The DOI matches its Crossref record; 305 of the 309 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 153 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION
Open accessAbstract
Abstract: Scale and hierarchy must be incorporated into any conceptual framework for the study of macroevolution, i.e. evolution above the species level. Expansion of temporal and spatial scales reveals evolutionary patterns and processes that are virtually inaccessible to, and unpredictable from, short‐term, localized observations. These larger‐scale phenomena range from evolutionary stasis at the species level and the mosaic assembly of complex morphologies in ancestral forms to the non‐random distribution in time and space of the origin of major evolutionary novelties, as exemplified by the Cambrian explosion and post‐extinction recoveries of metazoans, and the preferential origin of major marine groups in onshore environments and tropical waters. Virtually all of these phenomena probably involve both ecological and developmental factors, but the integration of these components with macroevolutionary theory has only just begun. Differential survival and reproduction of units can occur at several levels within a biological hierarchy that includes DNA sequences, organisms, species and clades. Evolution by natural selection can occur at any level where there is heritable variation that affects birth and death of units by virtue of interaction with the environment. This dynamic can occur when selfish DNA sequences replicate disproportionately within genomes, when organisms enjoy fitness advantages within populations (classical Darwinian selection), when differential speciation or extinction occurs within clades owing to organismic properties (effect macroevolution), and when differential speciation or extinction occurs within clades owing to emergent, species‐level properties (in the strict sense species selection). Operationally, emergent species‐level properties such as geographical range can be recognized by testing whether their macroevolutionary effects are similar regardless of the different lower‐level factors that produce them. Large‐scale evolutionary trends can be driven by transformation of species, preferential production of species in a given direction, differential origination or extinction, or any combination of these; the potential for organismic traits to hitch‐hike on other factors that promote speciation or damp extinction is high. Additional key attributes of macroevolutionary dynamics within biological hierarchies are that (1) hierarchical levels are linked by upward and downward causation, so that emergent properties at a focal level do not impart complete independence; (2) hierarchical effects are asymmetrical, so that dynamics at a given focal level need not propagate upwards, but will always cascade downwards; and (3) rates are generally, although not always, faster at lower hierarchical levels. Temporal and spatial patterns in the origin of major novelties and higher taxa are significantly discordant from those at the species and genus levels, suggesting complex hierarchical effects that remain poorly understood. Not only are many of the features promoting survivorship during background times ineffective during mass extinctions, but also they are replaced in at least some cases by higher‐level, irreducible attributes such as clade‐level geographical range. The incorporation of processes that operate across hierarchical levels and a range of temporal and spatial scales has expanded and enriched our understanding of evolution.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
77 Not checked yet · 44 Own interpretation · 19 No basis given · 5 Own result
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Empirical extrapolation appears to break down, for example, in the mismatch between the demonstrated potential of most populations for rapid net change and the prevalence of net morphological stasis in many lineages over long time-scales.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > SCALE AND HIERARCHY
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“geographical ranges are heritable among species within developmental types for Late Cretaceous molluscs”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Hunt 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“First, the relation between geographical range and molluscan species duration is significant even within developmental categories”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Hunt 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When the observational scale is expanded to the myr timescale, speciation rate per species per myr (Lm.y) is inversely related to median geographical range of constituent species (from Jablonski and Roy 2003).”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Roy 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“significant inverse relation between geographical range (as measured by number of biographic provinces occupied) and extinction intensity in marine bivalves for the end-Cretaceous extinction (after Jablonski and Raup 1995).”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Raup 1995
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for marine bivalve genera, extinction intensities are indistinguishable among Late Cretaceous biogeographical provinces, indicating that province-scale refugia cannot explain the preferential survival of widespread genera.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two slopes do not differ significantly and are shown for comparative purposes; Spearman rank correlation 0Æ72 and 0Æ73, respectively (both P < 0Æ0001”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fossil record shows strong temporal and spatial patterns that violate expectations derived by simply scaling up simple random-mutation models to the origin of major groups or new body plans”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > ORIGIN OF NOVELTIES
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“geographical range and geological duration are positively related for gastropod species within both planktotrophic (circles, slightly shallower regression line, n ¼ 55) and non-planktotrophic (crosses, slightly steeper regression line, n ¼ 51) modes of development.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Such evolutionary bursts in disparity relative to taxonomic diversification occur in early Palaeozoic invertebrates”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > ORIGIN OF NOVELTIES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Foote 1997
- Not checked yetcites Thomas et al. 2000
- Not checked yetcites Valentine 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
- Probably not a substantial claim. 27
In the paper
“Palaeontological data, however, can test per-taxon speciation rates against maximum geographical ranges of species within lineages, circumventing this problem and showing a highly significant inverse relation between geographical range and speciation rate, at least in marine gastropods”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Roy 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All possible combinations of evolutionary tempo and mode have been recorded from the fossil record.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The fossil record is adequate to document the full range of combinations of evolutionary tempo and mode.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the number of species varies by several orders of magnitude among those groups, and not all of them are still with us.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the net macroevolutionary trend towards size increase in the Eocene mammal Hyopsodus emerges from an underlying dynamic containing three gradual size increases, one punctuational size increase, one period of size stasis and three gradual size decreases, i.e. gradualistic change was random with respect to the macroevolutionary outcome”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bookstein et al. 1978
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Larval mode does improve the fit relative to the simplest model, but the model using geographical range as the predictor performs much better, and there is only a slight, non-significant increase in log-likelihood when adding larval mode as a second predictor”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It gives abundant evidence for the spatial volatility of species distributions, with the individualistic behaviour of most species through the Pleistocene and Holocene generating transient associations that lack precise equivalents on the modern landscape”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bennett 1997
- Not checked yetcites Jackson and Overpeck 2000
- Not checked yetcites Davis and Shaw 2001
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, some authors have argued (convincingly, in my view) that the logic of natural selection and other evolutionary forces need not reside exclusively at the organismic level: differential success of heritable variation owing to interaction with the environment, the Darwinian dynamic, also occurs at higher and lower levels.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > SCALE AND HIERARCHY
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses restricted to a single time plane can be powerful, but can also be misleading or yield multiple alternatives because almost always they must deal with net diversification rates rather than the fundamental dynamic variables of raw speciation and extinction rates.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Virtually all of these phenomena probably involve both ecological and developmental factors, but the integration of these components with macroevolutionary theory has only just begun.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scale and hierarchy must be incorporated into any conceptual framework for the study of macroevolution, i.e. evolution above the species level.”
- Also stated in: § SCALE AND HIERARCHY · plain
“Scale and hierarchy are essential components of the conceptual framework for macroevolutionary analysis.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Also stated in: § SCALE AND HIERARCHY · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hierarchical effects are asymmetrical, so that dynamics at a given focal level need not propagate upwards, but will always cascade downwards;”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not only are many of the features promoting survivorship during background times ineffective during mass extinctions, but also they are replaced in at least some cases by higher-level, irreducible attributes such as clade-level geographical range.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“rates are generally, although not always, faster at lower hierarchical levels.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“whereas present-day populations show great responsiveness to directional selection over the short run, palaeontological observations on many species show a tendency to net stasis and fairly stable boundaries to phenotypic change through time”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jackson and Cheetham 1999
- Not checked yetcites Gould 2002
- Not checked yetcites Eldredge et al. 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, palaeontological data can both provide the necessary empirical foundation for some clades, and test the power and accuracy of inferential methods with independent estimates of ancestral traits”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Polly 2001
- Not checked yetcites Webster and Purvis 2002a, b
- Not checked yetcites Finarelli and Flynn 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Operationally, emergent species-level properties such as geographical range can be recognized by testing whether their macroevolutionary effects are similar regardless of the different lower-level factors that produce them.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Inferences on these character states are highly model-dependent and are generally saddled with wide confidence intervals”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cunningham et al. 1998
- Not checked yetcites Martins 2000
- Not checked yetcites Pagel et al. 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the 'living fossil' members of the ancient molluscan class Monoplacophora, which are limpet-like forms that are apparently the outgroup to the rest of the living conchiferans (bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, cephalopods), were often used to infer character states at the start of the great molluscan radiations but are now understood to be highly derived”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Large-scale evolutionary trends can be driven by transformation of species, preferential production of species in a given direction, differential origination or extinction, or any combination of these;”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Molecular phylogenetic methods provide an independent (though hardly infallible) basis for inferring evolutionary tree topologies but are largely uninformative about the phenotypes residing at key nodes”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Erwin et al. 1997
- Not checked yetcites Erwin and Davidson 2002
- Not checked yetcites Valentine 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Temporal and spatial patterns in the origin of major novelties and higher taxa are significantly discordant from those at the species and genus levels, suggesting complex hierarchical effects that remain poorly understood.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Comparative developmental analysis can shed light on evolutionary transformations, but the rampant co-option of regulatory genes can make inferences about nodal forms extremely difficult,”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Valentine et al. 1999
- Not checked yetcites Erwin and Davidson 2002
- Not checked yetcites Valentine 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, there is differential speciation or extinction (i.e.differential survival and reproduction of species within clades) by virtue of the interaction of the emergent properties of species (such as geographical range or genetic population structure) with the biotic and physical environment.This is species selection in the strict sense.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“This approach, which is similar to Brandon's (1990) application of the statistical concept of 'screening-off', has often been tacitly applied at the organismic level.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brandon 1990
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The apparent temporal coherence in these assemblages could just as readily be a passive consequence of sampling artefacts, overlapping tolerances and rates of displacement,”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One relatively straightforward operational approach to identifying emergent properties is to treat a feature as emergent at a given level if its evolutionary consequences do not depend on how the feature is generated at lower levels”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski 2000
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski and Hunt 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“For example, mean body size or pelt coloration may validly characterize species but are essentially statistical statements about organisms within the species; these have been termed aggregate properties to distinguish them from emergent ones”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vrba and Eldredge 1984
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The cohesion or discreteness of the interactor need not be absolute; indeed, such a requirement would exclude even organisms, the paradigmatic interactors: interactors thus reside at many levels in the biological hierarchy”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hull 1980
- Not checked yetcites Hull 2001
- Not checked yetcites Eldredge 1985
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the biota is proving in many cases to be more dynamic than the earth beneath it.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Spatial scale
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Evolution thus involves both replication (reproduction of 'individuals' with heritability) and interaction (fitness differentials among 'individuals'), and many authors have argued that the interplay of those two processes can shape lineages at any hierarchical level”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wright 1959
- Not checked yetcites Lewontin 1970
- Not checked yetcites Hull 1980
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Second, there is differential extinction or speciation (i.e.differential survival and reproduction of species within clades) by virtue of the interaction of the phenotypes of bodies with the biotic and physical environment.This is effect macroevolution as defined by Vrba (1980;Vrba and Gould 1986).”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vrba 1980
- Not checked yetcites Vrba and Gould 1986
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most famous of these is the extraordinary frequency of net evolutionary stasis through the history of morphospecies despite the short-term malleability of most populations.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Temporal scale
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lewontin's (1970) classic prescription for evolution by natural selection requires heritable variation in traits that influence fitness of units at a given level.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lewontin 1970
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For the purposes of this discussion, consider three evolutionary processes that can occur simultaneously.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vrba 1980
- Not checked yetcites Vrba and Gould 1986
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The second and third processes are often grouped into broad-sense species selection, with the key criteria being emergent fitness at the species level, i.e. differential birth and death (replication) rather than emergent properties (interaction) at the species level”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stanley 1979
- Not checked yetcites Gould 2002
- Not checked yetcites Grantham 1995
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thus, the mechanism of replication is less important than the descriptive, essentially statistical issue of heritability (Mayr 1982;Wagner 1988Wagner , 1990)), which can also be addressed at any hierarchical level.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > HIERARCHY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mayr 1982
- Not checked yetcites Wagner 1988
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“such dispersal events, and presumably regional extinctions, are probabilistic and not truly random”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Spatial scale
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cook and Crisp 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“dynamics at the species level can determine the persistence and number of genealogical units bearing wings within and among clades, and even the long-term persistence of such a trait”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the biased replication of selfish genetic elements with each cell cycle is rapid relative to the generation times of most metazoan organisms, which in turn are brief relative to the speciation rates of most metazoan clades”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gregory and Mable 2005
- Not checked yetcites Masterson 1994
- Not checked yetcites Tate et al. 2005
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the number of replicating units decreases going up the hierarchy so that chance effects may become more important”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stanley 1979
- Not checked yetcites Levinton et al. 1986
- Not checked yetcites Levinton 2001
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such long-term changes can arise via a wide range of mechanisms, and that different dynamics can operate simultaneously, in opposition or in concert, at different levels”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In contrast to body size, geographical range is widely regarded as an emergent property at the species level, inversely related to both extinction and speciation rates”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski 1987
- Not checked yetcites Brown 1995
- Not checked yetcites Grantham 1995
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the propagation of effects is asymmetrical: dynamics at lower levels need not impinge on higher levels but dynamics at higher levels must always propagate downwards”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Emergence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salthe 1985 source
- Not checked yetcites Valentine and May 1996
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a trend may be underlain by transformation of its constituent species, by preferential origination of new species, by random speciation followed by differential survival or proliferation in the direction of the trend, or by any combination of these very different processes”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In extreme cases, taxa can weather a mass extinction only to disappear a few million years later, or fall into marginal roles.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More puzzling are the clades that survive mass extinctions but fail to participate in the evolutionary recovery.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most clades probably experience more complex pressures, and those may change over geological time-scales”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“as in Patzkowsk's (1995) finding that bivalves and mammals produce more new genera relative to estimated speciation rates during postextinction recoveries than expected from 'normal' times.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patzkowsk's (1995)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“every new clade of high rank must begin with a new species, but when and where those clade-founding species occur evidently depends strongly on ecological context”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > ORIGIN OF NOVELTIES
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such approaches have been little explored and will face difficulties pinpointing the focal level of selection, but are likely to produce novel insights”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“When within-species anagenetic changes are significant, they can be reinforced by higher-level processes, or they may be unrelated to, or even counter to, the overall trend”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historical context and the biological raw material available to a clade must be important to many aspects of macroevolution, and I have barely touched upon those aspects here.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“macroevolutionary principles reviewed here in no way invalidate the operation of the traditional neodarwinian mechanisms, but they expand evolutionary theory to a richer and more realistic picture of processes across a range of temporal and spatial scales and across hierarchical levels.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recoveries need not involve an across-the-board expansion of a surviving clade in morphospace, but can instead involve only subregions of the occupied morphospace or be channelled in just one or a few directions”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dommergues et al. 1996
- Not checked yetcites Lockwood 2004
- Not checked yetcites McGowan 2004a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is worth keeping in mind that if mass-extinction survivorship is simply indifferent, rather than truly antithetical, to many of the factors that promote success during the normal times that constitute the vast bulk of geological time, then some 'preadaptation' to mass extinction drivers should occur by chance (see discussion by Jablonski 2005a).”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jablonski 2005a
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as survivors of mass extinctions can be difficult to predict from pre-extinction successes, long-term post-extinction successes are difficult to predict from the survivors of mass extinctions.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Presumably, as with any large-scale biotic upheaval, the post-extinction trajectories of clades depend upon the interaction of intrinsic diversification rates (as set by organismic and higher-level traits), biotic interactions and physical environmental factors, along with stochastic effects.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recovery dynamics are poorly understood, in part because they have received so little attention from a comparative standpoint.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > J A B L O N S K I : S C A L E A N D H I E R A R C H Y 9 9
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Much of the comparative biology literature is an attempt to grapple with this possibility, phrased in terms of phylogenetic effects, but it has rarely been tested palaeontologically (but seeWagner 1996).”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wagner 1996
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The origins of major novelties and higher taxa need to be evaluated in terms of both scale and hierarchy”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > ORIGIN OF NOVELTIES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
The fossil record is adequate to document the full range of combinations of evolutionary tempo and mode.
“All possible combinations of evolutionary tempo and mode have been recorded from the fossil record.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Thus, the expectation of morphological novelty differs depending on the specific drivers of an individual adaptive radiation [74–80].”
From Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life (2015) · cites this paper as [80]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > Trends
“Damuth and Heisler 1988;Arnold and Fristrup 1992;Okasha 2004;Rice 2004”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > References
“A R N O L D , A. J. and F R I S T R U P , K. 1982. The theory of evo- lution by natural selection: a hierarchical expansion.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > References
“Macroevolutionary trends: perception depends on the measure used. 348-385.”
§ SCALE AND HIERARCHY IN MACROEVOLUTION > References
“Evolutionary patterns: growth, form, and tempo in the fossil record. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 344 pp.”
Citations
Cites
The genetical theory of natural selection
Fisher, R. A. (1930) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27468 · Cited by 17,617
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,087
Developmental Plasticity and Evolution
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195122343.001.0001 · Cited by 6,115
The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography
Jetschke, G., & Hubbell, S. P. (2002) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/3071998 · Cited by 5,699
The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
Schluter, D. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198505235.001.0001 · Cited by 4,974
Species diversity in space and time
Rosenzweig, M. L. (1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2720 · Cited by 4,581
Species Diversity in Space and Time
Rosenzweig, M. L. (1995) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623387 · Cited by 3,690
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
Gould, S. J. (2002) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674417922 · Cited by 3,176
The structure of evolutionary theory
Gould, S. J. (2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-6411 · Cited by 2,764
Phylogenetic Analysis and Comparative Data: A Test and Review of Evidence
Freckleton, R. P., Harvey, P. H., & Pagel, M. (2002) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/343873 · Cited by 2,604
Range Shifts and Adaptive Responses to Quaternary Climate Change
Davis, M. B., & Shaw, R. G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.673 · Cited by 2,575
Maienschein, J. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369716c0 · Cited by 2,275
Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis
Willig, M. R., Kaufman, D. M., & Stevens, R. D. (2003) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.012103.144032 · Cited by 2,195
The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution
Thompson, J. N. (2005) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226118697.001.0001 · Cited by 2,083
(1982) · Cited by 2,048
The Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges
Gaston, K. J. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198526407.001.0001 · Cited by 1,996
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245 · Cited by 1,996
Historical biogeography, ecology and species richness
Wiens, J. J., & Donoghue, M. J. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.09.011 · Cited by 1,968
The Canonical Distribution of Commonness and Rarity: Part I
PRESTON, F. W. (1962) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1931976 · Cited by 1,806
The geographic mosaic of coevolution
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-2194 · Cited by 1,599
THE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE: Size, Shape, Boundaries, and Internal Structure
Brown, J. H., Stevens, G. C., & Kaufman, D. M. (1996) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.597 · Cited by 1,438
Bayesian Estimation of Ancestral Character States on Phylogenies
Pagel, M. D., Meade, A., & Barker, D. (2004) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150490522232 · Cited by 1,383
Stomatal Size in Fossil Plants: Evidence for Polyploidy in Majority of Angiosperms
Masterson, J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.264.5157.421 · Cited by 1,165
Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life
Vermeij, G. J. (1987) · doi:10.1515/9780691224244 · Cited by 1,154
Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents
Barnosky, A. D., Koch, P. L., Feranec, R. S., Wing, S. L., & Shabel, A. B. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1101476 · Cited by 1,084
Hull, D. L. (1980) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001523 · Cited by 1,055
From DNA to diversity: molecular genetics and the evolution of animal design
Carroll, S., Grenier, J., & Weatherbee, S. D. (2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-5182 · Cited by 986
Out of the Tropics: Evolutionary Dynamics of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient
Jablonski, D., Roy, K., & Valentine, J. W. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1130880 · Cited by 970
Self-citationSober, E. R. (1993) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226308883.001.0001 · Cited by 906
Dynesius, M., & Jansson, R. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.16.9115 · Cited by 903
Evolutionary Response to Rapid Climate Change
Bradshaw, W. E., & Holzapfel, C. M. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127000 · Cited by 828
Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology
Knoll, A. H., & Carroll, S. B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129 · Cited by 821
Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary
Jackson, S. T., & Overpeck, J. T. (2000) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[194:roppac]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 818
Spatial scale dictates the productivity–biodiversity relationship
Chase, J. M., & Leibold, M. A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416427a · Cited by 816
Evolution and environment in tropical America
Simpson, B. B. (1997) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(97)89791-1 · Cited by 752
Sterelny, K., & Griffiths, P. E. (1999) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226178653.001.0001 · Cited by 743
‘Downward Causation’ in Hierarchically Organised Biological Systems
Campbell, D. T. (1974) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-01892-5_11 · Cited by 713
Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca
(1995) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198549802.001.0001 · Cited by 706
Time and Space and the Variation of Species
PRESTON, F. W. (1960) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1931793 · Cited by 706
The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography
QUEIROZ, A. (2005) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.006 · Cited by 692
AN EXPLANATION FOR COPE'S RULE
Stanley, S. M. (1973) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1973.tb05912.x · Cited by 678
Brandon, R. N. (2014) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1353/book.34649 · Cited by 670
The Evolution of Morphological Diversity
Foote, M. (1997) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.129 · Cited by 655
The imprint of the geographical, evolutionary and ecological context on species–area relationships
Drakare, S., Lennon, J. J., & Hillebrand, H. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00848.x · Cited by 632
From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design
Gostling, N. J. (2002) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800154 · Cited by 620
Wade, M. J., & Brandon, R. N. (1991) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02682.x · Cited by 617
Evolving Hierarchical Systems: Their Structure and Representation
Salthe, S. N. (1985) · doi:10.7312/salt91068 · Cited by 608
Background and Mass Extinctions: The Alternation of Macroevolutionary Regimes
Jablonski, D. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.231.4734.129 · Cited by 584
Self-citationStudies in the Philosophy of Biology
Ayala, F. J., & Dobzhansky, T. (1974) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-01892-5 · Cited by 564
Hansen, T. F., & Martins, E. P. (1996) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03914.x · Cited by 564
Extinction: bad genes or bad luck?
Raup, D. M. (1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3880 · Cited by 562
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-4488 · Cited by 530
Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology
Ruse, M. (1999) · Endeavour · doi:10.1016/s0160-9327(99)80044-1 · Cited by 510
Explaining the Cambrian "Explosion" of Animals
Marshall, C. R. (2006) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.031504.103001 · Cited by 506
Reconstructing ancestral character states: a critical reappraisal
Cunningham, C., Omland, K. E., & Oakley, T. H. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01382-2 · Cited by 501
MODERN ANALOGS IN QUATERNARY PALEOECOLOGY: Here Today, Gone Yesterday, Gone Tomorrow?
Jackson, S. T., & Williams, J. W. (2004) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120435 · Cited by 498
The Role of behavior in evolution
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-2706 · Cited by 479
Systematics and the Fossil Record
Smith, A. B. (1994) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444313918 · Cited by 457
The Canonical Distribution of Commonness and Rarity: Part II
Preston, F. W. (1962) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1933371 · Cited by 456
Evolutionary Theory: Mathematical and Conceptual Foundations
Rice, S. H. (2004) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 449
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
Edwards, A. W. F. (2000) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/154.4.1419 · Cited by 442
The Origin of Animal Body Plans
Arthur, W. (1997) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174596 · Cited by 413
Heritability at the Species Level: Analysis of Geographic Ranges of Cretaceous Mollusks
Jablonski, D. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.238.4825.360 · Cited by 412
Self-citationLaubichler, M. D. (2003) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 387
The community context of species’ borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives
Case, T. J., Holt, R. D., McPeek, M. A., & Keitt, T. H. (2004) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13148.x · Cited by 386
MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS
McShea, D. W. (1994) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02211.x · Cited by 379
The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limb
Shubin, N. H., Daeschler, E. B., & Jenkins, F. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04637 · Cited by 377
Empirical perspectives on species borders: from traditional biogeography to global change
Parmesan, C., Gaines, S. D., González, L. M. B., Kaufman, D. M., Kingsolver, J. G., Peterson, A. T., & Sagarin, R. (2004) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13150.x · Cited by 376
The Fate of Clades in a World of Recurrent Climatic Change: Milankovitch Oscillations and Evolution
Jansson, R., & Dynesius, M. (2002) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150520 · Cited by 372
The dynamics of evolutionary stasis
Eldredge, N., Thompson, J. N., Brakefield, P. M., Sergey Gavrilets, B., Jablonski, D., Jackson, J. B. C., Lenski, R. E., Lieberman, B. S., McPeek, M. A., & Miller, W. L. (2005) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0133:tdoes]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 370
Self-citationStudies in quantitative inheritance
Robertson, F. W., & Reeve, E. C. R. (1952) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02986839 · Cited by 367
DISPARITY: MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT
ERWIN, D. H. (2007) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00614.x · Cited by 363
Gregory, R. T. (2005) · Cited by 361
Climatic unpredictability and parasitism of caterpillars: Implications of global warming
Stireman, J. O., Dyer, L. A., Janzen, D. H., Singer, M. S., Lill, J. T., Marquis, R. J., Ricklefs, R. E., Gentry, G. L., Hallwachs, W., Coley, P. D., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508839102 · Cited by 359
The emerging conceptual framework of evolutionary developmental biology
Arthur, W. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415757a · Cited by 358
Lessons from the past: Biotic recoveries from mass extinctions
Erwin, D. H. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.091092698 · Cited by 357
(1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198577188.001.0001 · Cited by 356
Origination of Organismal Form
Newman, S. A. (2003) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5182.001.0001 · Cited by 353
Bateman, R. M., Crane, P. R., DiMichele, W. A., Kenrick, P., Rowe, N. P., Speck, T., & Stein, W. E. (1998) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.263 · Cited by 350
MacPhee, R. D. E. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1 · Cited by 346
Strömberg, C. A. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505700102 · Cited by 340
The Role of behavior in evolution
Plotkin, H. C. (1988) · Cited by 335
Evolutionary Paleoecology of the Marine Biosphere.
Ghiselin, M. T., & Valentine, J. W. (1975) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412725 · Cited by 326
Alternative formulations of multilevel selection
Damuth, J. D., & Heisler, I. L. (1988) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/bf00647962 · Cited by 326
The last common bilaterian ancestor
Erwin, D. H., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.13.3021 · Cited by 320
The paradox of the first tier: an agenda for paleobiology
Gould, S. J. (1985) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300011350 · Cited by 319
Mass extinctions and macroevolution
Jablonski, D. (2005) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0192:meam]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 317
Self-citationIndividuals, hierarchies and processes: towards a more complete evolutionary theory
Vrba, E. S., & Eldredge, N. (1984) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300008149 · Cited by 314
AUTECOLOGY AND THE FILLING OF ECOSPACE: KEY METAZOAN RADIATIONS
Bambach, R. K., Bush, A. M., & Erwin, D. H. (2007) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00611.x · Cited by 312
Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution
Levinton, J. S. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511612961 · Cited by 310
Trends as changes in variance: a new slant on progress and directionality in evolution
Gould, S. J. (1988) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000059126 · Cited by 310
Patterns and Processes in the History of Life
(1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70831-2 · Cited by 303
Ricklefs, R. E., & Latham, R. E. (1992) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285388 · Cited by 302
Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion
Valentine, J. W., Jablonski, D., & Erwin, D. H. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.5.851 · Cited by 300
Self-citationBennett, K. D. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511608599 · Cited by 298
Alternative Designs and the Evolution of Functional Diversity
Marks, C. O., & Lechowicz, M. J. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/498276 · Cited by 295
Evo-devo and constraints on selection
Brakefield, P. M. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.001 · Cited by 292
Conrad, M. (1987) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/0303-2647(87)90009-8 · Cited by 286
Evolutionary Paleoecology of the Marine Biosphere
Risk, M. J. (1974) · Geoscience Canada · Cited by 281
Experimental evidence that predation promotes divergence in adaptive radiation
Nosil, P., & Crespi, B. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601575103 · Cited by 281
Adaptation and the comparative method
Martins, E. P. (2000) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01880-2 · Cited by 279
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-4656 · Cited by 274
Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns
Valentine, J. (1986) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400855056 · Cited by 274
Evolution and Ecology: The Pace of Life
Bennett, K. D. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 274
Stochastic Simulation and Evolution of Morphology-Towards a Nomothetic Paleontology
Raup, D. M., & Gould, S. J. (1974) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/23.3.305 · Cited by 272
New approaches to speciation in the fossil record
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3929 · Cited by 269
Of mice, mastodons and men: human-mediated extinctions on four continents
Lyons, S. K., Smith, F. A., & Brown, J. H. (2004) · Cited by 268
Lessons from the past: Evolutionary impacts of mass extinctions
Jablonski, D. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.101092598 · Cited by 268
Self-citationMACROEVOLUTION AND MACROECOLOGY THROUGH DEEP TIME
BUTTERFIELD, N. J. (2007) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x · Cited by 267
Selectivity of End-Cretaceous Marine Bivalve Extinctions
Jablonski, D., & Raup, D. M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11536722 · Cited by 261
Self-citationThe Quality of the Fossil Record: Implications for Evolutionary Analyses
Kidwell, S. M., & Holland, S. M. (2002) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.030602.152151 · Cited by 261
The hierarchical expansion of sorting and selection: sorting and selection cannot be equated
Vrba, E. S., & Gould, S. J. (1986) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300013671 · Cited by 259
Body-size evolution in Cretaceous molluscs and the status of Cope's rule
Jablonski, D. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385250a0 · Cited by 256
Self-citationThe tropics as a source of evolutionary novelty through geological time
Jablonski, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364142a0 · Cited by 255
Self-citationFinarelli, J. A., & Flynn, J. J. (2006) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150500541698 · Cited by 254
Wagner, G. P., & Draghi, J. A. (2010) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8278.003.0022 · Cited by 251
Patterns of taxonomic and ecological structure of the shelf benthos during Phanerozoic time
Valentine, J. W. (1969) · Palaeontological Association · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16226412 · Cited by 251
Evolving form and function: fossils and development
Donoghue, P. C. J., & Dong, X. (2005) · Cited by 244
Prehistoric Extinctions on Islands and Continents
Martin, P. S., & Steadman, D. W. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1_2 · Cited by 240
Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia
Twitchett, R. J., Krystyn, L., Baud, A., Wheeley, J. R., & Richoz, S. (2004) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g20585.1 · Cited by 237
Goodbye Gondwana? New Zealand Biogeography, Geology, and the Problem of Circularity
Waters, J. M., & Craw, D. (2006) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150600681659 · Cited by 231
Evolvability, Stabilizing Selection, and the Problem of Stasis
Hansen, T. F., & Houle, D. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195160437.003.0006 · Cited by 229
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIVERSIFICATION EVENTS: THE EARLY PALEOZOIC VERSUS THE MESOZOIC
Erwin, D. H., Valentine, J. W., & Sepkoski, J. J. (1987) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02459.x · Cited by 229
Morphological Diversity In The Evolutionary Radiation Of Paleozoic and Post-Paleozoic Crinoids
Foote, M. (1999) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(1999)25[1:mditer]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 225
Survival without recovery after mass extinctions
Jablonski, D. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.102163299 · Cited by 221
Self-citationThe Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: A Hierarchical Expansion
Arnold, A. J., & Fristrup, K. M. (1982) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300004462 · Cited by 221
The role of Quaternary environmental change in plant macroevolution: the exception or the rule?
Willis, K. J., & Niklas, K. J. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1387 · Cited by 218
Giribet, G., Okusu, A., Lindgren, A. R., Huff, S. W., Schrödl, M., & Nishiguchi, M. K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103 · Cited by 218
Lupia, R., Lidgard, S., & Crane, P. R. (1999) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s009483730002131x · Cited by 218
Scale‐dependence in species‐area relationships
Turner, W. R., & Tjørve, E. (2005) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.2005.0906-7590.04273.x · Cited by 217
Selfish DNA is maladaptive: evidence from the plant Red List
Vinogradov, A. E. (2003) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2003.09.010 · Cited by 216
(1939) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)76614-1 · Cited by 215
McNamara, J. (2002) · Cited by 215
Stochastic Simulation and Evolution of Morphology-Towards a Nomothetic Paleontology
Raup, D. M., & Gould, S. J. (1974) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412538 · Cited by 214
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-2217 · Cited by 213
Butterfield, N. J. F. (2002) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028 · Cited by 212
Roy, K., Valentine, J. W., Jablonski, D., & Kidwell, S. M. (1996) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10054-9 · Cited by 210
Self-citationDo early branching lineages signify ancestral traits?
Crisp, M. D., & Cook, L. G. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.010 · Cited by 204
A Late Jurassic Digging Mammal and Early Mammalian Diversification
Luo, Z., & Wible, J. R. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108875 · Cited by 203
(2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195160437.001.0001 · Cited by 203
Climate change, body size evolution, and Cope's Rule in deep-sea ostracodes
Hunt, G., & Roy, K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510550103 · Cited by 202
Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny
(2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203165171 · Cited by 201
Benton, M., & Emerson, B. (2007) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00612.x · Cited by 197
Paleobiology, Community Ecology, and Scales of Ecological Pattern
Jablonski, D., & Sepkoski, J. J. (1996) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/2265534 · Cited by 194
Systematics and the Fossil Record
Wagner, P. J., & Smith, A. B. (1995) · Palaios · doi:10.2307/3515163 · Cited by 189
Gregory, T. R., & Mable, B. K. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012301463-4/50010-3 · Cited by 186
Functional Morphology of the Invertebrate Skeleton
Baumiller, T. K., & Savazzi, E. (2000) · Palaios · doi:10.2307/3515649 · Cited by 185
Norell, M. A., & Xu, X. (2005) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122511 · Cited by 182
Darwin's dilemma: the realities of the Cambrian ‘explosion’
Conway Morris, S. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1846 · Cited by 179 · cited 2×
“…in disparity relative to taxonomic diversification occur in early Palaeozoic invertebrates (Foote 1997; Thomas et al. 2000; Valentine 2004; Conway Morris 2006), mid-Palaeozoic land plants (Bateman et al. 1998; Boyce and Knoll 2002; Boyce 2005) and vertebrates (Ahlberg et al. 2006; Ruta et al.…”
Tempo and mode of early animal evolution: inferences from rocks, Hox, and molecular clocks
Peterson, K. J., McPeek, M. A., & Evans, D. A. D. (2005) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0036:tamoea]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 174
Cook, L. G., & Crisp, M. D. (2005) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01261.x · Cited by 173
The evolution of plant development
Friedman, W. E., Moore, R. C., & Purugganan, M. D. (2004) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1726 · Cited by 169
Historical contingency and the purported uniqueness of evolutionary innovations
Vermeij, G. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508724103 · Cited by 169
Micro- and macroevolution: Scale and hierarchy in evolutionary biology and paleobiology
Jablonski, D. (2000) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[15:mamsah]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 165
Self-citationPopulation size, extinction, and speciation: the fission effect in Neogene Bivalvia
Stanley, S. M. (1986) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300003006 · Cited by 163
Morphological evolution through complex domains of fitness.
Niklas, K. J. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6772 · Cited by 159
Ruta, M., Wagner, P. J., & Coates, M. I. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3577 · Cited by 157
Geographical range and speciation in fossil and living molluscs
Jablonski, D., & Roy, K. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2243 · Cited by 156
Self-citationAntiquity and Evolution of the MADS-Box Gene Family Controlling Flower Development in Plants
Nam, J. (2003) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msg152 · Cited by 153
On the Heritability of Geographic Range Sizes
Webb, T. J., & Gaston, K. J. (2003) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/368296 · Cited by 151
THE EARLIEST REMAINS OF GRASSES IN THE FOSSIL RECORD
Crepet, W. L., & Feldman, G. D. (1991) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1991.tb14506.x · Cited by 150
The Grasses: A Case Study in Macroevolution
Kellogg, E. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.217 · Cited by 150
Higher taxa in biodiversity studies: patterns from eastern Pacific marine molluscs
Roy, K., Jablonski, D., & Valentine, J. W. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0144 · Cited by 150
Self-citationQian, H., & Ricklefs, R. E. (2004) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00868.x · Cited by 149
Crane, P. R., Herendeen, P. S., & Friis, E. M. (2004) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1683 · Cited by 148
Community inertia of Quaternary small mammal assemblages in North America
McGill, B. J., Hadly, E. A., & Maurer, B. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504225102 · Cited by 143
1.3 Billion years of acritarch history: An empirical morphospace approach
Huntley, J. W., Xiao, S., & Kowalewski, M. (2005) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.11.003 · Cited by 142
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-6576 · Cited by 141
Testing the accuracy of methods for reconstructing ancestral states of continuous characters
Webster, A. J., & Purvis, A. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1873 · Cited by 140
Tate, J. A., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, P. S. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012301463-4/50009-7 · Cited by 139
Testing evolutionary constraint hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods
Wagner, P. J. (1995) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300013294 · Cited by 138
Tanabe, Y., Hasebe, M., Sekimoto, H., Nishiyama, T., Kitani, M., Henschel, K., Münster, T., Theißen, G., Nozaki, H., & Itô, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409860102 · Cited by 138
(2001) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/mcki10414 · Cited by 137
Functional morphology of the invertebrate skeleton
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-2151 · Cited by 137
Parvinen, K. (2005) · Acta Biotheoretica · doi:10.1007/s10441-005-2531-5 · Cited by 137
Investigating Long-Term Ecological Variability Using the Global Population Dynamics Database
Inchausti, P., & Halley, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.293.5530.655 · Cited by 134
Tempo and mode of speciation in the sea
Jackson, J. W., & CHEETHAM, A. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01504-3 · Cited by 133
The Impact of the Species–Area Relationship on Estimates of Paleodiversity
Barnosky, A. D., Carrasco, M. A., & Davis, E. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030266 · Cited by 129
Assessing the fidelity of the fossil record by using marine bivalves
Valentine, J. W., Jablonski, D., Kidwell, S. M., & Roy, K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601264103 · Cited by 129
Self-citationGeographic variation in the molluscan recovery from the end-cretaceous extinction
Jablonski, D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5355.1327 · Cited by 127
Self-citationDissecting Global Diversity Patterns: Examples from the Ordovician Radiation
Miller, A. I. (1997) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.85 · Cited by 127
Jablonski, D., & Hunt, G. (2006) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/507994 · Cited by 126
Self-citationPOSSIBLE LARGEST-SCALE TRENDS IN ORGANISMAL EVOLUTION: Eight “Live Hypotheses”
McShea, D. W. (1998) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.293 · Cited by 125
The Origin of Animal Body Plans
Erwin, D. H., Valentine, J. W., & Jablonski, D. (1997) · American Scientist · Cited by 125
Self-citationCan adaptation lead to extinction?
Rankin, D. J., & López‐Sepulcre, A. (2005) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2005.14541.x · Cited by 123
Knoll, A. H., & Bambach, R. K. (2000) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[1:dithol]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 122
Evolution of Biological Diversity
Ritchie, M. (1999) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6886483 · Cited by 120
The effect of development on the direction of evolution: toward a twenty‐first century consensus
Arthur, W. (2004) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04033.x · Cited by 120
The Mesozoic Radiation of Birds
Chiappe, L. M., & Dyke, G. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150517 · Cited by 119
A Complete Classification of Darwinian Extinction in Ecological Interactions
Webb, C. (2003) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/345858 · Cited by 118
Aberhan, M., Kiessling, W., & Fursich, F. T. (2006) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/05028.1 · Cited by 117
Evolutionary Exploitation of Design Options by the First Animals with Hard Skeletons
Thomas, R. D. K., Shearman, R. M., & Stewart, G. W. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1239 · Cited by 117
Patterns of morphologic diversification among the Rostroconchia
Wagner, P. J. (1997) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300016675 · Cited by 116
Eldredge, N. (1986) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195036336.001.0001 · Cited by 114
Why no new phyla after the Cambrian? Genome and ecospace hypotheses revisited
Valentine, J. W. (1995) · PALAIOS · doi:10.2307/3515182 · Cited by 113
Continuing the debate on the role of Quaternary environmental change for macroevolution
Bennett, K. D. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1395 · Cited by 112
Genome size and extinction risk in vertebrates
Vinogradov, A. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2776 · Cited by 111
Grantham, T. A. (1995) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.26.110195.001505 · Cited by 110
Diversity, Endemism, and Age Distributions in Macroevolutionary Sources and Sinks
Goldberg, E. E., Roy, K., Lande, R., & Jablonski, D. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/430012 · Cited by 109
Self-citationSpecies‐Level Heritability Reaffirmed: A Comment on “On the Heritability of Geographic Range Sizes”
Hunt, G., Roy, K., & Jablonski, D. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/430722 · Cited by 109
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 33
- ARONSON R. B., 1994, Scale‐independent biological interactions in the marine environment, Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 32, 435
- BAMBACH R. K., 2000, Paleobiology, 1
- BROWN J. H., 1995, Macroecology, 269
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028 · DOI
- COYNE J. A., 2004, Speciation, 545
- DAWKINS R., 1989, Artificial life, 201
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026 · DOI
- ELDREDGE N., 1989, Macroevolutionary dynamics, 226
- ERWIN D. H., 2005, Evolving form and function: fossils and development, 67
- FRECKLETON R. P., 2003, Macroecology, concepts and consequences, 391
- GOULD S. J., 1982, Perspectives on evolution, 83
- HALLGRIMSSON B., 2005, Variation, 567
- HARNIK P. G., 2006, International Congress on Bivalvia, Scientific Program and Abstracts, 42
- HUNT G., 2002, Macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic variation: a test using the deep‐sea ostracode genus Poseidonamicus, Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 34, 33
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030 · DOI
- JABLONSKI D., 1986, Larval ecology and macroevolution of marine invertebrates, Bulletin of Marine Science, 39, 565
- JACKSON S. T., 2004, Frontiers of biogeography, 47
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030 · DOI
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030 · DOI
- McNAMARA K. J., 1990, Evolutionary trends, 368
- 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026 · DOI
- ROOPNARINE P. D., 2005, The likelihood of stratophenetic‐based hypotheses of genealogical succession, Special Papers in Palaeontology, 73, 143
- ROSENZWEIG M. L., 2004, Frontiers of biogeography, 324
- SEPKOSKI J. J., 1996, Evolutionary paleobiology, 211
- STANLEY S. M., 1979, Macroevolution, 332
- SUTER S. J., 1988, Echinoderm biology, 818
- VERMEIJ G. J., 1996, Adaptation, 363
- VRBA E. S., 1980, Evolution, species, and fossils: how does life evolve?, South African Journal of Science, 76, 61
- VRBA E. S., 1989, Levels of selection and sorting with special reference to the species level, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 6, 111
- WAGNER G. P., 1990, The domestication of replicators: a neo‐Darwinian commentary on the concept of replicator selection, Evolutionary Trends in Plants, 4, 71
- WAKE M. H., 2004, Integrative biology: the nexus of development, ecology, and evolution, Biology International, 46, 1
- WEBSTER M., 2005, Do trilobites show declining intraspecific variability?, Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 37, 486
- WHITTAKER R. J., 2003, Macroecology, concepts and consequences, 107
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Upham, N. S., Esselstyn, J. A., & Jetz, W. (2019) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 · Cited by 1,235
Evolution, the Extended Synthesis
Pigliucci, M., & Müller, G. (2010) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262513678.001.0001 · Cited by 976
The evolution of hierarchical gene regulatory networks
Erwin, D. H., & Davidson, E. H. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2499 · Cited by 454
Species Selection: Theory and Data
Jablonski, D. (2008) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173510 · Cited by 375
Self-citationBIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND MACROEVOLUTION: EXTENSIONS AND MISMATCHES ACROSS SCALES AND LEVELS
Jablonski, D. (2008) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00317.x · Cited by 296
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- JABLONSKI, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- JABLONSKI, DAVID
- ORCID
- JABLONSKI, DAVID
- Venue
- Palaeontology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-109
- ISSN
- 0031-0239 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-4983
- OpenAlex
- W2110891168
- Semantic Scholar
- 3a31025e070434d76593fd165b24006ab766a5e1
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 309
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Palaeontology (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Keywords
- macroevolution, biological hierarchy, species selection, emergent properties, speciation and extinction, evolutionary innovation, Cambrian explosion, post-extinction recovery, metazoan origin, geographic range, evolutionary rates, natural selection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
