Epidemiology of headache in Europe
Open accessAbstract
The present review of epidemiologic studies on migraine and headache in Europe is part of a larger initiative by the European Brain Council to estimate the costs incurred because of brain disorders. Summarizing the data on 1‐year prevalence, the proportion of adults in Europe reporting headache was 51%, migraine 14%, and ‘chronic headache’ (i.e. ≥15 days/month or ‘daily’) 4%. Generally, migraine, and to a lesser degree headache, are most prevalent during the most productive years of adulthood, from age 20 to 50 years. Several European studies document the negative influence of headache disorders on the quality of life, and health‐economic studies indicate that 15% of adults were absent from work during the last year because of headache. Very few studies have been performed in Eastern Europe, and there are also surprisingly little data on tension‐type headache from any country. Although the methodology and the quality of the published studies vary considerably, making direct comparisons between different countries difficult, the present review clearly demonstrates that headache disorders are extremely prevalent and have a vast impact on public health. The data collected should be used as arguments to increase resources to headache research and care for headache patients all over the continent.
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Good data exist on migraine prevalence derived from a number of western countries.
“As far as Europe is concerned, good data exist on migraine prevalence derived from a number of western countries [17,18].”
From The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Although the literature on migraine epidemiology and natural history and studies of chronic headache as a group have been reviewed (1,17,18), a more focused review of CM is timely.”
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“A previous study on the headache prevalence in Europe covered the data up till 2005 [1].”
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Steiner, T. J., Stovner, L. J., Katsarava, Z., Lainez, J. M., Lampl, C., Lantéri-Minet, M., Rastenyte, D., Ruiz de la Torre, E., Tassorelli, C., Barré, J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-31 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
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“Migraine is an episodic neurological disorder with complex pathophysiology, affecting 8% of males and 17% of female”
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“, 2001), but figures from Europe are similar (Stovner et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMolecular genetics of migraine
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“15% of the adult general population and is about three times more prevalent in females than in males (Stewart et al. 1994; Launer et al. 1999; Stovner et al. 2006).”
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Ayzenberg, I., Katsarava, Z., Sborowski, A., Chernysh, M., Osipova, V, Tabeeva, G., Yakhno, N., Steiner, T., & Burden, O. B. O. L. T. (2012) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102412438977 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“The 1-year prevalence of migraine, at 20.8% (including definite and probable migraine), is higher than the mean of 13.7% reported in Europe (18) but in line with estimates from the Netherlands (19), France (20), Croatia (21), Brazil (22) and Korea (23).”
ResultInfluentialStovner, L. J., Al Jumah, M., Birbeck, G. L., Gururaj, G., Jensen, R., Katsarava, Z., Queiroz, L. P., Scher, A. I., Tekle-Haimanot, R., Wang, S.-J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-5 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“A neutral question is “Have you had headache during the last year?”; such a question will include, as cases, those for whom headache is only a minor nuisance, and will therefore yield a higher prevalence than a non-neutral question specifying degree, frequency, intensity or circumstances of its occurrence [12].”
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Lucieer, F., Vonk, P., Guinand, N., Stokroos, R. J., Kingma, H., & van de Berg, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00026 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
“This was significantly higher than that in the non-idiopathic group and higher than would be expected in the normal population: migraine normally affects only 8% of males and 17% of females (51, 52).”
BackgroundScher, I., BIGAL, M. E., & Lipton, R. B. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000169750.52406.a2 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
An unfavorable lifestyle and recurrent headaches among adolescents
Robberstad, L., Dyb, G. A., Hagen, K., Stovner, L. J., Holmen, T. L., & Zwart, J. ‐. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181eee244 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and Burden of Headache and Migraine in Germany
Radtke, A., & Neuhauser, H. K. (2008) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01263.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“Another meta-analysis, including only European data, found a somewhat lower 1-year prevalence of 46% for unspecified headache and a slightly higher rate of 14% for migraine.(2) In agreement with previous studies, all headache types were most frequent in the young and middle-aged.”
ResultHeadache prevalence related to smoking and alcohol use. The Head‐HUNT Study
Aamodt, A. H., Stovner, L. J., Hagen, K., Bråthen, G., & Zwart, J. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01492.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“There is a possibility of non-differential misclassification of diagnosis, which might weaken real associations, but we think this is a minor problem as the prevalence of migraine in the current population is consistent with data from other population-based studies in the Western countries [32].”
ResultSelf-citationChronic migraine—classification, characteristics and treatment
Diener, H., Dodick, D. W., Goadsby, P. J., Lipton, R. B., Olesen, J., & Silberstein, S. D. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.13 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“18,19 A systematic review from 2010 focused on 12 worldwide, populationbased incidence and prevalence studies that determined rates of chronic migraine using either the Silberstein–Lipton criteria for transformed migraine (Box 2), 24,30,31 or the current ICHD2R criteria for chronic migraine.”
BackgroundManzoni, G. C., & Stovner, L. J. (2010) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/s0072-9752(10)97001-2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Anatomy of the Greater Occipital Nerve: Part II. Compression Point Topography
Janis, J. E., Hatef, D. A., Dučić, I., Reece, E. M., Hamawy, A. H., Becker, S. P., & Guyuron, B. (2010) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181ef7f0c · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Straube, A. M., Pfaffenrath, V., Ladwig, K., Meisinger, C., Hoffmann, W. U., Fendrich, K., Vennemann, M., & Berger, K. (2009) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01906.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“calculated that the 1-year prevalence of chronic headache is about 4% (17).”
BackgroundImpact of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project
Stovner, L. J., Andrée, C., & On behalf of the Eurolight Steering Committee (2008) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-008-0038-6 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“In some previous studies it has varied between 2 and 6 days per year among headache patients in general [17], and between 1.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIs Headache Related to Asthma, Hay Fever, and Chronic Bronchitis? The Head‐HUNT Study
Aamodt, A. H., Stovner, L. J., Langhammer, A., Hagen, K., & Zwart, J. (2006) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00597.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationThe social impact of dizziness in London and Siena
Bronstein, A. M., Golding, J. F., Gresty, M. A., Mandalà, M., Nuti, D., Shetye, A., & Silove, Y. (2009) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5287-z · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“As a chronic symptom it results in significant morbidity in the community at large [9, 18, 21], but in contrast to comparable symptoms such as headache [20] and back pain [2], the impact of dizziness on social and working life remains largely unknown.”
BackgroundVestibular migraine – validity of clinical diagnostic criteria
Radtke, A., Neuhauser, H. K., von Brevern, M., Hottenrott, T., & Lempert, T. (2011) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102411405228 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Both migraine and vertigo are highly prevalent in the general population with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 18% for migraine (31) and 7% for vertigo (32) and will frequently concur by chance alone.”
BackgroundComorbidity of headache and gastrointestinal complaints. The Head-HUNT Study.
Aamodt, A. H., Stovner, L. J., Hagen, K., & Zwart, J.-A. (2008) · PubMed · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01486.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationCost of migraine and other headaches in Europe
Berg, J., & Stovner, L. J. (2005) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01192.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“The search for relevant epidemiological studies has been described previously in a review of headache epidemiological studies in Europe (Stovner et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAbnormal cortical responses to somatosensory stimulation in medication-overuse headache
Coppola, G., Currà, A., Lorenzo, C. D., Parisi, V., Gorini, M., Sava, S. L., Schoenen, J. E., & Pierelli, F. (2010) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-10-126 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“MOH is a disabling health problem that affects 2-4% of the general population and causes considerable long-term morbidity and disability [2].”
BackgroundSarchielli, P., Rainero, I., Coppola, F., Rossi, C., Mancini, M. L., Pinessi, L., & Calabresi, P. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01566.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
One-year prevalence of migraine in Spain: A nationwide population-based survey
Matías‐Guiu, J., Porta-Etessam, J., Mateos, V., Díaz-Insa, S., López‐Gil, A., & Fernández, C. (2010) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102410382794 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“In a review of migraine and headache in Europe, summarizing the data on one-year prevalence, the proportion of adults in Europe reporting migraine was 14% (22).”
BackgroundHeadache, migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: The HUNT study
Winsvold, B. S., Hagen, K., Aamodt, A. H., Stovner, L. J., Holmen, J., & Zwart, J. ‐. (2010) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03199.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationPresenting symptoms of glioma in adults
Posti, J. P., Bori, M., Kauko, T., Sankinen, M., Nordberg, J., Rahi, M., Frantzén, J., Vuorinen, V., & Sipilä, J. O. T. (2014) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12285 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Interestingly, an epidemiological paper reported 1-year prevalence of headache to be 51% in European adults (30).”
BackgroundThe Pattern Glare Test: a review and determination of normative values
Evans, B. J. W., & Stevenson, S. (2008) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00578.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Regardless of the mechanisms, however, there seems to be a reduction in cortical excitability with age, consistent with the reduction in susceptibility to headache with age (Stovner et al., 2006).”
BackgroundTurkish Headache Prevalence Study Group, Karlı, N., Baykan, B. B., Ertaş, M., Zarifoğlu, M., Sıva, A., Saip, S., & Özkaya, G. (2012) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0475-0 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Headache is among the most prevalent and disabling disorders and pain syndromes [3, 4].”
BackgroundLeonardi, M., Raggi, A., Bussone, G., & D’Amico, D. (2010) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01770.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“The interest in disability and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation in migraine is due to the disease’s high incidence and prevalence levels, which peak in the productive age and determine a considerable impact on the society as a whole, especially from an economic perspective.(14-19) A study on the cost o…”
BackgroundSchwaiger, J. P., Kiechl, S. J., Seppi, K., Sawires, M., Stockner, H., Erlacher, T., Mairhofer, M., Niederkofler, H., Rungger, G., Gasperi, A., et al. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01705.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pharmacological treatment of migraine during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Amundsen, S., Nordeng, H., Henriksen, K. N., Stovner, L. J., & Spigset, O. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.29 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationMacGregor, E. A., Victor, T. W., Hu, X., Xiang, Q., Puenpatom, R., Chen, W., & Campbell, J. C. (2010) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01625.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Gazerani, P., Au, S., Dong, X., Kumar, U., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., & Cairns, B. E. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.029 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“The most common forms of primary headaches (tension type, migraine and chronic daily headache) affect more than 50% of the general population with a higher incidence in women than in men [61].”
BackgroundThe Epidemiology of Migraine Headache in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review
El‐Metwally, A., Toivola, P., Alahmary, K. A., Bahkali, S., Khathaami, A. M. A., Ammar, S. A. A., Al-Tamimi, I., Alosaimi, S. M., Jawed, M., & Almustanyir, S. (2020) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2020/4790254 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Recent population-based studies from western countries demonstrated the prevalence of migraines to be 10% to 12% [15], while in European studies, it has been reported to be within a range of 12%–28% [46].”
BackgroundThe Zygomaticotemporal Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve: Part II. Anatomical Variations
Janis, J. E., Hatef, D. A., Thakar, H. J., Reece, E. M., McCluskey, P. D., Schaub, T. A., Theivagt, C., & Guyuron, B. (2010) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181e094d7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Acute Treatment of Episodic and Chronic Migraine in the USA
Bigal, M., Borucho, S., Serrano, D., & Lipton, R. B. (2009) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01819.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Smoking as a precipitating factor for migraine: a survey in medical students
López-Mesonero, L., Márquez, S., Parra, P., Gámez-Leyva, G., Muñoz, P., & Pascual, J. (2009) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-009-0098-2 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Migraine is a frequent condition suffered from 10 to 15% of the population [1].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationEpidemiology of Headache Disorders in the A sia‐ P acific Region
Peng, K., & Wang, S. (2014) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12328 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Of note, the peak age of 20-60 years in men was much less prominent in European and US studies.(37,38) Asian studies also reported highly variable peak ages for men with migraine: 2 Korean studies reported peak ages of 15-19 years and 19-29 years;(10,15) the Japanese and Taiwanese studies reported peak ages of 20-29 y…”
ResultYoon, M.-S., Manack, A., Schramm, S., Fritsche, G., Obermann, M., Diener, H.-C., Moebus, S., & Katsarava, Z. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.010 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Chronic headaches, defined broadly as those occurring on P15 days/month, affect about 3–4% of the general population and account for a markedly disproportionate share of the overall headache-related burden and costs [50,65,66,76].”
BackgroundLarge-scale plasma metabolome analysis reveals alterations in HDL metabolism in migraine
Onderwater, G. L. J., Ligthart, L., Bot, M., Demirkan, A., Fu, J., Kallen, C., Vijfhuizen, L. S., Pool, R., Liu, J., Vanmolkot, F. H. M., et al. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007313 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationZebenholzer, K., Lechner, A., Broessner, G., Lampl, C., Luthringshausen, G., Wuschitz, A., Obmann, S.-M., Berek, K., & Wöber, C. (2016) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0603-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Migraine, Headaches, and Cognition
Martins, I. P., Gil‐Gouveia, R., Silva, C., Maruta, C., & Oliveira, A. G. (2012) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02218.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Indeed, the demographic features of the migraine group were quite typical with a female predominance, younger age, and associated depression,(71-73) and the prevalence of headache and migraine by age reproduced the existing epidemiological data in the adult population.(22,74) This can be viewed as a measure of externa…”
ResultWang, Y., Xie, J., Yang, F., Wu, S., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Deng, X., & Yu, S. (2015) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-16-4 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“The current headache prevalence is 46% in the adult population worldwide [1]; Asians have a lower prevalence than European and North American populations due to racial differences [3,4].”
BackgroundGender-Related Differences in the Dysfunctional Resting Networks of Migraine Suffers
Liu, J., Qin, W., Nan, J., Li, J., Yuan, K., Zhao, L., Zeng, F., Sun, J., Yu, D., Dong, M., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027049 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Recently, differences in the incidence of migraine between men and women have been observed [12,13].”
BackgroundValidation of the web-based LUMINA questionnaire for recruiting large cohorts of migraineurs
van Oosterhout, W., Weller, C., Stam, A., Bakels, F., Stijnen, T., Ferrari, M. D., & Terwindt, G. M. (2011) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102411418846 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationSpotlight on Anti‐CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Migraine: The Clinical Evidence to Date
Pellesi, L., Guérzoni, S., & Pini, L. A. (2017) · Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development · doi:10.1002/cpdd.345 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“(1) In normal conditions, CGRP (little green balls) binds usually its receptor.”
BackgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide in peripheral blood as a biomarker for migraine
Ramón, C., Cernuda‐Morollón, E., & Pascual, J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000440 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationBurden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Kikui, S., Chen, Y., Todaka, H., Asao, K., Adachi, K., & Takeshima, T. (2020) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01180-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Increased thalamic glutamate/glutamine levels in migraineurs
Bathel, A., Schweizer, L. M., Stude, P., Glaubitz, B., Wulms, N., Delice, S., & Schmidt‐Wilcke, T. (2018) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0885-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders, thought to affect up to 6% of men and 18% of women in western industrialized countries [1].”
BackgroundCosts of disorders of the brain in Europe
Balak, N., & Elmaci, I. (2007) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01570.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cefaleas en la persona mayor: características de una serie de 262 pacientes
Ruíz, M., Pedraza, M. I., de la Cruz, C., Barón, J., Muñoz, I., Rodríguez, C., Celorrio, M. V. J., Mulero, P., Herrero, S., & Peral, Á. L. G. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.07.007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Aranda, M., & Morlock, G. E. (2007) · Journal of Chromatographic Science · doi:10.1093/chromsci/45.5.251 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Onderwater, G. L. J., van Oosterhout, W. P. J., Schoonman, G. G., Ferrari, M. D., & Terwindt, G. M. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13861 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“The severity, frequency, unpredictability of attacks and high prevalence of migraine cause a great burden to patients and society [2,5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Role of Vitamin D in Primary Headache–from Potential Mechanism to Treatment
Nowaczewska, M., Wiciński, M., Osiński, S., & Kaźmierczak, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010243 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Chronic forms are connected with medication overuse, bad response to therapies and lower quality of life [6].”
BackgroundNeurostimulation in the treatment of primary headaches
Miller, S., Sinclair, A. J., Davies, B., & Matharu, M. S. (2016) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001298 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“55 Traditional migraine preventatives have problems with low tolerability and efficacy and so there is a demand for new treatment options.”
BackgroundCurrent Status of the New Antiepileptic Drugs in Chronic Pain
Sidhu, H. S., & Sadhotra, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00276 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Garcia-Chimeno, Y., García-Zapirain, B., Gómez-Beldarrain, M., Fernández-Ruanova, B., & García‐Moncó, J. C. (2017) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0434-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Migraine is a common and disabling type of headache with a worldwide one-year prevalence of 17% among women and 7% among men, and an incidence peak in early to mid-adolescence [1, 2].”
BackgroundUsing Sleep Time Data from Wearable Sensors for Early Detection of Migraine Attacks
Siirtola, P., Koskimäki, H., Mönttinen, H., & Röning, J. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18051374 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Due to its commonness, 15% of people in European countries suffer from migraines [5], it is also an expensive disease.”
BackgroundPascual, J., Mateos, V., Roig, C., del Río, M. S., & Jiménez, D. (2007) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00849.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“13 One point is scored for each positive answer to the 5 following questions: (1) Is the study randomized? (2) Is the study double blinded? (3) Is there a description of withdrawals? (4) Is the randomization adequately described? (5) Is the blindness adequately described? Each trial received a score of 0-5, with highe…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationEpidemiology of headache in Arab countries
Benamer, H. T. S., Deleu, D., & Grosset, D. G. (2009) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-009-0173-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“The 1-year prevalence, which is considered more reliable than lifetime prevalence, which depends heavily on the patient’s recall [6] was only reported in one study [4].”
BackgroundInvolvement of gap junction channels in the pathophysiology of migraine with aura
Sarrouilhe, D., Dejean, C., & Mesnil, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00078 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“The estimated annual prevalence of migraine is 18.2% in women and 6.5% in men in the population of the United States, and 16.8 and 7.5%, respectively, in European countries (Lipton et al., 2001; Stovner et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialBIGAL, M. E., & Lipton, R. B. (2008) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e328300c6f5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Consistently Replicating Locus Linked to Migraine on 10q22-q23
Anttila, V., Nyholt, D. R., Kallela, M., Artto, V., Vepsäläinen, S., Jakkula, E., Wennerström, A., Tikka-Kleemola, P., Kaunisto, M. A., Hämäläinen, E., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“likely explanations for the greater sensitivity of TCA and LCA over the clinical diagnosis: ( 1 ) LCA and especially TCA may better reflect underlying processes in migraine pathophysiology, and/or (2) these two methods can utilize the questionnaire-based information in a more optimal way to find informative individual…”
MethodBiscetti, L., Vanna, G. D., Cresta, E., Corbelli, I., Gaetani, L., Cupini, L. M., Calabresi, P., & Sarchielli, P. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02229-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Epidemiologically, most immunological/autoimmune diseases are more frequent in females [1, 2]; likewise, almost all primary headache forms are more commonly diagnosed in females too, except for cluster headache [3].”
BackgroundPrevalence of primary headache disorders in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt
El-Sherbiny, N. A., Masoud, M., Shalaby, N., & Shehata, H. (2015) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0569-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“The one-year prevalence is 10–18 % in migraine, and 31–90 % in tensiontype headache (TTH) [2–4].”
BackgroundHeller, M. K., Chapman, S., & Horne, R. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Likewise, we chose headache, a common ‘everyday’ symptom and side effect [22,40,41] to probe symptom attribution.”
BackgroundZebenholzer, K., Andree, C., Lechner, A., Broessner, G., Lampl, C., Luthringshausen, G., Wuschitz, A., Obmann, S.-M., Berek, K., & Wöber, C. (2015) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0531-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The one-year prevalence is 10–18 % in migraine, and 31–90 % in tension-type headache (TTH) [1–3].”
BackgroundRisk factors for migraine and tension-type headache in 11 year old children
Waldie, K. E., Thompson, J., Mia, Y., Murphy, R., Wall, C. R., & Mitchell, E. A. (2014) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-60 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Discussion Migraine is an episodic and disabling neurological condition affecting about 14% of the adult population [40] while TTH is even more prevalent than migraine [41].”
BackgroundEvaluation of simple inflammatory blood parameters in patients with migraine
Yazar, H. O., Yazar, T., Aygün, A., KAYGISIZ, Ş., & Kırbaş, D. (2019) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-019-02136-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Efficacy and mechanism of anticonvulsant drugs in migraine
Hoffmann, J., Akerman, S., & Goadsby, P. J. (2014) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.885835 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Migraine is the most disabling of the neurological disorders worldwide [1], with a lifetime prevalence of 15–20% [2].”
BackgroundSpreading depression and the clinical correlates of migraine
Eikermann‐Haerter, K., Negro, A., & Ayata, C. (2013) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2013-0005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The prevalence of neurological disorders in older people in Tanzania
Dewhurst, F., Dewhurst, M. J., Gray, W. K., Aris, E. A., Orega, G. P., Howlett, W. P., Warren, N., & Walker, R. W. (2012) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01709.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Our data support the view that migraine is less common in the elderly than in younger age groups (32).”
ResultLucchetti, G., & Peres, M. F. P. (2011) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01899.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“similar finding has also been reported by previous studies while evaluating world and, specifically, European headache prevalence.(1,2) However, a nationwide Brazilian study carried out in 2009 pointed to a 72.”
ResultPrevalence and comorbidity of migraine headache: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016
Jeyagurunathan, A., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Chua, B. Y., Shafie, S., Chang, S. H. S., James, L., Tan, K. B., Basu, S., Chong, S. A., et al. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01755-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Functioning and disability in migraine
Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., Ajovalasit, D., Bussone, G., & D’Amico, D. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.511687 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“6% in women), and is higher among adult women of all ages: from the second to the fourth decade prevalence increases gradually, peaks in the productive age and declines thereafter [2].”
BackgroundResultAndersen, L. L., Mortensen, O. S., Zebis, M. K., Jensen, R., & Poulsen, O. M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3170 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“In line with the baseline questionnaire replies, epidemiological studies confirm that tension-type headache is the most prevalent type of headache disorder (11).”
Espí‐López, G. V., Gómez‐Conesa, A., Arnal‐Gómez, A., Benítez-Martínez, J. C., Oliva‐Pascual‐Vaca, Á., & Rodríguez‐Blanco, C. (2014) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.01.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“TTH has an enormous socio-economic impact in terms of hospital costs, medication, consultations with specialists, and laboratory tests (Stovner et al., 2006), and it affects patients’ emotional, social and working lives (Holroyd et al.”
BackgroundBotulinum Toxin versus Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Prophylactic Treatment for Migraine
Bruloy, E., Sinna, R., Grolleau, J.-L., Bout-Roumazeilles, A., Bérard, E., & Chaput, B. (2018) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000005111 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Maher, B. H., Lea, R. A., Benton, M. C., Cox, H. C., Bellis, C., Carless, M. A., Dyer, T. D., Curran, J. E., Charlesworth, J., Buring, J. E., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037903 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects an estimated 18% of adult women and 6% of adult men [1,2].”
Interictal and periictal headache in patients with epilepsy
Duchaczek, B. G. W., Ghaeni, L., Matzen, J., & Holtkamp, M. (2012) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12049 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“In Europe, 1-year prevalence rates of 51% for all variants of headache and 14% for migraine have been reported, and lifetime prevalence rates were even higher [16].”
BackgroundGil‐Gouveia, R., Oliveira, A. G., & Martins, I. P. (2011) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102411408359 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The ideal migraine drug must also contemplate non-pain-related symptoms that contribute significantly to disability, so instruments that identify and quantify these symptoms are essential to improve migraine treatment strategies; (2) Migraine-related cognitive symptoms during attacks are real and disabling.”
BackgroundStraube, A. M., Aicher, B., Förderreuther, S., Eggert, T., Köppel, J., Möller, S., Schneider, R., & Haag, G. (2013) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-11 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The reason for that is not clear, especially since the prevalence of migraine was slightly lower in the DMKG study than in comparable studies from other European countries [1,4].”
BackgroundResultFachal, L., Mosquera‐Miguel, A., Pástor, P., Ortega‐Cubero, S., Lorenzo, E., Durán, A. O., Toriello, M., Quintáns, B., Camiña-Tato, M., Sesar, Á., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32276 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches frequently associated with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia that affects approximately 14% of adults, and it is two to three times more frequent in women than men [Stovner et al., 2006].”
BackgroundMigraine is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study
Tjensvoll, A. B., Harboe, E., Gøransson, L. G., Beyer, M. K., Greve, O. J., Herigstad, A., Kvaløy, J. T., & Omdal, R. (2010) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102410372428 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Drug-induced changes in cortical inhibition in medication overuse headache
Currà, A., Coppola, G., Gorini, M., Porretta, E., Bracaglia, M., Lorenzo, C. D., Schoenen, J. E., & Pierelli, F. (2011) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102411415877 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Chronic headache is a disabling health problem that affects 2–5% of the general population and causes considerable long-term morbidity and disability (2).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFarinelli, I., Coloprisco, G., Filippis, S. D., & Martelletti, P. (2006) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-006-0344-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Incidence is higher in women than in men [2].”
BackgroundGenetics of Recurrent Vertigo and Vestibular Disorders
Gázquez, I., & Lopez-Escamez, J. A. (2011) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/138920211797248600 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Migraine is an episodic headache disorder affecting 8% of males and 17% of females [33].”
BackgroundMongini, F., Ciccone, G., Rota, E., Ferrero, L., Ugolini, A., Evangelista, A., Ceccarelli, M., & Galassi, C. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01551.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Serum calcium and risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study
Yin, P., Anttila, V., Siewert, K. M., Palotie, A. V., Smith, G. D., & Voight, B. F. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw416 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“SEðbaÞ 1⁄4 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 X j w(2)j r 2 j uut (2)”
BackgroundRaggi, A., Giovannetti, A. M., Schiavolin, S., Leonardi, M., Bussone, G., Grazzi, L., Usai, S., Curone, M., Fiore, P. D., & D’Amico, D. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0556-9 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Modality and Variability of Synesthetic Experience
Niccolai, V., Jennes, J., Stoerig, P., & van Leeuwen, T. M. (2012) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.125.1.0081 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients attending a UK headache clinic
Lambert, T. D., Morrison, K. E., Edwards, J. A., & Clarke, C. E. (2010) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2010.05.035 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stovner, L. J., Zwart, J. ‐., Hagen, K., Terwindt, G. M., & Pascual, J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Stovner, L. J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 333-345
- ISSN
- 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-1331
- OpenAlex
- W2054569746
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- headache epidemiology, migraine, chronic headache, tension-type headache, prevalence, quality of life, absenteeism, health economics, Europe
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Europe, Headache, Humans, Quality of Life, Prevalence, Cost of Illness
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