Motivators and barriers to exercise among adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes – a qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 62–69 Motivators and barriers to exercise among adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes – a qualitative study Purpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented through lifestyle changes. Regular exercise for more than 4 hours per week, combined with weight loss and changes in dietary habits reduces the incidence of T2D. The aim of this study was to describe motivators and barriers to exercise among adults with a high risk of T2D. Methods: Altogether, 74 subjects participated in a study on the Effectiveness and Feasibility of Activating Counseling Methods and Videoconferences in Dietary Group Counseling of Subjects with high risk of T2D. The qualitative data were gathered from video‐recorded group counselling sessions and were analysed using content analysis. Results: Enjoyment from exercise, social relationships related to exercise, encouragement from others, benefits to health, and the aim of weight control motivated subjects to exercise. The wish to join people with an active lifestyle, admiration of active friends and willingness to serve as an example for children reflected why exercise was an important value in life. The barriers to exercise were weather/season, health problems, lack of time, work‐related factors and lack of interest. Conclusions: Adults with high risk of T2D experienced many individually meaningful motivators. They experienced few barriers to exercise and highlighted the motivators. Thus, we present that they had a positive attitude towards increasing exercise during participation to counselling. The results can be used when developing counselling methods because they provide concrete content for counselling discussion such as importance of work‐related factors, family exercise, time management skills and social support for regular exercise.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The built environment, including infrastructure, access to active spaces, healthy food and cost, were common barriers across interventions.
“The built environment, including infrastructure, access to active spaces, healthy food and cost were common barriers across interventions [27, 31, 37, 40, 41, 44, 45, 57, 58, 61].”
From Barriers and facilitators to diet, physical activity and lifestyle behavior intervention adherence: a qualitative systematic review of the literature (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results list weather, health problems, work-related factors and lack of interest as barriers among adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Table 1 instead lists facilities in participants’ residential environments as a motivator. This study does not present infrastructure, access to active spaces, healthy food or cost as common barriers across interventions. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGoal setting and self-monitoring have shown promise as facilitators of intervention adherence.
“Goal setting [93–95] or self-monitoring [96–98] may be examples of effective BCT to help personalize interventions while prompting self-regulation [93–95, 99], as these BCTs have shown promise as facilitators of intervention adherence [27, 30, 32, 37, 39, 41–43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 56–58, 61, 96].”
From Barriers and facilitators to diet, physical activity and lifestyle behavior intervention adherence: a qualitative systematic review of the literature (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results and Discussion (page not available) describe exercise diaries and pedometers as motivators for exercise, and the Discussion says pedometers can help people set exercise goals. The paper does not establish that goal setting or self-monitoring improves adherence to an intervention; its evidence concerns motivation and exercise among adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
The qualitative content analysis process
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x · Cited by 22,617 · see citing works
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001 · Cited by 20,772 · see citing works
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Self-citationTaheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health: A Systematic Review
Bravata, D. M., Smith-Spangler, C., Sundaram, V., Gienger, A. L., Lin, N., Lewis, R., Stave, C. D., Olkin, I., & Sirard, J. R. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.19.2296 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Whelton, S. P., Chin, A., Xin, X., & He, J. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006 · Cited by 1,970 · see citing works
Lindström, J., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.725 · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.01.002 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Allender, S., Cowburn, G., & Foster, C. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl063 · Cited by 1,215 · see citing works
Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults
SCHUTZER, K. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.003 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Inadequate Sleep as a Risk Factor for Obesity: Analyses of the NHANES I
Gangwisch, J. E., Malaspina, D., Boden-Albala, B., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.10.1289 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review
Curioni, C. C., & Lourenço, P. M. C. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803015 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Physical Activity in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Laaksonen, D. E., Lindström, J., Lakka, T. A., Eriksson, J. G., Niskanen, L., Wikström, K., Aunola, S., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Valle, T. T., et al. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.1.158 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Wing, R. R., Goldstein, M. G., Acton, K. J., Birch, L. L., Jakicic, J. M., Sallis, J. F., West, D. S., Jeffery, R. W., & Surwit, R. S. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.1.117 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Parents??? Activity-Related Parenting Practices Predict Girls??? Physical Activity
Davison, K. K., Cutting, T. M., & Birch, L. L. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000084524.19408.0c · Cited by 436 · see citing works
A birth of inactivity? A review of physical activity and parenthood
Bellows-Riecken, K., & Rhodes, R. E. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.003 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Lawton, J., Ahmad, N., Hanna, L., Douglas, M. J., & Hallowell, N. (2005) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyh042 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Yamanouchi, K., Shinozaki, T., Chikada, K., Nishikawa, T., Ito, K., Shimizu, S., Ozawa, N., Suzuki, Y., Maeno, H., Kato, K., et al. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.6.775 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Barriers to physical activity in patients with diabetes
Thomas, N., Alder, E. M., & Leese, G. (2004) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.010553 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Goal-setting for behavior change in primary care: An exploration and status report
Bodenheimer, T., & Handley, M. A. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.06.001 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Sindre, G. M. (2017) · PCD Journal · doi:10.22146/pcd.25766 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Understanding What MOTIVATES Older Adults to Exercise
Resnick, B. M., & Spellbring, A. M. (2000) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-20000301-08 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Physical Activity Determinants in Adults
Stutts, W. C. (2002) · AAOHN Journal · doi:10.1177/216507990205001106 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Attitude toward physical activity in normal-weight, overweight and obese adolescents
Deforche, B. I., Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. D., & Tanghe, A. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.01.015 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Exercise Motivation, Eating, and Body Image Variables as Predictors of Weight Control
TEIXEIRA, P. J., GOING, S. B., HOUTKOOPER, L. B., CUSSLER, E. C., METCALFE, L. L., BLEW, R. M., SARDINHA, L. B., & LOHMAN, T. G. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000180906.10445.8d · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Increasing daily walking improves glucose tolerance in overweight women
Swartz, A. M., Strath, S. J., Bassett, D. R., Moore, J. B., Redwine, B. A., Groër, M., & Thompson, D. L. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00144-0 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Mediators of physical activity behavior change among women with young children
Miller, Y. D., Trost, S. G., & Brown, W. J. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00484-1 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Cultural factors and patients' adherence to lifestyle measures.
Serour, M., Alqhenaei, H., Al-Saqabi, S., Mustafa, A.-R., & Ben-Nakhi, A. (2007) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Buckworth, J., Lee, R. E., Regan, G. R., Schneider, L., & DiClemente, C. C. (2006) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.007 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Maintaining Activity Engagement: Individual Differences in the Process of Self‐Regulating Motivation
Sansone, C., & Thoman, D. B. (2006) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00425.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Carels, R. A., Darby, L. A., Rydin, S., Douglass, O. M., Cacciapaglia, H. M., & O'Brien, W. H. (2005) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3003_2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Understanding Exercise Beliefs and Behaviors in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Downs, D. S., & Ulbrecht, J. S. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1262 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Shultz, J. A., Sprague, M. A., Branen, L., & Lambeth, S. (2001) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/108107301750254457 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9102-y · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Dutton, G. R., Johnson, J. L., Whitehead, D., Bodenlos, J. S., & Brantley, P. J. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1209 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Weight Management Across the Lifespan
Goldberg, J. H., & King, A. C. (2007) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144105 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Jenum, A. K., Anderssen, S. A., Birkeland, K. I., Holme, I., Graff‐Iversen, S., Lorentzen, C., Ommundsen, Y., Raastad, T., Ødegaard, A. K., & Bahr, R. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-1587 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Exercise Preferences and Barriers in Urban African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Wanko, N. S., Brazier, C. W., Young-Rogers, D., Dunbar, V. G., Boyd, B., George, C. D., Rhee, M. K., El‐Kebbi, I. M., & Cook, C. B. (2004) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572170403000322 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Physically active elderly women sleep more and better than sedentary women
Guimarães, L. H. D. C. T., de Carvalho, L. B. C., Yanaguibashi, G., & do Prado, G. F. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.06.009 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Attitudes and Beliefs About Exercise Among Persons With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Swift, C. S., Armstrong, J. E., Beerman, K., Campbell, R. K., & Pond-Smith, D. (1995) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179502100607 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Experiences of Women in a Minimal Contact Pedometer-Based Intervention: A Qualitative Study
Heesch, K. C., Dinger, M. K., McClary, K. R., & Rice, K. R. (2005) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v41n02_07 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ferrand, C., Perrin, C., & Nasarre, S. (2008) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00773.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
An investigation of obese adults’ views of the outcomes of dietary treatment
Jones, N., Furlanetto, D. L. C., Jackson, J. A., & Kinn, S. (2007) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2007.00810.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
White, K. M., Terry, D. J., Troup, C., & Rempel, L. A. (2007) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500601089932 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Identifying supports and barriers to physical activity in patients at risk for diabetes.
Donahue, K. E., Mielenz, T. J., Sloane, P. D., Callahan, L. F., & DeVellis, R. F. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Incentives for lifestyle changes in patients with coronary heart disease
Kärner, A., Tingström, P., Abrandt-Dahlgren, M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03467.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Participant Experiences in a Workplace Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Program
Lauzon, N., Chan, C. B., Myers, A. M., & Tudor-Locke, C. E. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.5.675 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Insights From Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Making Dietary and Exercise Changes
Dye, C. J., Haley‐Zitlin, V., & Willoughby, D. F. (2003) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572170302900116 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Jallinoja, P. T., Pajari, P., & Absetz, P. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00551.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Significance of fellow patients for patients with myocardial infarction
Isaksen, A. S., & Gjengedal, E. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00421.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Survey of exercise and dietary knowledge and behaviour in persons with type II diabetes.
Searle, M. S., & Ready, A. E. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Barriers to and expectations of performing physical activity in female subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Rooijen, A. J. V., Rheeder, P., Eales, C. J., & Molatoli, H. M. (2002) · South African Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.4102/sajp.v58i1.481 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [15]15. Wing RR, Goldstein MG, Acton KJ, Birch LL, Jkicic JM, Sallis JE, Smith-West D, Jeffery RW, Surwit RS. Review: behavioral science research in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 117-22.
- [22]22. Mier N, Medina AA, Ory MG. Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes: perceptives on definitions, motivators, and programs of physical activity. Prev Chronic Dis 2007; 4: 1-8.
- [38]38. Korkiakangas E, Luoma P, Alahuhta M, Taanila A, Laitinen J. QSR NVivo software for qualitative analysis as a tool for inductive content analysis. Hoitotiede 2009; 21: 216-26 (Finnish, abstract in English).
- [46]46. Korkiakangas E, Alahuhta M, Husman P, Keina ¨nen-Kiuka- anniemi S, Taanila A, Laitinen J. Pedometer use among adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes, Finland, 2007- 2008: a qualitative study. Prev Chronic Dis 2009; In press.
- [53]53. Davison KK, Cutting TM, Birch LL. Parent's activity -related parenting practices predict girl's physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1589-95.
- [57]57. Ó 2010 The Authors Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences Ó 2010 Nordic College of Caring Science
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deslippe, A. L., Soanes, A., Bouchaud, C. C., Beckenstein, H., Slim, M., Plourde, H., & Cohen, T. R. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01424-2 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
“This included ‘feedback and monitoring’ through self-monitoring [29, 30, 32, 35, 39, 41, 42, 45, 49, 53, 57, 58] (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialSebire, S. J., Toumpakari, Z., Turner, K. M., Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Malpass, A., & Andrews, R. C. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5114-5 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Nieuwoudt, S., Fealy, C. E., Foucher, J. A., Scelsi, A. R., Malin, S. K., Pagadala, M., Rocco, M., Burguera, B., & Kirwan, J. P. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00407.2016 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The use of periodization in exercise prescriptions for inactive adults: A systematic review
Strohacker, K., Fazzino, D., Breslin, W. L., & Xu, X. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.023 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Positive Psychological Characteristics in Diabetes: A Review
Celano, C. M., Beale, E. E., Moore, S. V., Wexler, D. J., & Huffman, J. C. (2013) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0430-8 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Barriers and enablers to make lifestyle changes among type 2 diabetes patients a review
Mohamed Nor, N., Mohd Shukri, N. A., Mohd Yassin, N. Q. A., Sidek, S., & Azahari, N. (2019) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-18 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Barriers to Performing Stretching Exercises Among Korean‐Chinese Female Migrant Workers in Korea
Lee, H., Wilbur, J., Chae, D., Lee, K., & Lee, M. (2015) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12105 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Korkiakangas, E. E., Alahuhta, M. A., Husman, P. M., Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, S., Taanila, A. M., & Laitinen, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FI)
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-15
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-69
- ISSN
- 0283-9318 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-6712
- OpenAlex
- W1757617847
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes prevention, exercise motivation, barriers to exercise, high-risk adults, group counseling, videoconferencing, social support, work-related factors, time management, family exercise, weight management
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Risk Factors, Exercise, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
