Cited by 254Evolution and Paleontology StudiesMorphological variations and asymmetryPlant Diversity and Evolution

Ancestral State Reconstruction of Body Size in the Caniformia (Carnivora, Mammalia): The Effects of Incorporating Data from the Fossil Record

Finarelli, John A., Flynn, John J.·2006·Systematic Biology

Abstract

A recent molecular phylogeny of the mammalian order Carnivora implied large body size as the ancestral condition for the caniform subclade Arctoidea using the distribution of species mean body sizes among living taxa. "Extant taxa-only" approaches such as these discount character state observations for fossil members of living clades and completely ignore data from extinct lineages. To more rigorously reconstruct body sizes of ancestral forms within the Caniformia, body size and first appearance data were collected for 149 extant and 367 extinct taxa. Body sizes were reconstructed for four ancestral nodes using weighted squared-change parsimony on log-transformed body mass data. Reconstructions based on extant taxa alone favored large body sizes (on the order of 10 to 50 kg) for the last common ancestors of both the Caniformia and Arctoidea. In contrast, reconstructions incorporating fossil data support small body sizes (< 5 kg) for the ancestors of those clades. When the temporal information associated with fossil data was discarded, body size reconstructions became ambiguous, demonstrating that incorporating both character state and temporal information from fossil taxa unambiguously supports a small ancestral body size, thereby falsifying hypotheses derived from extant taxa alone. Body size reconstructions for Caniformia, Arctoidea, and Musteloidea were not sensitive to potential errors introduced by uncertainty in the position of extinct lineages relative to the molecular…

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Crossref · 10.1080/10635150500541698

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Authors
Finarelli, J. A., & Flynn, J. J.
Affiliations
  • Field Museum of Natural History (US)
  • American Museum of Natural History (US)
Corresponding author
Finarelli, John A.
Venue
Systematic Biology
Published
2006-04-01
Volume
55
Issue
2
Pages
301-313
ISSN
  • 1063-5157 (ISSN-L)
  • 1076-836X
OpenAlex
W2104579758
Cited by
254
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
FWCI
7.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Systematic Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
Keywords
ancestral state reconstruction, body size, Caniformia, Arctoidea, Carnivora, fossil record, temporal information, body mass evolution, pinnipeds, character evolution, molecular phylogeny
MeSH terms
Animals, Carnivora, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Body Size

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