The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inner speech impairments in autism
Abstract
Background: Three experiments investigated the role of inner speech deficit in cognitive performances of children with autism. Methods: Experiment 1 compared children with autism with ability‐matched controls on a verbal recall task presenting pictures and words. Experiment 2 used pictures for which the typical names were either single syllable or multisyllable. Two encoding conditions manipulated the use of verbal encoding. Experiment 3 employed a task‐switching paradigm for which performance has been shown to be contingent upon inner speech. Results: In Experiment 1, children with autism demonstrated a lower picture‐superiority effect compared to controls. In Experiment 2, the children with autism showed a lower word‐length effect when pictures were presented alone, but a more substantial word‐length effect in a condition requiring overt labelling. In Experiment 3, articulatory suppression affected the task‐switching performance of the control participants only. Conclusions: Individuals with autism have limitations in their use of inner speech.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a second example, atypical ToM has for a long time been considered a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985), but differences in inner speech in autism have only been studied relatively recently (Whitehouse et al., 2006; Wallace et al., 2009; Holland and Low, 2010).”
From The brain's conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech (2016) · cites this paper as Whitehouse et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, only four studies have investigated task-switching in people with autism and none of them reported performance deficits [40–43].”
From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 5,604
Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 3,635
The MRC Psycholinguistic Database
Coltheart, M. (1981) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748108400805 · Cited by 2,506
Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status.
Paivio, A. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0084295 · Cited by 2,459
Executive dysfunction in autism☆
Hill, E. L. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003 · Cited by 1,468
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_183812 · Cited by 1,218
Working memory and the control of action: Evidence from task switching
Baddeley, A., Chincotta, D., & Adlam, A. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.641 · Cited by 494
Leavitt, V. M., & Weber, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1068-2 · Cited by 416
Neuropsychological Findings in High-Functioning Men with Infantile Autism, Residual State
Rumsey, J. M., & Hamburger, S. D. (1988) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688638808408236 · Cited by 359
The role of inner speech in task switching: A dual-task investigation
Emerson, M. J., & Miyake, A. (2003) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/s0749-596x(02)00511-9 · Cited by 348
Phonological Working Memory and Speech Production in Preschool Children
Adams, A.-M., & Gathercole, S. E. (1995) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3802.403 · Cited by 347
Miyake, A., Emerson, M. J., Padilla, F., & Ahn, J.-C. (2004) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.004 · Cited by 317
The role of verbal output time in the effects of word length on immediate memory*1
Cowan, N. (1992) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(92)90002-f · Cited by 265
Arithmetic operation and working memory: differential suppression in dual tasks
Lee, K., & Kang, S.-Y. (2002) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00010-0 · Cited by 256
(2002) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203194157 · Cited by 254
Working Memory in Children with Autism and with Moderate Learning Difficulties
Russell, J., Jarrold, C., & Henry, L. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01459.x · Cited by 250
Is problem solving dependent on language?
BALDO, J., DRONKERS, N., WILKINS, D., LUDY, C., RASKIN, P., & KIM, J. (2005) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.06.103 · Cited by 236
Winsler, A., & Naglieri, J. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00561 · Cited by 235
Working Memory and Children's Mental Addition
Adams, J. W., & Hitch, G. J. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1006/jecp.1997.2397 · Cited by 188
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.
Naglieri, J. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10521-023 · Cited by 165
Do high functioning persons with autism present superior spatial abilities?
Caron, M. L. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.015 · Cited by 159
Russell, J., Jarrold, C., & Hood, B. M. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1023084425406 · Cited by 157
McBride, D. M., & Dosher, B. A. (2002) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00007-7 · Cited by 147
Development of rehearsal in short‐term memory: Differences between pictorial and spoken stimuli
Hitch, G. J., Halliday, M. S., Dodd, A., & Littler, J. E. (1989) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1989.tb00811.x · Cited by 137
The Collected Works of L.S. Vygotsky
Rieber, R. W., & Carton, A. S. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2806-7 · Cited by 129
The development of the picture‐superiority effect
Whitehouse, A., Maybery, M. T., & Durkin, K. (2006) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151005x74153 · Cited by 107
Self-citationAbolishing the Word-Length Effect.
Hulme, C., Surprenant, A. M., Bireta, T. J., Stuart, G. P., & Neath, I. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.98 · Cited by 77
Cowan, N., Baddeley, A., Elliott, E. M., & Norris, J. (2003) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196469 · Cited by 63
Edwards, V. T., & Hogben, J. H. (1999) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049539908255333 · Cited by 40
An attempt to discriminate different types of executive functions in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Cinan, S., & Tanör, Ö. Ö. (2002) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210143000399 · Cited by 29
The word length effect in children with language impairment
Balthazar, C. (2003) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0021-9924(03)00033-9 · Cited by 16
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Baddeley A.D., 1986, Working memory
- Hitch G., 1987, Cognitive processes in mathematics. Keele cognition seminars, 26
- Levelt W.J.M., 1989, Speaking, 10.7551/mitpress/6393.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/11193-000 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology
Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000021 · Cited by 864
“Whitehouse, Maybery, and Durkin (2006) conducted the first study directly examining inner speech in ASD.”
BackgroundPsychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain
Crespi, B. J., & Badcock, C. R. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08004214 · Cited by 635
The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism
Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B., & Solomon, M. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.006 · Cited by 538
Sentence comprehension in autism: thinking in pictures with decreased functional connectivity
Kana, R. K. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl164 · Cited by 530
Koshino, H., Kana, R. K., Keller, T. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Minshew, N. J., & Just, M. A. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm054 · Cited by 436
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitehouse, A. J. O., Maybery, M. T., & Durkin, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Whitehouse, Andrew J.O.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-04-26
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 857-865
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W1652226287
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- inner speech, autism spectrum disorder, verbal working memory, picture superiority effect, word length effect, verbal encoding, task switching, articulatory suppression, children with autism
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Autistic Disorder, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Intelligence Tests, Internal-External Control, Language Development Disorders, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Problem Solving, Mental Recall, Reference Values, Semantics, Speech Disorders, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
