Exercise: Applications to Childhood ADHD
Abstract
ADHD is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, presenting with pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination. The leading hypothesis of the underlying physiology of this disorder of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity is based on catecholamine dysfunction. Pharmacotherapy research indicates that psychostimulants, which are catecholamine agonists, show the greatest efficacy for treating the core symptoms of ADHD. Exercise affects the same dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems that stimulant medications target and is a stressor, which elicits measurable physiological changes. The magnitude of these peripheral alterations is posited as a potential biomarker of ADHD. The hypothesis that exercise training alters the underlying physiology present in ADHD and other medical conditions as well as conceptual issues behind its potential clinical utility is reviewed.
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The present meta-analysis partially supports the hypothesis that exercise may be essential in compensating for the executive function deficits, especially inhibitory control, observed in individuals with ASD and/or ADHD.
“Overall, the present meta-analysis partially supports the hypothesis that exercise may be essential in compensating for the EF deficits, especially inhibitory control observed in this clinical population (Wigal et al. 2013).”
From A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD (2016) · cites this paper as Wigal et al. 2013
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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“…apart from exercise-induced improvement in aspects of EF, which is likely to be related to neurobiological pathways such as catecholamine (see e.g., Wigal et al. 2013), neurotrophic and growth factors (see e.g., Ratey and Loehr 2011); indirect pathways including elevated self- efficacy, mood, and…”
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- Authors
- Wigal, S. B., Emmerson, N., Gehricke, J.-G., & Galassetti, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- ORCID
- Gehricke, Jean-G.
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-08-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 279-290
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2102393982
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, exercise training, dopaminergic system, noradrenergic system, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, stress response, biomarkers, neurobehavioral disorders
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise
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