Exercising attention within the classroom

HILL, LIAM; WILLIAMS, JUSTIN H G; AUCOTT, LORNA; MILNE, JUNE; THOMSON, JENNY; GREIG, JESSIE; MUNRO, VAL; MON‐WILLIAMS, MARK

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03661.x

Cited by 70Physical Activity and HealthChildren's Physical and Motor DevelopmentSchool Health and Nursing Education

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Exercising attention within the classroom

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HILL, LIAM, WILLIAMS, JUSTIN H G, AUCOTT, LORNA, MILNE, JUNE, THOMSON, JENNY, GREIG, JESSIE, MUNRO, VAL, MON‐WILLIAMS, MARK·2010·Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03661.x

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Abstract

Aim To investigate whether increased physical exercise during the school day influenced subsequent cognitive performance in the classroom. Method A randomized, crossover‐design trial (two weeks in duration) was conducted in six mainstream primary schools (1224 children aged 8–11y). No data on sex was available. Children received a teacher‐directed, classroom‐based programme of physical exercise, delivered approximately 30 minutes after lunch for 15 minutes during one week and no exercise programme during the other (order counterbalanced across participants). At the end of each school day, they completed one of five psychometric tests (paced serial addition, size ordering, listening span, digit‐span backwards, and digit‐symbol encoding), so that each test was delivered once after exercise and once after no exercise. Results General linear modelling analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between intervention and counterbalance group (p<0.001), showing that exercise benefitted cognitive performance. Post‐hoc analysis revealed that benefits occurred in participants who received the exercise intervention in the second but not the first week of the experiment and were also moderated by type of test and age group. Interpretation Physical exercise benefits cognitive performance within the classroom. The degree of benefit depends on the context of testing and participants’ characteristics. This has implications for the role that is attributed to physical exercise within the school curriculum.

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The effects largely depend on different moderators, such as outcome measure, duration or effects were only found in a subgroup.
“The effects largely depend on different moderators, such as outcome measure, 40,41,45,49 duration 46 or effects were only found in a subgroup.39,41,44”
From Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [44]

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Authors: HILL, L., WILLIAMS, J. H. G., AUCOTT, L., MILNE, J., THOMSON, J., GREIG, J., MUNRO, V., & MON‐WILLIAMS, M.
Affiliations: University of Aberdeen (GB)
Aberdeen City Council (GB)
Corresponding author: HILL, LIAM
ORCID: HILL, LIAM
WILLIAMS, JUSTIN H G
AUCOTT, LORNA
Venue: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-09-06
Volume: 52
Issue: 10
Pages: 929-934
ISSN: 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
1469-8749
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03661.x
OpenAlex: W1597484051
Cited by: 70
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Action Medical Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords: physical activity, cognitive performance, attention, elementary school students, school lunch break, psychometric tests, listening span, age differences, exercise and cognition
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Attention, Child, Cognition, Humans, Psychometrics, Schools, Students, Exercise, Cross-Over Studies

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