A SPECT study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the association between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and apathy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHODS: SPECT and MRI scans were obtained from 51 nondepressed outpatients meeting criteria for probable AD (age 77.6 +/- 6.6 years; MMSE 22.3 +/- 5.1; 23 apathetic, 28 nonapathetic) and 23 healthy elderly (75.6 +/- 3.8 years) controls. The following regions of interest (ROIs) were compared between apathetic and nonapathetic AD patients and then referenced against aged controls: anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex, middle medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, medial superior temporal cortex, thalamus/hypothalamus and pons. RESULTS: Apathetic and nonapathetic patients had significant differences in rCBF. Relative to nonapathetic AD patients, apathetic AD patients had lower perfusion in 2 ROIs (right orbitofrontal cortex and left anterior cingulate) and higher perfusion in 5 ROIs (right and left hippocampi, left medial superior temporal gyrus, and right and left middle medial temporal cortex). Comparison of rCBF in these 7 ROIs to healthy elderly controls confirmed hypoperfusion in the left anterior cingulate and right orbitofrontal cortex and suggested a relative sparing of perfusion among apathetic AD patients in the remaining 5 ROIs. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of nondepressed patients with AD, apathetic subjects displayed significant perfusion differences compared to nonapathetic subjects.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Apathy in Alzheimer's disease is associated with decreased perfusion in anterior cingulate cortex.
“Similarly apathy is associated with decreased perfusion in ACC (Benoit et al., 2004; Lanctôt et al., 2007; Robert et al., 2006), decreased ACC white matter integrity by DTI (Hahn et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2011; Ota et al., 2012) and increased amyloid burden in right ACC (Mori et al., 2014).”
From Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits? (2015) · cites this paper as Lanctôt et al., 2007
Apathy in Alzheimer's disease is associated with greater amyloid burden in bilateral frontal cortex, reduced orbitofrontal metabolism on the left or right, and reduced connectivity in left-sided functional connectivity with frontal cortex.
“Apathy is further associated with greater amyloid burden in bilateral frontal cortex (Mori et al., 2014), reduced orbitofrontal metabolism on the left (Holthoff et al., 2005) or right (Lanctôt et al., 2007), and reduced connectivity in left-sided functional connectivity with frontal cortex (Baggio et al., 2015).”
From Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits? (2015) · cites this paper as Lanctôt et al., 2007
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025 · see citing works
Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., & Strick, P. L. (1986) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041 · Cited by 8,527 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · see citing works
Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377 · see citing works
Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.191355898 · Cited by 2,814 · see citing works
Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J., & DeKosky, S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1475 · Cited by 2,049 · see citing works
Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex
Tremblay, L., & Schultz, W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19525 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease
Mega, M., Cummings, J., Fiorello, T., & Gornbein, J. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.1.130 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making
Bush, G., Vogt, B. A., Holmes, J., Dale, A. M., Greve, D., Jenike, M. A., & Rosen, B. R. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.012470999 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
Gélinas, I., Gauthier, L., McIntyre, M., & Gauthier, S. (1999) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.53.5.471 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms
Schultz, W. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80007-4 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Frontal-subcortical circuits and neuropsychiatric disorders
Mega, M. S., & Cummings, J. L. (1994) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.6.4.358 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Levy, M. L., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Masterman, D. L., Miller, B. L., Craig, A., Paulsen, J. S., & Litvan, I. (1998) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.10.3.314 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy
Marin, R. S. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.1.22 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Neurobiologic processes in drug reward and addiction
Adinoff, B. (2004) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220490910844 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Pharmacology and behavioral pharmacology of the mesocortical dopamine system
Tzschentke, T. M. (2001) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00033-2 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Selective hypometabolism in the inferior frontal lobe in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease
Mayberg, H. S., Starkstein, S. E., Sadzot, B., Preziosi, T., Andrezejewski, P. L., Dannals, R. F., Wagner, H. N., & Robinson, R. G. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280111 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Syndromic Validity of Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Petracca, G., Chemerinski, E., & Kremer, J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.872 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Drug Reward: Beyond Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens
Bardo, M. T. (1998) · Critical Reviews in Neurobiology · doi:10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v12.i1-2.30 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Landes, A. M., Sperry, S. D., Strauss, M. E., & Geldmacher, D. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49282.x · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Book Review: Reward Signaling by Dopamine Neurons
Schultz, W. (2001) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840100700406 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Motivation, reward, and Parkinson's disease: influence of dopatherapy
Czernecki, V. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00108-2 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Liotti, M., Mayberg, H. S., McGinnis, S., Brannan, S. L., & Jerabek, P. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1830 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Frontal lobe dysfunction in secondary depression
Mayberg, H. S. (1994) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.6.4.428 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Minoshima, S., Frey, K. A., Foster, N. L., & Kuhl, D. E. (1995) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199507000-00006 · Cited by 252 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The cerebellum was chosen as the reference region because blood perfusion in the cerebellum remains fairly unaffected in AD, even as the disease progresses [”
MethodApathy: Concept, Syndrome, Neural Mechanisms, and Treatment.
Marin, R. (1996) · PubMed · doi:10.1053/scnp00100304 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease.
Craig, A. H., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Itti, L., Miller, B. L., Li, J., & Mena, I. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550110056012 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression
Marin, R. S., Firinciogullari, S., & Biedrzycki, R. C. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90040-q · Cited by 213 · see citing works
(1996) · PubMed · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Cerebral Metabolism and Depression in Patients With Complex Partial Seizures
Bromfield, E. B., Altshuler, L. L., Leiderman, D. B., Balish, M., Ketter, T. A., Devinsky, O., Post, R. M., & Theodore, W. H. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530300049010 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Paralimbic frontal lobe hypometabolism in depression associated with Huntington's disease
Mayberg, H. S., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Peyser, C. E., Brandt, J., Dannals, R. F., & Folstein, S. E. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.9.1791 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Clinical Assessment of Irritability, Aggression, and Apathy in Huntington and Alzheimer Disease
Burns, A. S., Folstein, S. E., Brandt, J., & Folstein, M. F. (1990) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199001000-00004 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Holthoff, V. A., Beuthien-Baumann, B., Kalbe, E., Lüdecke, S., Lenz, O., Zündorf, G., Spirling, S., Schierz, K., Winiecki, P., Sorbi, S., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.035 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Frontal lobe hypometabolism and depression in Alzheimer's disease
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ishii, K., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Sasaki, M. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.2.380 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Migneco, O., Benoit, M., Koulibaly, P., Dygaĭ, I., Bertogliati, C., Desvignes, P., Robert, P., Malandain, G., Bussière, F., & Darcourt, J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0741 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the dementias
Assal, F., & Cummings, J. L. (2002) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-200208000-00007 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Apathy and executive function in Alzheimer's disease
McPherson, S. E., Fairbanks, L. A., TIKEN, S., Cummings, J. L., & Back‐Madruga, C. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702813182 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Neuropsychological correlates of apathy and depression in patients with dementia
Kuzis, G., Sabe, L., Tiberti, C., Dorrego, M. F., & STARKSTEIN, S. E. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.7.1403 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Brain perfusion correlates of the apathy inventory dimensions of Alzheimer's disease
Benoit, M., Clairet, S., Koulibaly, P. M., Darcourt, J., & Robert, P. H. (2004) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1163 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Matsuda, H., Yagishita, A., Tsuji, S., & Hisada, K. (1995) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/bf01254564 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of paramedian thalamic infarction
Stuss, D. T., Guberman, A. H., Nelson, R., & Larochelle, S. (1988) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90059-0 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Benoît, M., Dygai, I., Migneco, O., Robert, P. H., Bertogliati, C., Darcourt, J., Bénoliel, J., Aubin-Brunet, V., & Pringuey, D. (1999) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017198 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Apathy and loss of insight in Alzheimer's disease: a SPECT imaging study
Ott, B. R., Noto, R. B., & Fogel, B. S. (1996) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.8.1.41 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Differentiation of States and Causes of Apathy
Stuss, D. T., van Reekum, R., & Murphy, K. J. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195114645.003.0014 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Benoît, M., Koulibaly, P. M., Migneco, O., Darcourt, J., Pringuey, D., & Robert, P. H. (2002) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(02)00003-3 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
An informant-based assessment of apathy in Alzheimer disease.
Strauss, M. E., & Sperry, S. D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Robert, P. H., Darcourt, G., Koulibaly, M. P., Clairet, S., Benoit, M., Garcia, R., Dechaux, O., & Darcourt, J. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01088.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Metabolic Patterns Associated With the Clinical Response to Galantamine Therapy
Mega, M. S., Dinov, I. D., Porter, V. R., Chow, G., Reback, E., Davoodi, P., O'Connor, S. M., Carter, M. F., Amezcua, H., & Cummings, J. L. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.5.721 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease on Chinese and American caregivers
Pang, F. C., Chow, T. W., Cummings, J. L., Leung, V., Chiu, H. F. K., Lam, L. C. W., Chen, Q. L., Tai, C., Chen, L. W., Wang, S., et al. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.510 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Functional Status and Clinical Findings in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Freds, S., Cohen, D., Eisdorfer, C., Paveza, G. J., Gorelick, P. B., Luchins, D. J., Hirschman, R. S., Ashford, J. W., Levy, P. S., Semla, T. P., et al. (1992) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/47.6.m177 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Positive and negative neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease
Doody, R. S., Massman, P. J., Mahurin, R. K., & Law, S. (1995) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.7.1.54 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Contributions of Cingulate Cortex to Human Behavior
Devinsky, O., & Luciano, D. (1993) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-6704-6_19 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Psychiatric Symptoms Associated With Cortical-Subcortical Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
López, O. L., Živković, S., Smith, G. S., Becker, J. T., MELTZER, C. C., & DeKosky, S. T. (2001) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.13.1.56 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lobaugh, N. J., Caldwell, C. B., Black, S. E., Leibovitch, F. S., & Swartz, R. H. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liao, Y., Liu, R.-S., Lee, Y., Sun, C.-M., Liu, C., Wang, P.-S., Wang, P.-N., & Liu, H.-C. (2003) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000072808 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Neural Substrates of Motivation
Duffy, J. D. (1997) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19970101-07 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Harwood (2001) · doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 61 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00073 · Cited by 1,425 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
Lyketsos, C. G., Carrillo, M. C., Ryan, J. M., Khachaturian, A. S., Trzepacz, P., Amatniek, J., Cedarbaum, J., Brashear, R., & Miller, D. S. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2410 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Apathy in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, neural substrates, diagnosis, and treatment
Pagonabarraga, J., Kulisevsky, J., Strafella, A. P., & Krack, P. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00019-8 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
The anatomy of apathy: a neurocognitive framework for amotivated behaviour
Le Heron, C., Apps., M. A. J., & Husain, M. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
Bruen, P. D., McGeown, W. J., Shanks, M. F., & Venneri, A. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn151 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits?
Rosenberg, P. B., Nowrangi, M. A., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2015.05.005 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Apathy associated with neurocognitive disorders: Recent progress and future directions
Lanctôt, K. L., Agüera-Ortíz, L., Brodaty, H., Francis, P. T., Geda, Y. E., Ismail, Z., Marshall, G. A., Mortby, M. E., Onyike, C. U., Padala, P. R., et al. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.008 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Reijnders, J., Scholtissen, B., Weber, W., Aalten, P., Verhey, F., & Leentjens, A. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23268 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Apathy: A Common Psychiatric Syndrome in the Elderly
Ishii, S., Weintraub, N., & Mervis, J. R. (2009) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.03.007 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Apathy in Alzheimer Disease
Herrmann, N., Rothenburg, L. S., Black, S. E., Ryan, M., Liu, B. A., Busto, U. E., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318172b479 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Apathy in Neuropsychiatric Disease: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
Chase, T. N. (2010) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9196-9 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The Role of Dopamine in Symptoms and Treatment of Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease
Mitchell, R., Herrmann, N., & Lanctôt, K. (2011) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00161.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Ruthirakuhan, M. T., Herrmann, N., Abraham, E. H., Chan, S., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012197.pub2 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Steffens, D. C., Fahed, M., Manning, K. J., & Wang, L. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02292-3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Donovan, N. J., Wadsworth, L. P., Lorius, N., Locascio, J. J., Rentz, D. M., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., & Marshall, G. A. (2014) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Pinto, T., Lanctôt, K. L., & Herrmann, N. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2011.01.003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kos, C., van Tol, M.-J., Marsman, J.-B. C., Knegtering, H., & Aleman, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.012 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Apathy and cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
Tunnard, C., Whitehead, D. L., Hurt, C. S., Wahlund, L., Mecocci, P., Tsolaki, M., Vellas, B. J., Spenger, C., Kłoszewska, I., Soininen, H. S., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2603 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A review of neuroimaging findings of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Theleritis, C. G., Politis, A. M., Siarkos, K., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213001725 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Neural Correlates for Apathy: Frontal-Prefrontal and Parietal Cortical- Subcortical Circuits
Moretti, R., & Signori, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00289 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Franch, J. V., Calvó‐Perxas, L., Garre‐Olmo, J., Garriga, O. T., & Pousa, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-120913 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Guercio, B. J., Donovan, N. J., Munro, C. E., Aghjayan, S. L., Wigman, S. E., Locascio, J. J., Amariglio, R. E., Rentz, D. M., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150146 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Microstructural alteration of the anterior cingulum is associated with apathy in Alzheimer disease
Kim, J. W., Lee, D. Y., Choo, I. H., Seo, E. H., Kim, S. G., Park, S. Y., & Woo, J. I. (2011) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820dcc73 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Clinicopathological correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Casanova, M. F., STARKSTEIN, S. E., & Jellinger, K. A. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0821-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric correlates of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Skogseth, R., Mulugeta, E., Ballard, C., Rongve, A., Nore, S., Alves, G., & Aarsland, D. (2008) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000137671 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Liu, X., Chen, W., Hou, H., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Guo, Z., & Bai, G. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.037 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Reward processing in neurodegenerative disease
Perry, D. C., & Kramer, J. H. (2014) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2013.873063 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lavretsky, H., Zheng, L., Weiner, M. W., Mungas, D., Reed, B., Kramer, J. H., Jagust, W. J., Chui, H. C., & Mack, W. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020280 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Post-Stroke Apathy and Hypoperfusion in Basal Ganglia: SPECT Study
Onoda, K., Kuroda, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Abe, S., Oguro, H., Nagai, A., Bokura, H., & Yamaguchi, S. (2010) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000319771 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Apathy as a Treatment Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Clinical Trials.
Mortby, M., Adler, L., Agüera-Ortiz, L., Bateman, D., Brodaty, H., Cantillon, M., Geda, Y., Ismail, Z., Lanctôt, K., Marshall, G., et al. (2021) · The American journal of geriatric psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.016 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kang, J. Y., Lee, J. S., Kang, H., Lee, H., Kim, Y. K., Jeon, H. J., Chung, J. K., Lee, M. C., Cho, M. J., & Lee, D. S. (2011) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318231e5fc · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Another major function of the anterior cingulate cortex: The representation of requirements
Weston, C. S. E. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Neurobiology of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Guimarães, H. C., Lévy, R., Teixeira, A. L., Beato, R., & Caramelli, P. (2008) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300035 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Guercio, B. J., Donovan, N. J., Ward, A., Schultz, A., Lorius, N., Amariglio, R. E., Rentz, D. M., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., & Marshall, G. A. (2015) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13060141 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Relationship between apathy and diffusion tensor imaging metrics of the brain in Alzheimer's disease
Ota, M., Sato, N., Nakata, Y., Arima, K., & Uno, M. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2779 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Use of Psychostimulants in Patients with Dementia
Dolder, C. R., Davis, L. N., & McKinsey, J. (2010) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1p341 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Moon, Y., Moon, W.-J., Kim, H., & Han, S.-H. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000356343 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neural correlates of apathy revealed by lesion mapping in participants with traumatic brain injuries
Knutson, K. M., Monte, O. D., Raymont, V., Wassermann, E. M., Krüeger, F., & Grafman, J. H. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22225 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Stella, F., Radanovic, M., Aprahamian, I., Canineu, P. R., de Andrade, L. P., & Forlenza, O. V. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-131385 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
McIntosh, R. C., Rosselli, M., Uddin, L. Q., & Antoni, M. H. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Apathy Associated with Alzheimer Disease: Use of Dextroamphetamine Challenge
Lanctôt, K. L., Herrmann, N., Black, S. E., Ryan, M., Rothenburg, L. S., Liu, B. A., & Busto, U. E. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318170a6d1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Differential effects of deep TMS of the prefrontal cortex on apathy and depression
Levkovitz, Y., Sheer, A., Harel, E. V., Katz, L. N., Most, D., Zangen, A., & Isserles, M. (2011) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2010.12.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lanctôt, K. L., Chau, S. A., Herrmann, N., Drye, L. T., Rosenberg, P. B., Scherer, R. W., Black, S. E., Vaidya, V., Bachman, D., & Mintzer, J. E. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213001762 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
White matter cortico-striatal tracts predict apathy subtypes in Huntington's disease
Paepe, A. E. D., Sierpowska, J., Garcia‐Gorro, C., Martínez‐Horta, S., Pérez‐Pérez, J., Kulisevsky, J., Rodríguez‐Dechicha, N., Vaquer, I., Subirà, S., Calopa, M., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101965 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neurobiologic Rationale for Treatment of Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease With Methylphenidate
van Dyck, C. H., Arnsten, A. F. T., Padala, P. R., Brawman‐Mintzer, O., Lerner, A. J., Porsteinsson, A. P., Scherer, R. W., Levey, A. I., Herrmann, N., Jamil, N., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.026 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A functional neuroimaging study of appetite loss in Alzheimer’s disease
Ismail, Z., Herrmann, N., Rothenburg, L. S., Cotter, A., Leibovitch, F. S., Rafi‐Tari, S., Black, S. E., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2008) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.03.023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Onoda, K., & Yamaguchi, S. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.030 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Olfaction and apathy in Parkinson's disease
Cramer, C. K., Friedman, J. H., & Amick, M. M. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.09.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tau-induced focal neurotoxicity and network disruption related to apathy in Alzheimer’s disease
Kitamura, S., Shimada, H., Niwa, F., Endo, H., Shinotoh, H., Takahata, K., Kubota, M., Takado, Y., Hirano, S., Kimura, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2018-317970 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dysfunctional effort-based decision-making underlies apathy in genetic cerebral small vessel disease
Heron, C. J. L., Manohar, S., Plant, O., Muhammed, K., Griffanti, L., Nemeth, A. H., Douaud, G., Markus, H. S., & Husain, M. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy257 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Correlates of Apathy and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease
Bogdanova, Y., & Cronin‐Golomb, A. (2011) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/793076 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gatchel, J. R., Donovan, N. J., Locascio, J. J., Becker, J. A., Rentz, D. M., Sperling, R. A., Johnson, K. A., & Marshall, G. A. (2017) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.12.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A transdiagnostic review of neuroimaging studies of apathy and disinhibition in dementia
Jenkins, L. M., Wang, L., Rosen, H. J., & Weıntraub, S. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac133 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pagonabarraga, J., & Kulisevsky, J. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.025 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Scherer, R. W., Drye, L. T., Mintzer, J. E., Lanctôt, K. L., Rosenberg, P. B., Herrmann, N., Padala, P. R., Brawman‐Mintzer, O., Burke, W. J., Craft, S., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2406-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Marshall, G. A., Gatchel, J. R., Donovan, N. J., Muniz, M. C., Schultz, A. P., Becker, J. A., Chhatwal, J. P., Hanseeuw, B. J., Papp, K. V., Amariglio, R. E., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170578 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Raimo, S., Santangelo, G., D’Iorio, A., Trojano, L., & Grossi, D. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9959-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
An Update on Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Dolphin, H., Dyer, A. H., McHale, C., O’Dowd, S., & Kennelly, S. (2023) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics8040075 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease
Terada, S., Oshima, E., Sato, S., Ikeda, C., Nagao, S., Hayashi, S., Hayashibara, C., Yokota, O., & Uchitomi, Y. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.11.002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pharmacological Therapy for Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sepehry, A. A., Sarai, M., & Hsiung, G. R. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2016.426 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kanemoto, H., Kazui, H., Suzuki, Y., Sato, S., Kishima, H., Yoshimine, T., & Yoshiyama, K. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Frontal Assessment Battery and brain perfusion images in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Kume, K., Hanyu, H., Murakami, M., Sato, T., Hirao, K., Kanetaka, H., Sakurai, H., & Iwamoto, T. (2010) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00645.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Revisiting Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease: From Conceptualization to Therapeutic Approaches
Teixeira, A. L., Gonzales, M., de Souza, L. D., & Weisenbach, S. (2021) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2021/6319826 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Apathy and Olfactory Dysfunction in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Hong, J. Y., Sunwoo, M. K., Ham, J. H., Lee, J. J., Lee, P. H., & Sohn, Y. H. (2015) · Journal of Movement Disorders · doi:10.14802/jmd.14029 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Exploring social cognition in patients with apathy following acquired brain damage
Njomboro, P., Humphreys, G. W., & Deb, S. S. (2014) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-14-18 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Apathy Predicts More Severe Parkinsonism in Alzheimer's Disease
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Merello, M., Brockman, S., Bruce, D. G., Petracca, G., & Power, B. (2009) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31818a0e35 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Apathy and Attentional Biases in Alzheimer’s Disease
Chau, S. A., Chung, J., Herrmann, N., Eizenman, M., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-151026 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Neural Basis of Apathy in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Kazui, H., Takahashi, R., Yamamoto, Y., Yoshiyama, K., Kanemoto, H., Suzuki, Y., Sato, S., Azuma, S., Suehiro, T., Shimosegawa, E., et al. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160223 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gait and Apathy as Relevant Symptoms of Subcortical Vascular Dementia
Moretti, R., Cavressi, M., & Tomietto, P. (2014) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317514550329 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Victoroff, J., Lin, F. V., Coburn, K. L., Shillcutt, S. D., Voon, V., & Ducharme, S. (2017) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16080155 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ozzoude, M., Varriano, B. M., Beaton, D., Ramirez, J., Adamo, S. M., Holmes, M. F., Scott, C. J. M., Gao, F., Sunderland, K. M., McLaughlin, P. M., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01257-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Valotassiou, V. J., Papatriantafyllou, J. D., Sifakis, N., Tzavara, C. K., Tsougos, I., Psimadas, D., Fezoulidis, I. V., Kapsalaki, E. Z., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., & Georgoulias, P. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150068 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of Apathy Scales in Dementia: A Systematic Review
Mohammad, D., Ellis, C., Rau, A., Rosenberg, P. B., Mintzer, J. E., Ruthirakuhan, M. T., Herrmann, N., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180485 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chaudhary, S., Zhornitsky, S., Chao, H., van Dyck, C., & Li, C. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215316 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Trail Making Test Part A and Brain Perfusion Imaging in Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Shindo, A., Terada, S., Sato, S., Ikeda, C., Nagao, S., Oshima, E., Yokota, O., & Uchitomi, Y. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000350806 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Apathy in Alzheimer’s disease: A neurocircuitry based perspective
Mehak, S. F., Shivakumar, A. B., Saraf, V., Johansson, M., & Gangadharan, G. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101891 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Restless Legs Syndrome in a Group of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Talarico, G., Canevelli, M., Tosto, G., Vanacore, N., Letteri, F., Prastaro, M., Troili, F., Gasparini, M., Lenzi, G. L., & Bruno, G. (2012) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317512470208 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical Abnormalities in Older Depressed Adults With Apathy: A Systematic Review
Pimontel, M. A., Kanellopoulos, D., & Gunning, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988719882100 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Role of Hybrid Brain Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Burhan, A. M., Marlatt, N. E., Palaniyappan, L. K., Anazodo, U., & Prato, F. S. (2015) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics5040577 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Drye, L. T., Scherer, R. W., Lanctôt, K. L., Rosenberg, P. B., Herrmann, N., Bachman, D., & Mintzer, J. E. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Structural Brain Differences Between Cognitively Impaired Patients With and Without Apathy
Chan, N. K., Gerretsen, P., Chakravarty, M. M., Blumberger, D. M., Caravaggio, F., Brown, E. E., & Graff‐Guerrero, A. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.12.008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yeh, Y., Li, C., Kuo, Y., Huang, M., Liu, T., Jaw, T., Yang, Y., Kuo, K.-C., & Chen, C. (2017) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217002381 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Apathy and right caudate perfusion in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A case‐control study
Kanemoto, H., Kazui, H., Suehiro, T., Kishima, H., Suzuki, Y., Sato, S., Azuma, S., Matsumoto, T., Yoshiyama, K., Shimosegawa, E., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5038 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Brommelhoff, J. A., & Sultzer, D. L. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-148007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oshima, E., Terada, S., Sato, S., Ikeda, C., Oda, K., Inoue, S., Kawada, K., Yokota, O., & Uchitomi, Y. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease
Ruthirakuhan, M. T., Herrmann, N., Abraham, E. H., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012197 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Apathy in Neuropsychiatric Disease: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
Chase, T. N. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0785-0_5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rashidi‐Ranjbar, N., Churchill, N. W., Black, S. E., Kumar, S., Tartaglia, M. C., Freedman, M., Lang, A. E., Steeves, T. D. L., Swartz, R. H., Saposnik, G., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.6074 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Premnath, P. Y., Locascio, J. J., Mimmack, K. J., Gonzalez, C., Properzi, M. J., Udeogu, O. J., Rosenberg, P. B., Marshall, G. A., Gatchel, J. R., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12442 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Leroi, I., David, R., & Robert, P. H. (2012) · Advances in biological psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000331524 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Miao, D., Zhou, X., Wu, X., Chen, C., & Tian, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980954 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Valotassiou, V. J., Sifakis, N., Tzavara, C. K., Lykou, E., Tsinia, N., Kamtsadeli, V., Sali, D., Angelidis, G., Psimadas, D., Tsougos, I., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1846752 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia
Marshall, G. A. (2024) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000001501 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ramirez, M. K., Phipps, C. J., Murman, D. L., Beadle, J. N., Phatak, V. S., & Warren, D. E. (2025) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000543160 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Behavioral disorders: The ‘blind spot’ of neurology and psychiatry
Azuar, C., & Lévy, R. (2018) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.02.083 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bases neurales de l’apathie dans les maladies dégénératives
Robert, G., Lozachmeur, C., Jeune, F. L., Vérin, M., & Drapier, D. (2012) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2012.05.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Apathy in autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: A case series and literature review.
Tomizawa, Y., Okada, H., Miyachi, M., Hoshino, Y., Cossu, D., Kimura, A., Shimohata, T., & Hattori, N. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578733 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Laurell, A. A. S., Shah, S., Rahmati, M., O'Brien, J. T., & Underwood, B. R. (2025) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2025.07.011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Clinical Use of SPECT and PET Molecular Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease
Valotassiou, V. J., Sifakis, N., Papatriantafyllou, J. D., Angelidis, G., & Georgoulias, P. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/18825 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lack of Association Between COMT Polymorphisms and Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease
David, R., Initiative1, A. F. T. A. D. N., Friedman, L., Mulin, E., Noda, A. M., Duff, F. L., Kennedy, Q., Garcia, R., Robert, P. H., Yesavage, J. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110491 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lanctôt, K. L., Moosa, S., Herrmann, N., Leibovitch, F. S., Rothenburg, L., Cotter, A., & Black, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Venue
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-72
- ISSN
- 1420-8008 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9824
- OpenAlex
- W2065519255
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- apathy, Alzheimer's disease, regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral perfusion, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, medial temporal cortex, thalamus, passive optical networks, cerebral hypoperfusion
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
