The cholinergic contribution to neuromodulation in the cerebral cortex
Mesulam, M. ‐. (1995) · Seminars in Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/smns.1995.0033 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The anatomy of apathy: a neurocognitive framework for amotivated behaviour
Le Heron, C., Apps., M. A. J., & Husain, M. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“Research using SPECT has consistently demonstrated that reduced perfusion in ACC and OFC – as well as frontopolar and DLPFC regions in some studies – is associated with apathy in AD (Benoit et al., 2004; Craig et al., 1996; Lanctôt et al., 2007; Migneco et al., 2001; Robert et al., 2006).”
ResultNeuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits?
Rosenberg, P. B., Nowrangi, M. A., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2015.05.005 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
A SPECT study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Lanctôt, K. L., Moosa, S., Herrmann, N., Leibovitch, F. S., Rothenburg, L., Cotter, A., & Black, S. E. (2007) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000103633 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases
David, R., Koulibaly, M., Benoit, M., Garcia, R., Caci, H., Darcourt, J., & Robert, P. (2008) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.08.007 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Donovan, N. J., Wadsworth, L. P., Lorius, N., Locascio, J. J., Rentz, D. M., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., & Marshall, G. A. (2014) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kos, C., van Tol, M.-J., Marsman, J.-B. C., Knegtering, H., & Aleman, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.012 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Guercio, B. J., Donovan, N. J., Ward, A., Schultz, A., Lorius, N., Amariglio, R. E., Rentz, D. M., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., & Marshall, G. A. (2015) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13060141 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Beta-amyloid short- and long-term synaptic entanglement
Lanni, C., Fagiani, F., Racchi, M., Preda, S., Pascale, A., Grilli, M., Allegri, N., & Govoni, S. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lee, J. S., Kim, J. H., & Lee, S.-K. (2020) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Robert, P. H., Darcourt, G., Koulibaly, M. P., Clairet, S., Benoit, M., Garcia, R., Dechaux, O., & Darcourt, J.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (FR)
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Robert, P. H.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-06-23
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 729-735
- ISSN
- 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-1331
- OpenAlex
- W2088458545
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- apathy, lack of initiative, lack of interest, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral perfusion, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal lobe, inferior temporal lobe, motivation, emotions
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Statistics as Topic, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Mood Disorders, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
